An overview of how government production contributes to national income, including services rendered by state or local authorities, public utilities, and essential public services.
An in-depth exploration of government regulation, including its history, categories, key events, models, importance, and more.
An in-depth examination of government securities, their historical context, types, key events, explanations, models, charts, and real-world examples.
An in-depth look at government spending on real goods and services, including its types, significance in the economy, historical context, and examples.
An in-depth examination of government transfer payments, including types, historical context, significance, and impact on the economy.
An in-depth exploration of Government-Owned Corporations (GOCs), encompassing their historical context, categories, key events, importance, applicability, and related terms.
Comprehensive look at Government-Owned Corporations, including their definition, types, examples, historical context, and implications.
Detailed explanation of Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs), their roles, types, historical context, and impact on credit markets.
An in-depth look at the Gower Report, its historical context, recommendations, impact on financial regulation, and its legacy in modern financial markets.
Gradualism is the belief that it is preferable to make a series of small changes in economic policy rather than a single large change. This approach is utilized to manage economic transitions smoothly and avoid potential disruptions.
An overview of Gradualist Monetarism, including its historical context, types, key events, explanations, mathematical models, importance, and applicability.
The Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act aimed to reduce the US fiscal deficit by setting legal targets for budget reductions.
Granger causality is a statistical concept used to test whether one time series can predict another. This Encyclopedia entry covers its historical context, key events, mathematical formulations, applications, and more.
An in-depth look at Grant in Aid: US federal grants to state or local governments to maintain public services in economically challenged regions or during depressions.
A comprehensive exploration of grant matching, covering historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, and related concepts.
Grant writing involves creating and submitting proposals to secure funding from foundations, corporations, or government bodies.
Funds provided by a higher level of government to support local projects or specific activities.
An exploration of grants as non-repayable financial support, including different types, special considerations, examples, historical context, applicability, comparisons, and related terms.
A comprehensive analysis of the Gravity Model theory, which explains spatial interaction patterns, including international trade and consumer behavior, governed by principles similar to gravitational forces.
A comprehensive examination of the gray economy, its types, historical context, implications, examples, related terms, and more.
A 'Gray Swan' refers to events that, while less extreme than Black Swan events, are still somewhat predictable and can have significant impacts.
The Great Depression, a worldwide economic downturn starting in the late 1920s and lasting until the mid-1930s, had profound effects on international trade, national incomes, and political landscapes.
The Great Leap Forward was an economic and social campaign initiated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1958 to 1960. The movement aimed to transform China from an agrarian society into an industrial powerhouse but led to devastating famine and human suffering.
An exploration of Green Economics, encompassing social, ecological, and economic dimensions of sustainability.
The 'Green Economy' focuses on reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, driving sustainable development while fostering economic benefits.
Green GDP adjusts the traditional measure of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by accounting for environmental degradation and resource depletion, offering a more comprehensive indicator of economic sustainability.
An in-depth exploration of the Green Pound, its history, purpose in the European Community's Common Agricultural Policy, and economic implications.
The Green Revolution marked a period of significant improvement in agricultural productivity through advanced plant varieties and agricultural practices, averting a potential food crisis and raising living standards in developing countries.
An in-depth exploration of green taxes aimed at reducing environmental harm through fiscal policies and tax reliefs.
A comprehensive overview of the 1995 Greenbury Report on corporate governance, highlighting its key recommendations, historical context, and lasting impact on corporate governance practices.
Greenfield development involves erecting new facilities on previously undeveloped land, offering benefits such as avoiding congestion but requiring investment in new infrastructure.
Greenfield Investment is a type of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) where an investor starts a new business by building operations from the ground up in a foreign country.
Greenfields refer to undeveloped land that has never been used for industrial purposes, offering a clean slate for new projects and developments.
Gresham's Law is the observation that 'bad money drives out good', based on the idea that consumers prefer to spend debased currency and hoard valuable currency. This concept is still relevant in the age of fiat money.
A 'Grey Knight' in corporate takeovers refers to a counterbidder whose ultimate intentions are undeclared, presenting an ambiguous and potentially unwelcome presence to both the target company and the original bidders.
