Taxation

501(c)(9): Voluntary Employees' Beneficiary Associations
An overview of 501(c)(9) section of the Internal Revenue Code, where Voluntary Employees' Beneficiary Associations (VEBAs) qualify for tax-exempt status.
Accountable Plan: Tax-Exempt Employer Reimbursement
An accountable plan is an IRS-compliant arrangement wherein employer reimbursements for expenses are excluded from an employee's income, provided they meet specific requirements.
Accounting and Tax Index: A Historical Reference
A comprehensive overview of the Accounting and Tax Index, including its historical context, evolution, significance, and its transition to the online database ProQuest Accounting and Tax.
Ad Valorem Tax: Proportional Price-based Tax
Ad Valorem Tax is a tax proportional to the price of the object being taxed. This article explores the concept, types, applications, historical context, and significance of Ad Valorem Tax.
Advance Corporation Tax: An Overview
A historical tax payment method that required companies to pay an advance on corporation tax when distributing dividends. Abolished on 6 April 1999, it has since been replaced by an instalment-based system for larger companies.
Amended Return: Making Corrections or Adjustments for Errors in a Previous Tax Return
An amended return is a form filed to make corrections or adjustments for errors in a previously filed tax return. This entry explains the definition, types, special considerations, examples, historical context, applicability, comparisons, related terms, FAQs, and references.
AMT System: Ensuring Minimum Tax Payment
The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) System is designed to ensure that taxpayers pay at least a minimum amount of tax despite deductions and credits.
Annual Investment Allowance: Capital Allowance for Businesses
The Annual Investment Allowance (AIA) allows businesses to offset 100% of their capital expenditure in a year against corporation tax, within set limits.
Balancing Charge: Taxation on Asset Disposal
An in-depth look into balancing charges in corporation tax, including definitions, types, examples, historical context, importance, and considerations.
Basis Period: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Tax Assessment
Explore the concept of the basis period in tax assessment, including its historical context, types, key events, explanations, formulas, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, famous quotes, jargon, FAQs, and more.
Benefit in Kind: Non-Cash Employee Benefits
A comprehensive guide to understanding Benefits in Kind, non-cash benefits provided to employees, and their taxation implications.
Burden: Economic Perspectives on Debt and Taxes
An in-depth exploration of the concept of 'burden' in economic contexts, particularly focusing on debt burden and tax burden, including definitions, impacts, examples, and related terms.
Capital Allowance: Tax Relief for Capital Expenditures
An in-depth guide to understanding Capital Allowance, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical formulas, diagrams, and applications in business.
Capital Allowances: Tax Relief on Business Investments
Comprehensive guide to Capital Allowances, a form of tax relief available for businesses that invest in capital assets such as plant and machinery, industrial buildings, and long-life assets.
Capital Gains Tax: Understanding Its Implications and Mechanisms
A comprehensive guide to Capital Gains Tax, its history, mechanisms, types, and importance, along with real-world examples and explanations.
Capital Loss: Understanding Allowable Capital Losses
An in-depth exploration of capital loss, its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, formulas, charts, importance, applicability, and more.
Capital Transfers: An Overview of Asset Transfers
Capital transfers refer to the transfer of assets between individuals, commonly through gifts or bequests, which recipients view as additions to their capital rather than income. Historically subject to the Capital Transfer Tax in the UK until replaced by Inheritance Tax in 1986.
Cascade Tax: A Comprehensive Overview
A detailed analysis of Cascade Tax, its historical context, types, key events, mathematical formulas, charts, importance, applicability, examples, and more.
Chargeable Assets: Understanding Taxable Property
An in-depth guide to Chargeable Assets, including definitions, historical context, key events, types, and related financial considerations.
Chargeable Gain: Taxable Capital Gains
An in-depth look at Chargeable Gains in the UK, detailing their historical context, classifications, events, mathematical models, importance, and examples, along with related terms and FAQs.
Chargeable Transfer: Understanding Inheritance Tax Implications
A detailed overview of chargeable transfers, including their definition, context, implications, and examples within the realm of inheritance tax.
Chartered Institute of Taxation: Premier Taxation Body
The Chartered Institute of Taxation (CIOT) is a leading professional organization for tax practitioners in the UK, known for setting high standards in the taxation field.
Chattel Exemption: Understanding Exemption from Capital Gains Tax
A comprehensive guide to chattel exemption, which applies to gains from the disposal of chattels, i.e., items of moveable personal property, below £6000, excluding wasting assets.
CIOT: The Leading Professional Body for Tax Advisers in the UK
The Chartered Institute of Taxation (CIOT) is the leading professional body for tax advisers in the UK. This article explores its historical context, roles, and importance in the field of taxation.
CIOT: Chartered Institute of Taxation
An in-depth look at the Chartered Institute of Taxation, its historical context, key events, importance, and applicability in the field of taxation.
Combined Income: Taxation Reference Measure
Combined Income represents the total of Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) plus 50% of Social Security benefits, used to determine the taxable portion of the Social Security benefits.
