Outlet stores are retail establishments operated by manufacturers to sell irregular, overrun, or end-of-season merchandise.
Output is the amount produced or results provided by a system, particularly referencing production in economics and results by a computer.
Outsourcing entails delegating specific tasks, services, or product manufacturing to external entities such as manufacturers, merchant wholesalers, agents, or brokers. This practice is a strategic approach in business management aimed at improving efficiency and reducing costs.
A comprehensive overview of 'Overage,' including its use in retail leases and its distinction from shortage. Learn how overage affects retail leasing terms, specifically in percentage leases.
The Overall Rate of Return (OAR) represents the percentage relationship of net operating income divided by the purchase price of a property. It is an essential concept in real estate and investments.
An analysis of the overbooked condition in businesses like hotels and airlines, where more reservations are accepted than available accommodations.
Overbuilding refers to constructing more real estate properties than the market demand can economically support, leading to potential economic inefficiencies and financial instability.
An in-depth look into overcharges in retail, their causes, effects, and resolutions.
An in-depth analysis of Overhang in real estate, securities, and commodities. Explore how substantial holdings impact market dynamics and their implications.
An in-depth review of the term 'Overheating,' including its implications on inflation, productive capacity, and economic stability.
Overimprovement refers to a situation where a property is developed to a standard that is too high for its location, resulting in a mismatch between the property's value and the land on which it is built. For example, constructing a $500,000 single-family home on a lot worth only $5,000.
Overkill refers to an excessive promotional effort that results in diminishing returns because it repels rather than attracts consumer interest.
An in-depth analysis of overproduction, its causes, impact on the market, and relation to economic principles and cycles.
Overrun refers to production beyond the established limits, often due to estimating errors, reductions in order sizes, or attempts to utilize excess materials.
Detailed explanation of the term 'Overshoot,' focusing on its implications in economics, finance, and related fields.
Comprehensive analysis and details about overtime, including definitions, legal considerations, calculations, historical context, and applicability.
An in-depth look at overvalued currencies, including definitions, types, examples, and impacts.
An individual who owns and operates his own business or equipment, commonly seen in industries like trucking.
A detailed exploration of ownership, including its definitions, components, types, historical context, and applicability in various domains such as law, economics, and real estate.
A machine, fashion, or process that sets the standard for others to follow and is widely copied and imitated is regarded as the pacesetter in its industry.
An overview of packaged goods, including their types, packaging considerations, historical context, applicability, and related terms.
Padding refers to the practice of adding unnecessary material or expenses for the purpose of increasing the size or volume, such as padding an expense account to increase the company's reimbursement.
A comprehensive definition and explanation of a Paid-Up Policy in life insurance, including types, examples, historical context, and frequently asked questions.
Paper gold certificates are financial instruments that represent ownership of a certain amount of gold. These certificates can be converted into physical gold at the issuer's office, whether private or governmental. Often used in exchanges for convenience.
Exploring Paper Money: Government-issued certificates widely accepted as reliable media of exchange within the economy
The Paradox of Thrift is a concept in economics that suggests increased saving by households reduces their consumption, thereby reducing GDP. This entry explores its implications, historical context, and applications.
An analysis of the Paradox of Value, which highlights how essential goods like water and air are often cheaper than non-essential luxury items.
An in-depth look at Pareto's Law, which posits the constant pattern of income distribution across different societies and times, including the concept of Pareto Optimality.
Parity price refers to the price level of a commodity or service which is pegged to another price or to a composite average of prices based on a selected prior period. It is reflected in an index number on a scale where 100 symbolizes parity.
An exploration of partial liquidation distributions from corporations to shareholders, with an emphasis on qualifications and capital gain treatments.
Partial-Equilibrium Analysis: A detailed examination of the economic analysis approach that focuses only on the part of the economy affected by specific factors.
Detailed examination of Passive Investment Income (PII), including its definition, types, and relevance in the context of S Corporations and beyond.
Patent Monopoly is a government-granted temporary monopoly to inventors, encouraging innovation by ensuring exclusive rights to monetize new products.
A detailed exploration of the term 'Patron,' encompassing its general meaning, usage in taxation regarding cooperatives, and broader implications.
