An in-depth exploration of the graduated wage system, a salary structure where wages increase incrementally based on job grade, seniority, experience, or performance.
An overview of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Amendment, a federal legislation passed in 1986 aimed at reducing budget deficits by setting deficit reduction goals and mandating expenditure reductions if Congress fails to meet these goals.
Gratis refers to something provided without any cost, charge, or consideration. It's commonly used to describe services or products that are offered freely, without expecting anything in return.
An additional sum of money given by a customer to a service worker for their good service.
An in-depth look at the gray market, where products are sold by unauthorized dealers, often at discounted prices, with potential warranty and usage complications.
The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until World War II. Characterized by a massive decline in economic activity and high unemployment rates, it had profound social and political impacts worldwide.
An in-depth look at the term 'Greenback,' its history, significance, and broader implications in the context of U.S. paper currency.
Gresham's Law is an economic principle that states bad money drives out good money in circulation, particularly when people hoard currency with higher intrinsic value and spend lower quality currency.
Gross refers to the highest amount, as in sales or income, and also represents a quantity of merchandise amounting to 12 dozen or 144 units.
Gross Amount refers to the total sum of something before accounting for any deductions such as costs, taxes, or losses. It provides insight into the initial total figure, which can be essential for various financial, economic, and management evaluations.
Comprehensive explanation on the definition, types, applications, and considerations of Gross Billing in advertising and communications.
An in-depth look at Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the market value of goods and services produced by labor and property in the United States, and its evolution and significance.
Comprehensive analysis of Real GDP, its correction for inflation, and its importance in meaningful economic comparisons across different years.
Gross earnings refer to the total amount of an employee's salary or wages before any deductions such as taxes, Social Security, and employee benefit contributions.
A comprehensive overview of Gross Federal Debt, its components, and its implications for the economy. Learn about how Gross Federal Debt influences public and private sectors, historical context, and more.
Gross National Expenditure (GNE): Definition, Components, Examples, and Differences from GDP. Learn about the total expenditure within an economy, including public and private spending.
Insight into the Gross National Product (GNP), its components, calculation methods, its relationship with GDP, historical context, and applications in economic analysis.
A detailed examination of the Gross Ton, a unit of weight equivalent to 2,240 pounds in the Avoirdupois system. Explore its historical context, applications, and related terms in various fields.
The Group of 20, also known as the G-20, is a forum of finance ministers and central bank governors from 19 countries and the European Union. Established in 1999, it aims to address global economic issues, promote stability, and include emerging markets in the dialogue.
An in-depth explanation of Growth Accounting, a methodology used in economics to isolate the impact of various industries and factors on the growth of an economy.
The Guaranteed Annual Wage (GAW) plan provided by employers ensures eligible employees receive a minimum amount of work or pay annually, contingent upon meeting specific requirements.
A comprehensive explanation of what a guaranty involves, its different types, historical context, applicability, comparisons, related terms, and FAQs.
A comprehensive overview of guest workers, individuals brought in from other countries to address labor shortages within a nation, including their types, roles, historical context, and related concepts.
A comprehensive overview of guilds, their historical context, functions, and modern associations.
An Overview of the Halsey Premium Plan, its historical context, objectives, and implications for modern business practices. Devised by Frederick A. Halsey in the late 19th century, this system aimed to address inefficiencies and management rate cutting associated with the piece-rate system.
A comprehensive guide to the handling allowance in business transactions, including definitions, examples, historical context, and applicability.
An in-depth look into the term 'Hard Cash,' which historically referred to coins made from precious metals and now generally indicates any readily accessible money, including paper currency and coins.
Hard currency refers to a currency recognized internationally for its stability and widespread acceptability in global transactions. Notable examples include the U.S. dollar, the Swiss franc, the German mark, and the Japanese yen.
A detailed explanation of the term 'Hard Dollars', contrasting it with 'Soft Money' and 'Hard Money'.
A comprehensive guide on durable merchandise including televisions, appliances, hardware, furniture, and recording equipment.
Understanding Hard Money, its importance in global economies, and how it contrasts with soft money, including examples and historical context.
Learn about hard sell techniques, their historical context, efficacy, ethical considerations, and comparisons with soft sell methods in professional selling.
Comprehensive guide on hard-core unemployed individuals, their challenges, socio-economic impacts, and potential solutions.