An in-depth examination of the Grey List, which includes entities under preliminary investigation where potential irregularities are observed but not yet confirmed.
A detailed exploration of grey markets, their definitions, historical context, types, significance, implications, and related terms.
An in-depth look at grocery delivery services, including their historical context, key features, significance, and future trends.
An in-depth look into the Grocery Gap, its historical context, types, key events, explanations, models, and significance.
Gross refers to a total figure before any deductions such as capital consumption or liabilities. Common uses in economics include gross investment, gross domestic product, and gross weight.
An in-depth understanding of the Gross Debt-to-EBITDA Ratio, its calculation, implications, and applications in financial analysis.
Gross Domestic Capital Formation (GDCF) measures the total investment within a country, including both resident and non-resident contributions, without accounting for capital consumption.
A comprehensive exploration of Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation, its importance, historical context, and applications in economics.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) represents the total monetary value of all goods and services produced within an economy over a specific period. It is a crucial indicator for assessing the economic performance of a country.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a comprehensive measure of a country's economic performance, representing the total market value of all final goods and services produced within its borders over a specified period.
The GDP Deflator is a key economic metric that measures the level of price inflation across all goods and services in an economy. It helps economists and policymakers understand inflation trends and the real growth of an economy.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth measures the change in the value of all goods and services produced in an economy. It serves as a primary indicator of economic health and growth.
Gross Fixed Investment refers to the total amount spent on fixed investment, excluding any deductions for depreciation of existing capital stock. Contrasted with net fixed investment, gross fixed investment includes observable market transactions.
An in-depth explanation of Gross Investment, detailing its definition, types, importance in economics, examples, and historical context.
An in-depth exploration of gross investment, its types, significance, and distinction from net investment.
Gross Leasable Area (GLA) is a crucial metric in real estate, representing the total floor area designed for tenant occupancy. This article explores its definition, significance, calculation methods, and role in various sectors.
A comprehensive guide to understanding Gross Leaseable Area (GLA), its historical context, importance, applicability, and more.
Comprehensive coverage of Gross National Product (GNP), its historical context, calculation methods, key events, importance, and applicability, along with related terms, FAQs, and more.
The Gross National Product (GNP) measures the total market value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country in a given period. It includes incomes from activities abroad but excludes incomes from non-residents produced within the country.
Gross National Product (GNP) measures the total economic output of a country's residents, irrespective of their location, highlighting production over income.
Gross price is the total cost of a product or service before any deductions such as taxes, discounts, and other reductions. It serves as the initial price point in various financial and commercial transactions.
Gross Proceeds refers to the total amount received from a sale before any deductions, encompassing total revenue from sales without deducting costs.
Gross Receipts Tax is a form of tax levied on a company's total revenue without deductions for business expenses. Unlike sales tax, it applies to the gross revenues of a business.
Gross salary is the total salary or wages earned by an employee before any deductions such as taxes, social security, and other withholdings.
Gross Up involves converting a net amount into its equivalent gross amount, accounting for taxes or other deductions. This article explains the concept, its importance in finance and accounting, and provides formulas, examples, and related terms.
An exploration of the concept of a group in the context of business structures, particularly in UK tax law, where a group consists of a parent company and its subsidiaries, including tax implications and related concepts.
Group Buying refers to the practice where multiple individuals or businesses pool their resources to purchase goods or services in bulk to leverage cost savings and other benefits.
A group company is a collection of parent and subsidiary companies operating under a unified corporate structure, enabling cohesive management, economic benefits, and strategic synergies.
A detailed exploration of group income, focusing on inter-company dividends, tax implications, and strategic importance within corporate groups.
An informal forum for the governments of eight leading economic nations, commonly known as the Group of Eight or G8. The G8 includes Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, though Russia's membership was suspended in 2014.
An in-depth exploration of the Group of Seven (G7), an informal group of leading industrial countries that meet periodically to discuss global economic policies and challenges.
