Law

18--25 Trust: Establishing Financial Security for Young Adults
A comprehensive exploration of the 18--25 Trust, a financial trust established for the benefit of young individuals who gain full ownership of the trust property by their 25th birthday. This article covers the legal framework, inheritance tax implications, historical context, and practical applications.
1948: Shelley v. Kraemer Supreme Court Ruling on Racially Restrictive Covenants
The landmark 1948 Supreme Court ruling in Shelley v. Kraemer declared racially restrictive covenants unenforceable, a pivotal moment in the fight against housing discrimination in the United States.
501(c)(3): Tax-Exempt Entities
501(c)(3) is a section of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code that defines tax-exempt entities, typically used by qualified charities. This article elaborates on its definition, requirements, examples, and related terms.
501(c)(3) Organizations: Tax-Exempt Nonprofit Entities
501(c)(3) organizations are nonprofit entities that meet specific criteria under the United States Internal Revenue Code, making them exempt from federal income tax.
A1: Comprehensive Overview and Implications
A detailed look at A1, covering various financial, economic, and legal considerations related to refunds, salary adjustments, equity ratios, and living trusts.
Ab Initio: From the Beginning
An in-depth examination of the term 'Ab Initio' and its usage across various domains, signifying 'from the beginning.'
Abode: Another Term for a Place of Residence
Abode refers to a place of residence, often used in legal contexts to denote an individual's home or dwelling.
Absolute Entitlement: Full Ownership and Control over Trust Assets by the Beneficiary
A comprehensive exploration of Absolute Entitlement in trusts, including historical context, types, key events, explanations, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, and more.
Absolute Immunity vs. Qualified Immunity: Legal Protections
A detailed exploration of absolute immunity and qualified immunity in legal contexts, their historical development, key distinctions, applications, and implications.
Abuse of a Dominant Position: Understanding Market Power and Anticompetitive Practices
A comprehensive exploration of abuse of a dominant position, an anticompetitive practice by large corporations, focusing on historical context, key events, and implications under Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the UK Competition Act 1998.
Abuse of Dominant Position: Unfair Market Practices
The use of anticompetitive business practices by a dominant firm to maintain or increase market share, either in the product market or in a geographic market.
Accord and Satisfaction: Legal Remedy in Contract Law
Accord and Satisfaction is a legal concept that allows a party to a contract to avoid an existing obligation, provided the other party agrees. It involves the accord (agreement) and the satisfaction (consideration) to make the agreement legally binding.
Accountant's Lien: The Right of Possession
Understanding the right of accountants to retain possession of property until debts are settled.
Accounting Directive: Simplified Disclosure Requirements for Small Companies
The EU Accounting Directive (2014) aims to simplify the disclosure requirements for small companies through the introduction of abridged accounts, with special rules for micro-entities. Incorporated into UK law in 2015, applicable to financial periods starting on or after 1 January 2016.
Accumulation and Maintenance Trust: A Comprehensive Guide
An in-depth look at Accumulation and Maintenance Trusts, a form of discretionary trust used primarily for the benefit of children and young adults. Explore its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, charts, and importance.
Accusation: A Claim of Wrongdoing
Accusation refers to a claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong. It often overlaps with allegations in criminal contexts.
Accused: Legal Term in Criminal Law
The term 'Accused' refers to an individual formally charged with committing a criminal offense, synonymous with 'defendant' in criminal law. This entry delves into its definition, legal implications, historical context, and related terms.
Acquired Rights: Legal Protections for Gained Privileges
An in-depth exploration of acquired rights, their historical context, categories, key events, applications in law, related terms, comparisons, and significant FAQs.
Acquisition Fraud: Understanding the Deceptive Practice
A comprehensive guide to Acquisition Fraud, including historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, and prevention strategies.
Acting in Concert: Collective Action in Undertakings
A detailed examination of the concept of 'Acting in Concert,' where multiple parties collaborate in an undertaking, including historical context, key events, examples, and related terms.
Actual Breach: A Comprehensive Definition
When a party involved in a contract fails to perform their obligations on the due date, it is termed as an 'Actual Breach.' This breach constitutes a violation of the agreed terms and can have various legal consequences.
Adjudicator: A General Definition
An adjudicator is someone who makes a formal judgment or decision about a problem or disputed matter. Learn about their roles, applicability, and historical context.
Adjustment of Status: Process of Changing Non-immigrant Visa to Permanent Resident Status
An in-depth look at Adjustment of Status, the process through which non-immigrants in the U.S. can obtain lawful permanent resident status (Green Card). This entry covers requirements, procedures, examples, and frequently asked questions.
Administration: Rescuing Companies in Financial Distress
Administration is a legal process designed to manage companies in financial distress with the goal of restructuring and survival or maximizing asset value in liquidation.
