Finance

€STR: The European Central Bank’s Replacement for EURIBOR
Comprehensive coverage of €STR, including its historical context, structure, key events, mathematical formulas, applicability, examples, comparisons, interesting facts, FAQs, and references.
403(b) Plans: Retirement Plans for Public School and Non-Profit Employees
Detailed definition, types, examples, historical context, and more about 403(b) plans, which are tax-advantaged retirement savings plans for employees of public schools and certain non-profit organizations.
90-Day Delinquency: Understanding the Implications
A 90-Day Delinquency occurs when a loan payment is overdue by three months, which can lead to severe financial repercussions, including foreclosure.
AAA Rating: The Highest Credit Quality
An in-depth look at the AAA rating, the highest credit rating assigned to an issuer's bonds by credit rating agencies, indicating excellent creditworthiness and a very low risk of default.
AAT: Association of Accounting Technicians
An overview of the Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT), including its history, roles, importance, and related terms in the field of accounting.
AAT (Association of Accounting Technicians): Professional Body for Accounting Technicians
Comprehensive guide to the Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT), including its historical context, categories, key events, importance, applicability, examples, and related terms.
ABCP: Asset-Backed Commercial Paper
A comprehensive overview of Asset-Backed Commercial Paper, including its historical context, types, key events, formulas, and applicability in finance.
Abnormal Profit: Understanding Above-Normal Gains
An in-depth exploration of abnormal profit, its significance, and implications in economic theory and business practice.
Above Par: When Asset Value Surpasses Expectations
Above Par refers to an asset trading at a price higher than its par value. It commonly applies to bonds but can be used for other financial instruments.
ABS (Asset-Backed Security): A Financial Instrument Backed by Various Assets
An Asset-Backed Security (ABS) is a financial instrument that is backed by a pool of underlying assets such as loans, leases, credit card debt, or receivables. This article explores the definition, types, examples, history, and applications of ABS, along with related terms and frequently asked questions.
Absolute Valuation: Determining Intrinsic Worth
Absolute Valuation is a method used in fundamental analysis to assess a company's intrinsic value by examining its financials without comparing it to other firms.
ACCA: Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
ACCA stands for the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, a global professional accounting body offering the Chartered Certified Accountant qualification.
Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS): U.S. Depreciation System
ACRS is a method introduced in the 1980s in the United States for faster asset depreciation, allowing businesses to write off capital investments at a quicker rate.
Accelerated Depreciation: Rapid Asset Value Reduction
Accelerated depreciation is a method to depreciate assets at a faster rate than the standard useful-life basis, often used for tax advantages and to reflect the rapid obsolescence of assets.
Acceleration: The Action of a Lender in Demanding Early Repayment
Acceleration in finance refers to a lender's right to demand early repayment of a loan when the borrower defaults on their payment or other contractual obligations.
Account Holder: An Individual Who Owns An Account
Comprehensive definition and explanation of an account holder, including types, examples, legal considerations, and related terms.
Account Receivables: Definition and Importance
Account Receivables are money owed to a company by its customers for goods or services delivered. They play a crucial role in a company's financial health by reflecting future cash flows.
Account(s): Financial Statements and Accountability
An in-depth exploration of the types, purposes, and significance of financial accounts, from personal bank accounts to national income statements.
Accountancy: The Profession and Process of Accounting
A comprehensive examination of accountancy, including its historical context, types, key events, explanations, importance, applicability, and much more.
Accountant: Financial Expert and Advisor
An in-depth look at the role of an accountant, their responsibilities, historical context, and various types.
Accounting: The Language of Business
Accounting involves recording, summarizing, and reporting financial transactions. This comprehensive guide covers historical context, types, key events, importance, and applicability.
Accounting Bases: Methods in Financial Reporting
The methods used for applying fundamental accounting concepts to financial transactions and items when preparing financial statements. The particular bases adopted by an organization will form its accounting policies.
Accounting Cycle: Comprehensive Guide
An in-depth look at the sequence of steps in accounting for a financial transaction, from initial recording to financial statement aggregation.
Accounting Event: Key Concepts in Financial Recording
An in-depth exploration of accounting events, including their significance, historical context, types, and practical applications in financial record-keeping.
Accounting Principles: Foundation of Financial Reporting
A comprehensive guide to accounting principles, their types, historical context, key concepts, and importance in financial reporting.
Accounting Standards: Principles, Guidelines, and Importance
Accounting Standards are a set of principles and guidelines that guide financial reporting to ensure consistency, transparency, and integrity. They are set by authoritative bodies to dictate how financial transactions should be recorded and reported.
Accounts Receivable: Understanding Business's Expected Incomes
Accounts Receivable represents the outstanding invoices or money owed to a firm by its customers. This article provides an in-depth analysis of its historical context, types, key events, and more.