The Group of Ten (G10) is a collective of eleven industrialized nations (originally ten) that collaborate on financial matters and contribute to global financial stability.
The Group of Ten (G10) is an informal gathering of major industrial countries that convenes periodically to address global economic issues and policies. Known as the Paris Club, its members include Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Detailed insights into Group Registration for VAT, including historical context, types, key events, formulas, charts, importance, and applicability.
Groupon is an online marketplace offering a variety of deals on services and products. It revolutionized the daily deals industry by connecting consumers with local businesses through discounted offers.
Growth Accounting is a method used to determine the contribution of each factor of production to the growth of output. This article explores its historical context, types, key events, explanations, models, charts, importance, and applicability.
Explore the dynamics of growth cycles, the process of repeated shifts between periods of high and low growth rates. This article covers historical context, key events, types, detailed explanations, mathematical models, charts, and practical examples.
Comprehensive overview of Growth Models, including types like endogenous growth, Harrod--Domar growth model, and Solow growth model, their historical context, key events, mathematical formulations, and practical applications.
An in-depth look at Growth Rate, its types, historical context, importance, and applications in various fields.
Understanding the growth rate, its types, historical context, key formulas, and significance in economics and finance.
An overview of the GSA Schedule, including its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and its importance in government procurement.
A detailed exploration of Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs), with particular focus on federal agencies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
GST is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that replaces various other indirect taxes in many jurisdictions, similar in structure to VAT but may have different implementations and rates.
Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) is a social welfare policy designed to ensure all citizens receive a minimum level of cash payment, distinct from measures like Guaranteed Annual Wage which pertains to employer-employee agreements.
A comprehensive overview of Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI), exploring its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, inspirational stories, famous quotes, proverbs, expressions, jargon, slang, FAQs, references, and a final summary.
An in-depth look at Guaranteed Residual Value, its implications, historical context, types, key events, formulas, and practical examples in various sectors.
A comprehensive entry on guarantees, including their definition, types, historical context, examples, and related terms.
An in-depth exploration of the Guest Worker Program, its historical context, types, key events, relevance, and its impact on economics and society.
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is a regional intergovernmental political and economic union comprising Arab states of the Persian Gulf, established in 1981. Its purpose is to enhance cooperation and integration among member states.
A detailed exploration of haberdashery, focusing on its history, significance, types, key events, and related terms.
An exploration of habit persistence in economics, examining how past consumption affects present utility and implications for consumer behavior.
Haggling, also known as dickering, is the process of negotiating the price between a buyer and a seller to reach a mutually agreeable outcome.
Understanding the reduction applied to the value of collateral to account for risk in financial transactions.
A comprehensive look into the Halsey Plan, a wage incentive model providing workers with a fixed percentage of the time saved.
Understanding the hammer price, the final bid price in an auction, and its implications.
A report issued in 1998 by a committee under the chairmanship of Sir Ronald Hampel, reviewing the implementation of the Cadbury Code and Greenbury recommendations and consolidating them into a new Corporate Governance Code.
A comprehensive look at handicappers, professionals who calculate the odds and spreads for bets, including their history, methods, and impact on betting.
The Happiness Index is an index that measures the level of happiness, or contentment, in a society by combining subjective contentment with a range of objective indices.
A geometric representation of the economic loss of welfare caused by market failure or government failure, visualized through price-quantity diagrams and key economic curves.
A limit to spending by some private or public body, where breaching it has significant consequences such as job loss or firm closure. A concept fundamental in financial management, especially evident in privatization policies.
An in-depth exploration of metals and energy resources like gold, oil, and natural gas, covering historical context, types, key events, and their importance in global markets.
A comprehensive exploration of hard commodities, including their historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, economic models, importance, examples, and related terms.
A comprehensive analysis of hard currency, its historical context, key events, importance, applicability, and related concepts in the realm of global finance.
A detailed examination of hard currencies, their importance, historical context, and implications in global economics.
An in-depth look into the HARD ECU proposal for a European Currency Unit designed to be resilient against devaluation, its historical context, implications, and eventual supersession by the euro.