Administration Order: Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth look at administration orders, which are legal mechanisms designed to manage the debts of individuals or companies in financial difficulty, preventing bankruptcy and facilitating asset realization.
Administrative Procedure Act (APA): U.S. Federal Statute Governing Administrative Agencies
The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) is a U.S. federal statute that governs the way in which administrative agencies propose and establish regulations, ensuring transparency, accountability, and public participation.
Administrative Receiver: Definition and Overview
An administrative receiver is a receiver appointed by the holder of a floating charge covering the whole, or substantially all, of a company's assets. The administrative receiver has the power to sell the secured assets or to manage the company's business. This term is crucial in insolvency law and finance.
Administrative Sanction: Non-monetary Penalties
Administrative sanctions are non-monetary penalties such as license suspension or revocation, imposed by regulatory agencies or administrative bodies to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory standards.
Administrator: Role and Responsibilities in Managing Affairs
An in-depth look into the role of an administrator, their responsibilities in managing property and affairs of others, including deceased individuals, and the legalities involved.
Admissible: Evidence Allowed in Court
An in-depth exploration of what constitutes admissible evidence in court, including historical context, categories, key events, and relevant legal principles.
Admissions: Statements by a Party Acknowledging Certain Facts
Comprehensive coverage of the term 'Admissions' in the context of law, including definitions, types, special considerations, and examples.
Adoption: Definition and Context
Adoption is the act of legally taking another's child and bringing it up as one's own, or in broader terms, taking on something as one's own.
Advance Directive: Legal Document for Future Health Care Decisions
An advance directive is a broad legal document for future health care decisions, often including elements like a Health Care Power of Attorney and a Living Will.
Advancement: Payment by a Parent to a Child During Their Lifetime
Advancement refers to a payment made by a parent to a child during their lifetime, which the child would receive as an heir upon the parent's death.
Advocate: Legal and Support Roles
An Advocate is either a lawyer who pleads cases in court, or a person who publicly supports a cause or policy. This entry explores the diverse roles and responsibilities of advocates in various contexts.
Affidavit of Service: A Document Proving the Delivery of Notice
An Affidavit of Service is a legal document used to prove that a party has received a specific notice or document. It plays a crucial role in ensuring due process in legal proceedings.
Affirmative Action: Ensuring Equal Opportunities
Affirmative Action is a principle underlying policies in employment and education aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all by addressing past discrimination.
Age of Criminal Responsibility: Understanding Legal Accountability
Explore the age of criminal responsibility, the age at which individuals are deemed capable of committing a crime and being prosecuted legally. Understand its historical context, global variations, key events, and more.
Agency by Agreement: Definition and Explanation
A formal relationship established through a mutual agreement between the principal and the agent where the agent is authorized to act on behalf of the principal.
Agent: Definition and Role
A comprehensive overview of an agent, including types, roles, historical context, mathematical models, and applicability across various domains.
Agent/Attorney-in-Fact: Definition and Implications
An in-depth exploration of the term Agent/Attorney-in-Fact, elucidating the roles, responsibilities, implications, historical context, and legal considerations.
Agreements and Joint Ventures: Entering into Business Agreements or Partnerships
Comprehensive understanding of Agreements and Joint Ventures, including their definition, types, considerations, examples, historical context, applicability, and related terms.
Alford Plea: A Unique Legal Plea
A legal plea in the United States where the defendant does not admit guilt but acknowledges that sufficient evidence exists for a conviction.
Alimony Payment: Definition, Importance, and Detailed Explanation
A comprehensive guide to understanding alimony payments, including their historical context, types, key events, and tax implications. This article covers important considerations, related terms, and frequently asked questions to provide a full understanding of alimony payments in the USA.
Alter Ego Doctrine: A Concept in Corporate Law
The Alter Ego Doctrine considers whether a corporation is merely an extension of its individual owner. It can be used to hold the owner personally liable for the corporation's actions.
Ambiguity Rule: Legal Interpretation in Insurance Contracts
A comprehensive overview of the Ambiguity Rule, a US legal principle requiring judges to interpret ambiguities in insurance contracts against the insurer and in favor of the insured.
AML (Anti-Money Laundering): Laws, Regulations, and Procedures to Prevent Money Laundering
AML (Anti-Money Laundering) encompasses laws, regulations, and procedures designed to prevent money laundering activities, ensuring the financial system is protected from illicit funds.
Ancillary Credit Business: Comprehensive Overview
A detailed exploration of ancillary credit businesses involved in credit brokerage, debt adjusting, debt counselling, debt collecting, debt administration, and operation of credit-reference agencies, underpinned by the Consumer Credit Act 1974.