Pattern Bargaining involves individual employee unions and employers reaching negotiated agreements based on a collective bargaining settlement developed elsewhere. It can be national, regional, strong, or weak, affecting the uniformity of agreements.
Comprehensive insights on 'Pay,' including compensation for services rendered and monetary transactions for goods and services.
Pay As You Go refers to payments made for a good or service based on usage rather than as an outright purchase. This method is commonly used in various fields such as education, utilities, and telecommunications.
A salary scheme where employees accept a lower base pay in exchange for bonuses that are contingent upon meeting production or other organizational goals.
Detailed exploration of the term 'Payer,' including its meaning, types, roles, and applications in various fields.
Comprehensive Explanation of Payload in Logistics, Economics, and Technology
Payment for goods and services made in the form of other goods and services rather than cash or other forms of money.
An in-depth exploration of Payola, its origins, applications, and implications in various industries, particularly in the music and record industry.
Comprehensive coverage of the concept of payout, its definition, types, examples, historical context, applicability, and related terms.
A comprehensive understanding of 'Peak,' the high point of the business cycle, including its significance and examples.
An in-depth exploration of the term 'pecuniary' focusing on its definition, types, historical context, and applicability.
PEFCO, or Private Export Funding Corporation, was established by the U.S. government to facilitate the unsubsidized funding of U.S. exports, providing crucial financial services to bolster international trade.
An economic mechanism to stabilize the price of a security, commodity, or currency through market intervention, commonly used in exchange rate management.
A comprehensive definition of Penalty, covering its implications in legal and contractual contexts, along with examples and related terms.
Pencil Out refers to the process of estimating approximate figures to determine the potential profitability of a proposed investment or business opportunity.
Penetration Pricing is a strategy where a company sets a low price for a new product to quickly enter the market, deter competitors, and gain market share before raising prices once the market presence is established.
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a pivotal federal organization established under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) to guarantee basic pension benefits, manage terminated plans, and secure corporate asset liens for unfunded pension liabilities. This entry delves into its operations, funding, and coverage conditions.
An in-depth look at pension plans, their types, features, historical context, applicability, and related terms.
Congressional pension reform legislation designed to encourage individual retirement savings and enforce stricter regulation on employer-funded plans, also affecting charitable contributions, long-term care, college savings plans, and assistance for employees with 403(b) and 401(k) plans.
A comprehensive definition and exploration of people-intensive processes that require significant human participation, such as those in healthcare organizations.
'Per Annum' is a Latin phrase meaning 'once each year' or 'annually.' It is commonly used in financial contexts to describe interest rates, growth rates, and other annual measures.
Per Capita refers to calculation or measurement by each individual, commonly used in contexts like income, taxes, and resource distribution.
Per-capita debt is the total bonded debt of a municipality divided by its population. It is used to evaluate trends in a municipality's debt burden over time and is an essential metric for bond analysts.
A tax deduction method that allows taxpayers with economic interests in mineral deposits to deduct a specified percentage of gross income from the deposit.
A comprehensive guide to the percentage-of-sales method, which is a procedure used to set advertising budgets based on a predetermined percentage of past or forecasted future sales.
Perfect Competition refers to a market condition in which no individual buyer or seller has the power to influence the market price of a good or service, characterized by a large number of participants, homogenous products, equal information, and complete freedom of entry and exit.
A comprehensive coverage of Perfect Monopoly where a single producer dominates the market, thus eliminating competition.
A detailed overview of Performance Fee, also known as Incentive Fee, including its definition, types, examples, historical context, and related terms.
An in-depth exploration of perishable items, their characteristics, handling requirements, and examples such as fresh fish. Understand the challenges and significance of managing perishable goods in various industries.
An explanation of Permanent Income, highlighting its role in consumer behavior and economics with references to the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH).
A perpetuity is a financial instrument that pays a never-ending series of periodic payments. It is commonly used in the contexts of finance, economics, and legal frameworks such as the rule against perpetuities.
A comprehensive guide to Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) as measured by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, detailing its significance, components, and implications for the U.S. economy.
The Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index (PCEPI) is a U.S. indicator that tracks the average increase in prices for all domestic personal consumption, excluding volatile components like food and energy in its core form. Indexed to a base of 100 in 2005, it integrates data from sources such as the U.S. Consumer Price Index and Producer Price Index.
