Economics

Selling Price: Definition and Detailed Explanation
The price at which a product, good, asset, or security is sold to a customer or buyer. It directly impacts the realized gain or loss for the seller.
Sensitivity Analysis: Examining the Impact of Variables
A form of analysis used in decision making, in which possible changes to the variables are fed into the calculations to examine the range of possible outcomes and to determine the sensitivity of the projected results to these changes.
SEPA: Standardizing Euro Payments Across Member States
An initiative by the European Union to standardize euro payments across the member states, facilitating smooth and efficient financial transactions.
SEPA: The Single Euro Payments Area for Streamlined Euro Transactions
The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is a payment-integration initiative of the European Union aimed at simplifying bank transfers denominated in euros. It facilitates seamless and secure financial transactions across member states.
Separate Taxation of Wife's Earnings: Historical Tax Practice
A historical tax election available before April 1990, allowing spouses to treat the wife's earnings separately from the husband's for tax reduction purposes.
Separating Equilibrium: Analyzing Differences in Strategic Actions
A comprehensive analysis of separating equilibrium, a concept where agents with different characteristics opt for distinct actions, often illustrated in markets like insurance where high-risk and low-risk agents choose different contracts.
SERPS: State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme
A detailed exploration of SERPS, the State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme, its history, key events, and its importance in the context of retirement planning.
Service: An Overview of Economic Goods in the Form of Labor and Expertise
An in-depth exploration of services as economic goods, encompassing various types including professional, trade, and consumer services, along with their growing impact on national income.
Service Area: A Geographical Scope of Service Provision
Service Area defined as a region where a company provides its services or support, commonly utilized in utility and healthcare sectors.
Service Contract: Comprehensive Overview
A detailed exploration of service contracts, their types, historical context, key elements, applicability, and more.
Service Diversification: Expanding the Range of Services Offered
An in-depth look into the concept of Service Diversification, covering historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and its importance in the business world.
Service Flows: Understanding the Role of Consumer Durables
Exploration of the concept of service flows, focusing on how consumer durables render services over time, their impact on national income accounts, and their influence on consumption during economic cycles.
Service Focus: Definition and Implications
An in-depth exploration of Service Focus, particularly its role in community-level services and the comparative emphasis in credit unions on broad member service.
Service Industry: Overview and Importance
The Service Industry encompasses various parts of the economy that provide services to individuals and businesses. It is a significant component of the tertiary sector, playing a vital role in advanced economies.
Service Potential: Understanding the Extent of Asset Utility in Achieving Objectives
An in-depth exploration of service potential, a crucial concept in asset management for public sector and not-for-profit organizations, detailing its calculation, historical context, applicability, and more.
Servicemen's Readjustment Act: The G.I. Bill
An in-depth examination of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, commonly known as the G.I. Bill, which provided comprehensive benefits to World War II veterans.
Services: The Intangible Economic Goods
An exploration of services, their types, historical context, key events, detailed explanations, and importance in the economy.
Set-Aside Contracts: Stimulating Small Business Participation in Public Contracts
Comprehensive exploration of set-aside contracts, including their historical context, types, key events, and significance in fostering small business involvement in government procurement.
Settlement: Financial Completion Process
The act of completing a trade contract involving the payment for or delivery of goods, securities, or currency, often facilitated by set dates or rolling settlement systems.
Settlement Risk: Understanding Counterparty Failures
Explore the concept of Settlement Risk, its types, key events, detailed explanations, and methods to mitigate this risk in financial markets.
Seventh Company Law Directive: Consolidated Financial Statements
An overview of the Seventh Company Law Directive, focusing on its historical context, requirements for consolidated financial statements, and its significance in corporate governance.
Several Liability: An In-Depth Exploration
An in-depth exploration of several liability, its historical context, types, key events, formulas, importance, applicability, and related terms.
Severance: Compensation Provided After Termination
Severance refers to the compensation provided to an employee after their employment is terminated, often as part of a severance package that may include additional benefits.
Severe Long-term Restrictions: Impact on Holding Companies and Subsidiaries
An in-depth look at severe long-term restrictions that hinder the exercise of the rights of a holding company over the assets or management of a subsidiary undertaking, including their implications and related concepts.