A comprehensive look at Hardship Distribution, a provision under Section 401(k) plans allowing for withdrawals in case of immediate and heavy financial needs.
An in-depth understanding of Headline Inflation, its measurement through CPI and PPI, its significance, historical context, and comparison with Core Inflation.
Heavy Industry refers to traditional production industries such as auto, steel, rubber, petroleum, and raw materials, which require high capitalization and involve large-scale production.
An in-depth look at hedging strategies used to offset business or investment risk, including definitions, types, examples, historical context, and the tax treatment of hedging income and losses.
A comprehensive guide to help wanted advertising, its economic significance, historical context, and applicability.
The Hemline Theory is a whimsical and often speculative concept suggesting that stock prices move in the same general direction as the hemlines of women's dresses. It posits that short skirts are bullish indicators while longer dresses signify bearish trends.
An in-depth exploration of heterogeneous, which defines systems, entities, or mixtures composed of distinct and varied parts. This term finds significant application in fields like mathematics, economics, and science.
Hidden Inflation refers to a pricing strategy where a company increases prices without changing the nominal cost of goods, typically by reducing the quantity or quality of the product offered. This tactic can have significant economic implications.
A comprehensive exploration into the concept of high leveraging in business and investment, including its implications, risks, and strategies.
Hoarding refers to the excess accumulation of commodities or currency in anticipation of scarcity and/or higher prices. This entry delves into its various aspects, types, historical context, and implications.
The Hockey Stick Projection refers to the expectation of sharply increasing earnings following a period of modest growth, described by the distinctive shape of the graph produced by plotting the dollar amount of earnings over time.
A holdout is an individual who refrains from selling an asset in the initial stages of negotiation, aiming to achieve the highest possible price.
Comprehensive definition and exploration of homeownership, its benefits and drawbacks, historical context, related terms, and frequently asked questions.
The Homeownership Rate is a crucial metric representing the percentage ratio of owner-occupied dwelling units to total occupied dwelling units in an area, reflecting economic trends, social structures, and housing markets.
In-depth exploration of the concept of a homestead, including modern homestead exemption laws, its historical context, and applicability in bankruptcy proceedings.
A detailed exploration of the concept of homogeneous, emphasizing its uniformity in composition and form, and its implications in various fields like economics, manufacturing, and organizational development.
An in-depth exploration of homogeneous oligopoly where product differentiation among producers is minimal. Examples include the petroleum industry and network television.
An honorarium is a fee paid by an organization to a professional for performing a service. It is typically given to guest lecturers, advisors, or speakers for their contributions.
A comprehensive explanation of the Hope Scholarship Credit, its purpose, how it was utilized in education financing, and how it was replaced by the American Opportunity Tax Credit in 2008.
Horizontal Analysis is a time series analysis technique used in financial statements to evaluate the percentage change in an account over multiple accounting periods.
Horizontal Channel Integration is a strategy in which a company seeks ownership or increased control over some of its competitors to enhance market power, efficiency, and competitive edge.
Horizontal Combination refers to the merging of companies operating in the same industry to enhance market power, reduce competition, and achieve economies of scale.
Horizontal Conflict refers to the conflict between competitors within the same marketing channel, often resulting in market oversaturation and intense competition.
Understand the horizontal expansion in business, which involves expanding capacity through absorption of facilities or buildings and acquisition of new equipment to handle increased sales volume.
Horizontal Integration refers to a company's strategy to dominate a market at one stage of the production process by monopolizing resources. Explore the types, benefits, examples, and comparisons with vertical integration.
Horizontal Integration refers to the strategy where a firm absorbs other firms operating at the same level in the supply chain, aiming to consolidate resources, achieve economies of scale, and enhance market power.
Horizontal mergers involve the merging of companies with similar functions in the production or sale of comparable products. This type of merger is often closely monitored by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) due to its potentially anticompetitive nature.
A horizontal union is a type of craft union that includes all workers in a particular craft or skill throughout an industry, region, or country.
A hostile takeover refers to the acquisition of a company against the current management and board of directors' wishes. This maneuver is executed by another company or a well-financed raider and often involves shareholders accepting offers over management resistance.
An in-depth exploration of federal income tax and Social Security tax requirements for household workers in the United States.
The Housing Affordability Index is a key indicator used to determine the proportion of the population that can afford to buy an average-priced home in a particular area. Learn about its components, types, significance, and more.
A detailed overview of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, its provisions, implications, and impact on the housing market and government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs).