Accredited Investors: Definition and Criteria
Accredited Investors are individuals or entities that meet specific financial criteria set by securities regulators, enabling them to invest in certain high-risk ventures such as private equity, hedge funds, and startups.
Accrual Basis: Accounting Method
The accrual basis is an accounting method where revenue and expenses are recorded when they are earned or incurred, regardless of when cash transactions occur.
Accrual Bond: Interest-Accruing Debt Instrument
An accrual bond is a type of bond where interest accrues over time instead of being paid out periodically, typically seen in zero-coupon bonds (also known as Z-Bonds).
Accrual Entry: Financial Recording Before Cash Transaction
An entry to record revenue or expense in the period it’s earned or incurred, even if cash transaction has not occurred yet.
Accumulation Trust: Understanding the Concept
An accumulation trust is a type of trust where the trust income is not distributed to the beneficiaries as it is earned. Instead, the income is added to the trust's principal and accumulates over time, to be distributed at a later date according to the terms of the trust.
Acquisition Accounting: Procedures for Company Takeover
The accounting procedures followed when one company is taken over by another, including the allocation of the fair value of purchase consideration, and the treatment of goodwill.
Active Stocks: Definition and Significance
Active stocks refer to securities that experience high trading volumes on a stock exchange over a given period.
Activity Cost Pool: Grouping Costs for Effective Management
An overview of activity cost pools in activity-based costing, their significance, application, and detailed explanations on cost drivers, examples, and considerations.
Activity-Based Budgeting: An Overview
Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) involves establishing the activities that incur costs in each function of an organization, defining the relationships between activities, and using the information to allocate resources efficiently.
Actual/365: A Day Count Convention in Finance
Actual/365 is a day count convention commonly used in finance that calculates interest and periods by dividing by 365 days, emphasizing greater accuracy over a full year.
Actual/Actual: A Day Count Convention
A comprehensive definition of the Actual/Actual day count convention, including its types, features, applications, and historical context.
Actuarially Fair Odds: Concept and Applications in Risk Management
Explore the concept of actuarially fair odds in the context of risk management, insurance, and finance. Learn the importance of this principle in pricing, decision making, and balancing risk.
Acyclical Trends: Understanding Unique Non-Cyclical Movements
Acyclical trends are distinct movements that do not follow predictable economic cycles and are influenced by factors like technological innovations or political events.
Ad Valorem Tax: Proportional Price-based Tax
Ad Valorem Tax is a tax proportional to the price of the object being taxed. This article explores the concept, types, applications, historical context, and significance of Ad Valorem Tax.
Additional Rate: Higher Rate of Income Tax
An in-depth exploration of the additional rate, which is a higher rate of income tax, including its historical context, types, key events, and applications.
Adjusted Consolidated Segment Operating Income: Detailed Explanation
An in-depth exploration of Adjusted Consolidated Segment Operating Income (ACSOI), its significance, calculation, applications, and impact on financial analysis and decision-making.
Adjusted EPS: A Detailed Examination of Core Profitability
Adjusted EPS (Earnings Per Share) is an EPS calculation that makes specific adjustments to better reflect a company's core profitability, excluding one-time expenses, gains, or losses.
Adjusted Gross Income: Key to Understanding Tax Liabilities
A comprehensive look at Adjusted Gross Income (AGI), its significance in the USA, calculations, and related tax implications.
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI): What Is It and How Is It Calculated?
Comprehensive guide to understanding Adjusted Gross Income (AGI), its calculation, significance in tax filing, and key adjustments that influence your taxable income.
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI): Essential Concept in Taxation
Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) represents an individual's total gross income after accounting for specific deductions, crucial in determining one's tax liability and tax bracket.
Adjustment Period: The Interval at Which a Floating Rate is Recalculated
An in-depth exploration of the Adjustment Period, the interval at which a floating rate is recalculated, including examples, applicability, and frequently asked questions.
Administration: Insolvency Process Management
A comprehensive look at Administration, a process where an insolvency practitioner is appointed to manage a company's affairs.
ADR: American Depositary Receipt
American Depositary Receipt (ADR) is a negotiable certificate issued by a U.S. bank representing a specified number of shares in a foreign stock traded on a U.S. exchange.
Advance Fee: Prepaid Amount Deducted from Final Bill
Advance fee, unlike retainers, refers to prepaid amounts that are deducted from the final bill based on the actual work done by a service provider. This guide provides a comprehensive understanding of the term, including its types, special considerations, examples, historical context, applicability, comparisons, related terms, FAQs, references, and summary.
AFAANZ: Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand
A comprehensive overview of the Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand (AFAANZ), including its history, importance, key events, activities, and more.
Affiliate: A Comprehensive Overview
A detailed exploration of the term 'Affiliate' in the context of business, its types, importance, and applications.
Affordable Housing Loan: Making Housing Accessible to Low- and Moderate-Income Families
Affordable Housing Loan aims to make housing accessible to low- and moderate-income families, providing financial assistance and favorable terms to facilitate home ownership.