Personal income in national accounts calculations is the income actually received by households, factoring in various deductions and additions.
Detailed Definition and Explanation of Personalty (Personal Property)
An in-depth exploration of petrodollars, the dollars paid to oil-producing countries and deposited in Western banks, and their significant impact on the global economy.
The Phillips Curve describes the inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation, where an increase in inflation often leads to a decrease in unemployment, and vice versa.
Understand the concept of Physical Commodity, its significance in the market, and examples such as corn, cotton, gold, oil, soybeans, and wheat. Explore the distinctions between spot and futures markets.
Physical Depreciation or Physical Deterioration refers to the loss of value from all causes of age and action of the elements, including breakage, deferred maintenance, effects of age on construction material, and normal wear and tear.
Detailed explanation of Piece Rate including its uses, historical context, and applicability to modern mailing systems.
An extensive look at how contractors get paid by the piece, examining the mechanisms, implications, and historical context of piece work.
An exploration of the Pigou Effect, which highlights how changes in the price level influence the real value of money balances and subsequently affect consumption and economic activity.
A comprehensive overview of the acronym PIIGS used to describe the economically troubled countries of Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain.
Definition and Context of Pin Money: A small sum for incidental expenses or a minor cash advance associated with major contracts.
Place Utility refers to the value added to products by making them available at locations convenient for consumers. It is a crucial component in the marketing mix and adds significant value to the consumer experience.
A detailed exploration of a Planned Economy, where government planning predominantly directs economic activity, minimizing the influence of market forces. Common in socialist and communist systems.
Plottage value refers to the increase in the value of land resulting from the assemblage of smaller plots into a single ownership entity. This aggregation creates a larger, more valuable parcel.
A strategic defense mechanism used by takeover target companies to make their stock less attractive to potential acquirers.
A thorough examination of Ponzi Schemes, their mechanics, historical context, and examples including the notable Madoff Scandal.
Position refers to the act of strategically placing oneself or a company in a certain area; it also has specific meanings in banking, finance, and investments, such as a bank's net balance in a foreign currency, a firm's financial condition, or an investor's stake in a particular security.
A comprehensive guide to understanding positive correlation, a statistical relationship where an increase in one variable leads to an increase in another variable.
Positive Leverage refers to the strategic use of borrowed funds that amplify the returns on an investment. This Financial concept is contrasted with Reverse Leverage and is fundamental in Financial Management and Investment Strategies.
Possession Utility refers to the additional value that consumers gain from the ability to own a product, facilitated through various strategies like time payment, leasing, and credit purchase.
A comprehensive guide to Potential GDP, exploring its definition, significance, calculation methods, historical context, and applications in economics and policy-making.
A comprehensive definition of poverty, examining its relative and absolute measures, historical context, examples, and societal implications.
Precautionary Motive refers to actions taken to prevent adverse outcomes. This term is often used within various fields such as economics, finance, and everyday life to describe actions motivated by the desire to mitigate risks.
A comprehensive examination of precious metals, including gold, silver, platinum, and palladium. This entry explores their intrinsic value, market dynamics, applications, and historical context.
An in-depth exploration of predatory pricing, its strategies, legal implications, and historical context.
A Preferred-Provider Organization (PPO) is a healthcare arrangement where patients receive reduced rates for medical services provided by a network of designated healthcare providers.
The concept of PRELEASE refers to the practice of securing lease commitments for a building or complex before it is available for occupancy. This is often a prerequisite for obtaining permanent financing from lenders.
Understanding Present Value, Calculations, Applications, and Historical Context. A comprehensive guide on present value and its significance in finance and investments.
The Presidential Election Cycle Theory hypothesizes that major stock market moves can be predicted based on the four-year presidential election cycle, anticipating economic recovery engineered by the incumbent president.
Prestige Pricing reflects the assumption that consumers perceive higher-priced items as higher quality, leading firms like Tiffany's to avoid inexpensive retail items.
A detailed explanation of pretax earnings or pretax profit, encompassing its definition, calculation, historical context, and relevance in financial analysis.
Pretax Income refers to the amount earned from a business or investment before deducting income taxes. Understanding Pretax Income is essential for evaluating a company's financial performance.
Understanding the practice of charging different prices for the same goods or services, its implications, types, and legality.