Consortium Relief: A Detailed Overview
Consortium Relief is a tax mechanism allowing loss transfers between consortium members and the consortium company under specific ownership and shareholding conditions.
Construction Industry Scheme: Overview and Key Details
The Construction Industry Scheme (CIS) outlines statutory provisions for tax deductions in the construction industry, implemented on 6 April 2007.
Constructive Receipt: Tax Principle on Income Availability
Constructive Receipt is a tax principle requiring income to be taxed when it is made available to a taxpayer without restrictions.
Controlled Foreign Company: Comprehensive Overview and Importance
A detailed encyclopedia article on Controlled Foreign Company (CFC), encompassing its definition, historical context, key regulations, and applicability in tax planning for UK-resident companies.
Corporate Income Tax: An In-depth Exploration
A comprehensive guide to corporate income tax, its historical context, categories, key events, formulas, and its significance in economics and finance.
CTT: Capital Transfer Tax Explained
An in-depth guide to Capital Transfer Tax, including historical context, types, key events, formulas, examples, and related terms.
Current-Year Basis: Tax Assessment Method
The basis of assessment of profits for tax purposes in the UK, where tax is charged in a fiscal year on profits arising in the accounts for the period ending in that tax year. Compare preceding-year basis.
Debt Forgiveness Income: Understanding Tax Implications and Real-World Applications
A comprehensive guide on debt forgiveness income, its tax implications, types, key events, examples, and considerations. Understand how forgiven debt is treated as taxable income and its significance in personal finance and business.
Deregistration: Ceasing to be Registered for Value Added Tax
An in-depth exploration of the process, requirements, and implications of deregistration for Value Added Tax (VAT) when a taxable person ceases to make taxable supplies.
Determination Letters: Resolving Specific Tax Status Issues
An in-depth look at Determination Letters, issued by the IRS to resolve specific issues, often related to the status of tax-exempt organizations.
Directors or Higher-Paid Employees: UK Tax Law Definition and Implications
A comprehensive overview of Directors or Higher-Paid Employees under UK tax law, including definitions, historical context, types of benefits, compliance requirements, and important considerations for employers.
Dividend Allowance: Tax-Free Dividend Income Limit
An overview of the tax-free dividend income limit, including its historical context, applicability, and key considerations.
Dual-Status Alien: An Individual with Mixed Tax Residency Status Within a Year
A Dual-Status Alien is an individual who spends part of the year as a resident alien for tax purposes and part as a nonresident alien, subject to different tax rules and obligations.
Economic Nexus: A Critical Concept in Modern Taxation
Economic Nexus defines a tax obligation for remote sellers based on significant sales revenue within a state, regardless of physical presence.
Election to Waive Exemption: A Comprehensive Guide
Detailed exploration of the election to waive exemption, its historical context, types, key events, explanations, formulas, diagrams, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, inspirational stories, famous quotes, proverbs, expressions, jargon, FAQs, references, and a summary.
Equal Sacrifice: Taxation Principle Explained
The principle of Equal Sacrifice states that the tax burden should be allocated across individuals so that each makes an equal sacrifice, measured in various terms such as consumption or utility. This concept raises questions about the measurement of sacrifice and interpersonal comparisons of utility.
Estate Duty: Historical Tax on Estates in the UK
Estate Duty was a tax formerly levied on the estate of a deceased person in the United Kingdom. It has since been replaced by other forms of taxation.
Estate Tax vs. Inheritance Tax: Key Differences and Definitions
Understanding the critical differences between Estate Tax and Inheritance Tax, including their definitions, applications, and legal implications.
Estimated Assessment: Understanding Tax Estimations and Appeals
An overview of estimated assessment, a method used by HM Revenue to determine taxes based on estimated profits or income, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and examples.
Exempt Supply: Goods or Services Not Subject to VAT
An in-depth look at exempt supplies, which are goods and services not subject to Value Added Tax (VAT), commonly found in sectors like healthcare, education, and finance.
Expenditure Tax: Overview and Implications
An exploration of expenditure tax, a consumption-based tax alternative to income tax, discussing its history, types, key events, and implications for economic growth and savings.
First-Year Allowances (FYA): Immediate Deductions for Specific Assets
Comprehensive overview of First-Year Allowances (FYA) in taxation, including historical context, key events, explanations, applicability, examples, and more.
Form 1139: Corporate Refund Claims for Tentative Carryback Adjustments
Form 1139, also known as the 'Corporate Application for Tentative Refund,' is used by corporations to apply for a quick refund of taxes due to a net operating loss (NOL) carryback or an unused general business credit carryback.
Form 8824: Reporting Like-Kind Exchanges
Form 8824 is an IRS form used to report like-kind exchanges of property, particular transactions that are tax-deferred under Internal Revenue Code Section 1031.