After-Tax Yield: Net Return on an Investment After Taxes
The After-Tax Yield is the net return on an investment after accounting for taxes, providing a clearer picture of the actual return for investors in different tax brackets. It is crucial for assessing the true profitability of taxable investments.
Agent Fees: Payments Made to Agents for Their Services
Comprehensive explanation of agent fees, their importance, types, historical context, and their application in various fields including real estate, finance, entertainment, and sports.
Aggregate Depreciation: Comprehensive Overview
Explore the concept of Aggregate Depreciation, its significance in accounting, different methods of calculation, historical context, key events, applications, and related terms. This article covers detailed explanations, mathematical formulas, examples, comparisons, and frequently asked questions.
Aggregate Loss: Comprehensive Overview
Aggregate Loss refers to the total amount of losses incurred over a specific period, often used in insurance and risk management.
Aggregate Sum: Comprehensive Understanding
A detailed exploration of the term 'Aggregate Sum,' including its historical context, categories, key events, mathematical formulas, importance, applications, examples, related terms, and more.
Agreed Bid: A Supported Takeover
An agreed bid is a type of takeover bid that gains the support of the majority of the shareholders of the target company, in contrast to a hostile bid.
AIA: Association of International Accountants and Annual Investment Allowance
An in-depth examination of the Association of International Accountants and the Annual Investment Allowance, including their significance, history, and implications.
AIF: Alternative Investment Fund
Comprehensive coverage of Alternative Investment Funds, their types, key events, and importance.
Allonge: An Extension for Endorsements
An allonge is a slip of paper attached to a negotiable instrument for the purpose of adding more endorsements.
Allottees: Individuals or Entities Receiving Share Allocation
Comprehensive examination of allottees, detailing their role in share allocation processes, historical context, and importance in finance and investment.
Allowable Expenses: Costs that can be deducted from income to reduce taxable amount
An in-depth look at allowable expenses, including historical context, key events, types, mathematical models, charts, and practical examples. Understand the importance and applicability of allowable expenses in taxation and accounting.
Allowances: Regular Spending Amounts Explained
An in-depth exploration of allowances, including their definition, types, examples, historical context, and applicability.
Alpha (\(lpha\)): Performance Relative to a Benchmark
An in-depth look at Alpha (\(lpha\)), a measure of investment performance relative to a benchmark, including its historical context, significance, calculations, examples, and related terms.
Alpha Coefficient: A Measure of Expected Return
The Alpha Coefficient is a measure used in finance to evaluate the expected return of a share in comparison to shares with similar systematic risks. It provides insights into the specific risk related to individual securities, distinguishing it from systematic risk.
Alternative Costs: Understanding Opportunity Cost
A detailed exploration of alternative costs, their historical context, significance in economics, and practical applications. Learn about opportunity cost, key models, examples, and more.
Alternative Reference Rates (ARR): Benchmark Rates Other Than LIBOR
A comprehensive guide to Alternative Reference Rates (ARR), their history, types, significance, and comparison to LIBOR. Includes key events, mathematical models, examples, and FAQs.
American Depositary Receipt: Investing in Foreign Companies Made Easy
An in-depth exploration of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), their historical context, types, advantages, and impact on international investing.
American Society of Women Accountants: Pioneers in Accounting and Financial Services
The American Society of Women Accountants, now known as the Accounting and Financial Women's Alliance, is dedicated to empowering women in accounting and financial professions. This entry explores its history, contributions, and significance.
American-style Options: Options Exercisable Anytime Until Expiration
American-style options are financial derivatives that give the holder the right to exercise the option at any time before and including its expiration date. This flexibility distinguishes them from European-style options.
AML (Anti-Money Laundering): Laws, Regulations, and Procedures to Prevent Money Laundering
AML (Anti-Money Laundering) encompasses laws, regulations, and procedures designed to prevent money laundering activities, ensuring the financial system is protected from illicit funds.
Amortization Schedule: Loan Repayment Plan
An in-depth exploration of amortization schedules, detailing how and when loan repayments are made, including formulas, examples, and key considerations.
Amortizing Bonds: Bonds that include both interest and principal in periodic payments
An in-depth look into amortizing bonds, exploring their historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, charts, importance, applicability, examples, and related terms.
Amortizing Loan: A Comprehensive Overview
A detailed examination of amortizing loans, including types, key events, formulas, charts, importance, examples, and more.
AMT Rates: Different Rates Applied to AMT Base for TMT Calculation
An in-depth analysis of Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) rates, their calculation, historical context, importance, applicability, and related terms.
Annual General Meeting: Key Event for Corporate Governance
The Annual General Meeting (AGM) is a mandatory yearly gathering of a company's interested shareholders. It primarily focuses on presenting the accounts, directors' and auditor's reports, election of directors, and decisions on dividends and remuneration.

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