SEZs: Broad Industrial and Commercial Free Zones with Diverse Economic Activities
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are designated areas in countries that possess special economic regulations different from other regions within the same country. These regulations often include tax breaks, more lenient environmental regulations, and other economic incentives to attract foreign direct investment and encourage domestic businesses.
SFAS: Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
A comprehensive overview of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS), including historical context, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical formulas/models, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, famous quotes, FAQs, and more.
Shadow Bank: An Unregulated Financial Intermediary
An in-depth exploration of shadow banks, unregistered financial intermediaries providing credit-facilitating services outside traditional banking regulations.
Shadow Banking: Non-Bank Financial Activities
Shadow Banking refers to financial activities conducted by non-bank financial institutions that resemble traditional banking but occur outside standard regulatory frameworks.
Shadow Price: Opportunity Costs in Linear Programming
An in-depth look at shadow prices in linear programming, including historical context, types, key events, explanations, formulas, diagrams, applicability, and related terms.
Shadow Prices: True Opportunity Costs
An in-depth exploration of shadow prices, their relevance in economic analysis, and their role in reflecting true opportunity costs in the presence of externalities and market failures.
Shake-Out: The Process of Removing Resources from Sectors of the Economy
A comprehensive article on the economic process of Shake-Out, including historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, diagrams, importance, applicability, examples, and more.
Shallow Discount Bond: A Comprehensive Overview
A Shallow Discount Bond is issued at a price exceeding 90% of its face value, with the discount not exceeding 10%. This article explores its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, and applicability.
Shapley Value: Fair Allocation in Cooperative Games
An in-depth look into the Shapley value, a method for determining fair allocation in cooperative games, its historical context, computation process, and real-world applications.
Share Buybacks: A Comprehensive Guide
An in-depth look at share buybacks, including their historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, benefits, and applications.
Share Capital: Comprehensive Guide
An in-depth look at Share Capital, its types, historical context, key events, mathematical models, and its importance in the corporate finance framework.
Share Capital: The Backbone of Corporate Financing
A detailed look into Share Capital, its types, significance in corporate financing, historical context, key events, mathematical models, importance, and applications.
Share Issued at a Premium: Understanding the Concept
An in-depth exploration of shares issued at a premium, their historical context, key events, detailed explanations, and their importance in finance and investments.
Share Option: An Incentive Tool for Employees and Directors
An in-depth exploration of share options, including their definition, types, historical context, key events, explanations, mathematical models, and their significance in the financial and corporate world.
Sharecropper: A System of Agricultural Tenancy
An in-depth look at sharecropping, a system where tenants pay rent as a share of the crops produced, sharing risks with landlords but facing investment disincentives.
Shareholder Liability: Limited Responsibility in Corporations
An in-depth exploration of the concept of Shareholder Liability, emphasizing the restricted nature of financial responsibility borne by shareholders within corporate structures.
Shareholder Theory: Focuses on Maximizing Shareholder Wealth
A comprehensive examination of the Shareholder Theory, its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, related terms, comparisons, and interesting facts.
Shareholder Value: Maximizing Value for Shareholders
An approach to business planning that prioritizes increasing the value of shares for shareholders over other business objectives, involving dividend payments, appreciation of shares, and other strategies.
Shareholders: Definition, Types, and Roles
Detailed explanation of shareholders, including their definition, types, roles, rights, historical context, and FAQs.
Shelf Life: Duration of Usability and Quality
Shelf life refers to the period during which an item remains usable, fit for consumption, or saleable, affecting both perishable and non-perishable items.
Shell Company: Legal Existence without Trading Activities
A comprehensive exploration of shell companies, their historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, related terms, and more.
Sheltered Monopoly: An Overview
An in-depth exploration of sheltered monopolies, their historical context, types, key events, models, importance, and real-world examples.
Shenzhen Stock Exchange: Financial Powerhouse in China
A comprehensive look at the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, its history, significance, structure, and role in global finance.
Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE): Another Major Stock Exchange in China
The Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) is one of the major stock exchanges in China, facilitating a vast range of securities trading, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and derivatives.
Sherman Act: The Original US Federal Antitrust Legislation
The Sherman Act of 1890 was the first US federal legislation designed to curb concentrations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition. It aimed to prohibit anticompetitive agreements and monopolistic practices.