Form W-2: The Employer’s Wage and Tax Statement
An in-depth look at Form W-2, the document employers use to report employees' annual wages and the amount of taxes withheld from their paycheck.
Franked Investment Income: Tax-Efficient Distribution
An in-depth look at Franked Investment Income, a tax-efficient distribution mechanism that allowed dividends to be transferred between UK companies without incurring additional taxes.
GAAR: General Anti-Abuse Rule
A comprehensive guide to understanding the General Anti-Abuse Rule (GAAR), its implications, types, historical context, importance, and more.
Generation-Skipping Transfer (GST): Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth look at Generation-Skipping Transfer (GST), including historical context, types, key events, explanations, mathematical models, applicability, and examples.
Genuine Commercial Reasons: An Essential Element in Tax Law
A detailed exploration of 'Genuine Commercial Reasons' in the context of tax law, including definitions, historical context, key events, and applications.
Gift Tax: Understanding Its Importance and Implications
A comprehensive overview of Gift Tax, including its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, examples, and related terms.
Gift with Reservation: A Comprehensive Guide
A detailed exploration of the concept of 'Gift with Reservation', including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, examples, and important considerations.
Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI): A Category of Income Earned by CFCs Subject to U.S. Tax
An in-depth exploration of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI), a provision of the U.S. tax code that targets the income of Controlled Foreign Corporations (CFCs). Learn about its historical context, implications, and detailed mechanics.
Green Card Test: Threshold for Residency
An explanation of the Green Card Test and its role in determining U.S. residency status for tax purposes.
Group Relief: Tax Relief for Corporate Groups
Group Relief allows companies within a 75% group to transfer qualifying losses, reducing the overall tax liability by setting losses against profits of other group members.
Herd Basis: An Election to Treat a Production Herd as a Capital Asset
An in-depth exploration of the Herd Basis election, its historical context, application in agriculture, and implications for tax liability and accounting.
Higher Rate of Income Tax: Detailed Overview and Impact
An in-depth exploration of the higher rate of income tax, including its historical context, categories, key events, formulas, charts, importance, examples, and considerations. We cover related terms, interesting facts, famous quotes, and FAQs for a comprehensive understanding.
Horizontal Equity: Ensuring Fairness in Similar Circumstances
Horizontal equity is the principle that individuals in similar situations should be treated equally, particularly in the context of taxation.
Incentive Stock Options (ISOs): Favorable Tax Treatment for Employees
Incentive Stock Options (ISOs) are a type of employee stock option that qualifies for special tax treatment under IRS regulations. These options allow employees to purchase company stock at a predetermined price and benefit from capital gains tax rates.
Income Tax Code: Taxpayer Allowance and Calculation Tool
A comprehensive guide on the Income Tax Code, its historical context, key functionalities, calculation methods, and its significance in the PAYE scheme.
Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN): Tax Identification for Non-Eligible SSN Holders
An Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) is issued by the IRS to individuals required to have a U.S. taxpayer identification number but who are not eligible to obtain a Social Security Number (SSN).
Inheritance Tax: A Comprehensive Guide
An in-depth exploration of inheritance tax, its history, mechanisms, and implications for individuals in the UK.
Inland Revenue: The Role of Tax Authorities
A comprehensive guide on the Inland Revenue, its historical context, roles, and functions within government taxation systems.
Inspector of Taxes: A Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth exploration of the role of an Inspector of Taxes in the UK HM Revenue and Customs, including historical context, duties, significance, and related terms.
Investment Tax Credit: An Incentive for Asset Investment
Understanding the Investment Tax Credit (ITC), a tax incentive in the USA that allows businesses to offset part of the cost of a depreciable asset against their income tax in the year of purchase.
IRS e-file: The Electronic System for Filing Tax Returns
IRS e-file is the electronic system used by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for the digital submission of tax returns. Emphasizing speed and accuracy, the IRS e-file allows taxpayers to submit their returns electronically, reducing the need for paper-based filing and expediting the tax processing cycle.
IRS Form 2350: Extension for Overseas Taxpayers
IRS Form 2350 is used by U.S. citizens and resident aliens living outside the U.S. to request an extension for filing their tax return if they expect to qualify for special tax treatment.
Land Value Tax (LVT): A Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth look at Land Value Tax (LVT), its historical context, categories, key events, explanations, and applicability.
Loss Reliefs: Tax Relief Options for Financial Losses
An in-depth analysis of loss reliefs for sole traders, partnerships, and companies including types, key events, importance, applicability, and related terms.
Marginal Tax Rate: A Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth analysis of the Marginal Tax Rate, its significance in taxation, implications for economic behavior, and various calculations and considerations.
Material Advisor: Key Role in Tax Planning
An in-depth look at the role, responsibilities, and regulations surrounding Material Advisors in tax planning.
Misdeclaration Penalty: Ensuring Accurate VAT Reporting
A comprehensive overview of the misdeclaration penalty, including historical context, types, key events, explanations, models, charts, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, famous quotes, expressions, FAQs, references, and a final summary.

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