Annul: Legal Invalidation Explained
Annul: To formally declare a legal order or contract null and void. Detailed insights into its meaning, historical context, types, examples, and applicability.
Annulment: Understanding the Legal Reversal of Bankruptcy
Comprehensive guide to annulment in bankruptcy, including historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, and related terms.
Anonymity: The State of Being Unidentified
An in-depth look at the concept of anonymity, its importance, types, historical context, and its various applications across different fields.
Antedate: Definition and Applications
To date a document before the date on which it is drawn up. This is not necessarily illegal or improper. For instance, an ante-dated cheque is not in law invalid.
Anti-Trust Laws: Safeguarding Free Competition
Anti-Trust Laws are regulations enacted to prevent monopolies and promote competition in the market, ensuring free trade and protecting consumers.
Anticipatory Repudiation: Understanding Non-Performance in Contracts
Anticipatory repudiation occurs when one party declares, before the performance is due, that they will not fulfill their contractual obligations. This encyclopedia article explores its historical context, types, key events, legal implications, and more.
Antitrust: Laws and Policies to Promote Competition
Comprehensive guide on antitrust laws and policies designed to prevent monopolies and promote competition in the market.
Antitrust Law: Legislation to Prevent Monopolies and Promote Competition
An in-depth look at Antitrust Law, the regulations designed to promote fair competition for the benefit of consumers by preventing monopolies and unfair business practices.
Appeal: Application for a Higher Court to Review the Decision of a Lower Court
An appeal is a process in law where a case is reviewed by a higher court, revisiting the decision of a lower court, with the intention to correct or review any possible errors.
Appellate Review: Examination of Lower Court Decisions
Appellate Review is the process by which a higher court examines the decision and record of a lower court, typically to determine if there have been legal errors that warrant a reversal or modification of the lower court's decision.
Appropriative Rights: Definition and Implications
A detailed explanation of Appropriative Rights, a system for water rights allocation based on the principle of first use, particularly common in the arid Western U.S. states.
Approval: Formal Consent or Agreement
Detailed understanding of approval, a formal consent or agreement, including its various forms, applicability in different fields, historical context, and related terminologies.
Approval vs. Ratification: Understanding the Difference and Application
Explore the distinct legal and practical implications of approval and ratification, their definitions, examples, historical context, and applicability.
Arbitral Award: The Final Decision Issued by an Arbitrator
An arbitral award is the final decision issued by an arbitrator in a dispute resolution process known as arbitration. It legally binds parties to the agreement and aims to resolve conflicts effectively and efficiently.
Arbitration: A Detailed Insight into Alternative Dispute Resolution
The determination of a dispute by an arbitrator or arbitrators rather than by a court of law. Explore the historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and more.
Arbitration: A System for Settling Disputes
An in-depth exploration of arbitration, its history, types, key events, importance, applicability, examples, and related terms. Learn about the role of arbitration in resolving commercial and labor disputes effectively.
Arraignment: Formal Charge and Plea
A comprehensive guide to understanding arraignment in the criminal justice system, including definitions, procedures, and significance.
Arrangement: Detailed Overview of Financial and Legal Implications
Explore the definition, historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and importance of arrangements in finance and law. Understand intermediary roles in transactions, models, examples, and more.
Articles of Partnership: Foundation of Business Partnerships
Articles of Partnership, also known as a partnership agreement, are the legal documents that dictate the terms and conditions of a business partnership.
Artificial Person: Legal Entity and Its Implications
An artificial person, or legal entity, is recognized by law as having distinct legal rights and duties. This term often applies to companies and corporations.
ASIC Act 2001: Legislation Governing ASIC's Powers and Functions
The ASIC Act 2001 delineates the Australian Securities and Investments Commission's powers, functions, and duties. It is a crucial legislative framework ensuring the integrity and transparency of Australia's financial markets.
Assent: Understanding Limited Agreement
Assent refers to the agreement by minors or individuals who are not legally able to give full consent. It involves acknowledgment or expression of willingness to participate or comply.
Asset Freeze: Temporary Immobilization of Assets
A comprehensive guide to understanding asset freezes, including historical context, types, key events, explanations, importance, and more.
Asset Protection: Legal Strategies to Protect Assets from Claims of Creditors
Asset Protection encompasses legal strategies and tools to safeguard assets from potential claims by creditors. This definition explores its concepts, methods, and implications.
Asset Transfer: What Is? Definition
Comprehensive definition of Asset Transfer involving the process of transferring all types of assets from one owner to another, along with examples, types, and special considerations.
Assign: Transfer Rights or Designate Tasks
To assign is to transfer rights or property to another party, often in a contractual context, or to designate a specific function or task.

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