Housing completions are a key housing market indicator defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, representing the number of new housing units completed and ready for occupancy during a specific reporting period.
A comprehensive overview of Housing Finance Agencies, their functions, operations, and impact on housing assistance in the United States.
An estimate of the number of dwelling units on which construction has begun during a stated period.
A huckster is a seller of a good or service who will try to sell anything by making misleading promises and assurances.
Human Capital encompasses the skills, knowledge, health, and attributes embodied in individuals that contribute to their economic productivity. Key investments in human capital include education, health care, and training.
A comprehensive definition and exploration of the term 'Hundred-Percent Location', which refers to a prime real estate location known for attracting the maximum possible customers and businesses.
Hyperinflation is an extreme form of inflation characterized by a very high and typically accelerating rate, leading to the currency becoming virtually worthless.
The Industrial Development Board (IDB) is a governmental or quasi-governmental entity that promotes industrial growth and economic development through policy implementation and funding programs.
An insightful explanation of Ideal Capacity, including its definition, significance in economics and management, implications on fixed costs, and how it compares to actual capacity.
An overview of the concept of Immediate Run in economics where firms cannot make adjustments in response to changes in market conditions.
An in-depth exploration of impaired capital, including its definition, types, examples, historical context, and more.
An Imperfect Competitor is a consumer or supplier with the ability to control prices due to their significant market share, exhibiting monopoly or monopsony traits.
An in-depth definition and analysis of imperfect markets, where individual producers or consumers can affect the price and quantity of goods.
Imperialism refers to the policy or practice by which a country or empire extends its power and influence over other countries, often through colonization, military force, or other means of domination.
Implicit cost elements represent the opportunity costs associated with the utilization of a company's resources, reflecting lost potential gains from alternative uses.
An in-depth look at the term 'Import,' its definitions, historical context, practical applications, and significance in various fields such as economics, information technology, and data management.
An overview and detailed explanation of import duties, with reference to tariffs and their implications.
Import quotas are restrictions set by governments or other entities to control the amount of a specific good that can enter a country or economy over a specified period.
A comprehensive analysis of imposition, covering its dual meanings of excessive demands and the levying of taxes or fines, with examples and context.
Imputed income refers to the economic benefit a taxpayer obtains through the performance of their own services or the use of their own property. Generally, imputed income is not subject to income taxes under current tax law.
Imputed value or imputed income refers to a logical or implicit value that is not recorded in any account, such as projected future figures for incomplete data periods or unearned potential returns from cash invested unproductively.
An in-depth exploration of the term 'In Kind', its different usages, historical context, and its applications in various fields.
In-kind distribution refers to the distribution of assets or property instead of selling assets and distributing the cash proceeds.
In-kind income refers to benefits or services received for which no direct monetary payment is required by the recipient. Examples include public education, non-toll roads, and food stamps.
An incentive fee is a payment given as a motivation for individuals to participate in a test-marketing audience group.
Incentive Pay is a wage system that rewards a worker for achieving productivity above an established standard, as a variation of the piece-rate system developed by Frederick W. Taylor.
An incentive wage plan is a compensation system where wages increase with productivity beyond an established standard, aimed at fostering both individual and team performance.
The Incidence of Tax refers to the distribution of the burden of paying a tax. For instance, smokers bear the incidence of tobacco taxes.
Incidence of Tax refers to the analysis of economic effects of tax burdens on different stakeholders, determining who ultimately bears the financial cost—producers, consumers, or others.
A comprehensive overview of 'Income', including its types, historical context, applications, and related terms. Ideal for anyone seeking detailed knowledge on financial inflows and their classifications.
Exploring the income effect in economics, which describes how a change in the price of a good affects the purchasing power of a consumer, enabling them to buy more or less of other goods.
Income Elasticity of Demand explains how the quantity demanded of a good is influenced by changes in consumer income. It differentiates between luxury goods and necessities based on their sensitivity to income fluctuations.
An exploration into the categorization of consumers or entities based on their income levels, detailing the significance, methodologies, impacts, and related economic concepts.
Income Redistribution - A way of spending personal income among various classes in society, designed to reduce economic inequality through mechanisms such as progressive taxation and the federal estate tax.
An overview of the Income Tax Rebate Plan included in the 2008 economic stimulus bill proposed by President George W. Bush, detailing tax rebates, loan limit increases, and business incentives.