Shift Premium: Extra Pay for Working Non-standard Hours
An in-depth look into shift premiums, which are additional payments made to employees who work outside standard business hours. This article covers the historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, applicability, examples, and much more.
Shift Work: Work Scheduled in Rotational Shifts
Shift Work involves work schedules that allow multiple sets of workers to use the same equipment or workspace in a day, especially in capital-intensive and essential service industries.
Shirkah: Partnership in Islamic Finance
Shirkah, a term used in Islamic finance, refers to a partnership where two or more parties collaborate by pooling their resources and share profits and losses according to their agreement.
Shirking: Avoiding Work or Duty
Shirking, a term used to describe the act of avoiding work or duty, is a concept that appears in various fields such as economics, management, and social sciences. This entry explores its definition, implications, and related concepts.
Shock: Unexpected Economic Events
An in-depth exploration of the concept of 'Shock' in economics, including types, key events, mathematical models, applicability, and related terms.
Shoe-Leather Costs of Inflation: Economic Impact of Managing Cash Holdings
An in-depth exploration of the shoe-leather costs of inflation, which include increased transaction costs due to frequent trips to the bank and other cash management strategies to mitigate the impact of inflation.
Shopping Mall: A Larger, Enclosed Shopping Area with a Wide Variety of Stores
Explore the historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, and significant aspects of shopping malls. Learn about their importance, examples, related terms, interesting facts, and much more.
Short Run: Economic Timeframe
An in-depth look at the concept of the short run in both microeconomics and macroeconomics, examining its historical context, applications, and importance.
Short Sea Shipping: Efficient and Sustainable Maritime Transport
Explore the concept of Short Sea Shipping, its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical models, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, and interesting facts in this comprehensive encyclopedia article.
Short-Run Average Cost (SRAC): Cost per Unit with Fixed Inputs
Understanding the concept of Short-Run Average Cost (SRAC), which refers to the average cost per unit of output when at least one input is fixed.
Short-Run Capital Movements: An Overview
Movements of capital between countries which can be quickly reversed, often involving liquid assets and influenced by interest rates, exchange rate expectations, and political instability.
Short-Run Marginal Cost: Economics Concept
A detailed exploration of short-run marginal cost, its importance in economic analysis, historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, practical examples, related terms, and more.
Short-Term Rental: Brief Overview
Comprehensive guide to Short-Term Rentals, focusing on their definition, types, benefits, regulatory considerations, and impact on the real estate market.
Short-Termism: Emphasizing Short-Run Over Long-Run Results
Short-termism refers to the conduct of a business or financial institution that overly prioritizes short-term gains at the expense of long-term investments and sustainability. It manifests through insufficient spending on research and development, staff training, and long-term projects. This concept, while inherently subjective, has significant implications across industries and financial institutions.
Short-Time Working: A Viable Alternative to Layoffs
Short-Time Working involves reducing working hours instead of laying off employees, maintaining workforce contact and skills during periods of low demand.
Shortage: Economic Imbalance
An in-depth exploration of the concept of shortage, a situation where the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied at a given price.
Shortage: An Economic Phenomenon
Understanding the concept of shortage, its causes, types, key events, and implications in economics and other fields.
Shut-down Price: Economics Concept
An in-depth exploration of the shut-down price in economics, its significance, mathematical representation, and real-world application.
Shuttle Trade: Cross-Border Retail Trade and Arbitrage
A comprehensive exploration of Shuttle Trade, its historical context, types, key events, methodologies, and its significance in modern and historical economies.
SIC Code: Standard Industrial Classification Codes
An in-depth look at Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes used to classify industries by a four-digit code system, before being replaced by the NAICS system.
SIC Codes: Standard Industrial Classification Codes
An in-depth exploration of Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes, their history, types, key events, importance, and applications in various sectors.
Sickness Benefit: Financial Support During Illness
A comprehensive overview of Sickness Benefit, a financial aid for workers unable to work due to illness. It includes historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, charts, importance, applicability, examples, and more.
Side-Effects: Unintended Results of Policies
A comprehensive exploration of side-effects, particularly within economic and policy contexts. Understanding both undesirable and beneficial side-effects of decisions and their wide-reaching impacts.

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