Economics

Spot Price: Current Delivery Price in the Spot Market
A detailed overview of the spot price, its significance in finance and trading, the factors influencing it, and its comparison to futures prices.
Spot Rate: The Price of Immediate Currency Exchange
The spot rate is the price at which a currency can be purchased or sold for immediate delivery, typically within two business days.
Stabilization: Definition and Applications
Detailed explanation of stabilization in currency, economics, and securities. Understand the methods and practices employed to achieve economic and market stability.
Stagflation: Economic Phenomenon of the 1970s
Stagflation, a term coined by economists in the 1970s, describes the unprecedented combination of slow economic growth, high unemployment, and rising prices.
Stagnation: Period of No or Slow Economic Growth
Stagnation refers to a period of no or slow economic growth or even economic decline in real (inflation-adjusted) terms. Economic growth of about 1% or less per year is generally taken to constitute stagnation.
Stake: Ownership in an Enterprise
An overview of the concept of stake, highlighting its origin, definition, types, and applications in modern contexts.
Standard of Living: Quality and Quantity of Goods and Services Consumed
The sum total of amenities, quality, and quantity of goods and services consumed by consuming units within an economy, reflecting overall well-being and economic prosperity.
Standing Order: Repeated Shipments of Goods
Standing orders facilitate the repeated shipment of goods without the need for specific reorders, adhering to predetermined quantity and time limitations.
Staple Stock: Goods with Consistent Demand
Explanation of Staple Stock, goods that maintain a fairly constant demand over years with minimal seasonality, and are continually carried by retailers.
Start-Up: New Business Venture
In Venture Capital parlance, a start-up is the earliest stage at which a venture capital investor or investment pool will provide funds to an enterprise, usually based on a business plan detailing the background of the management group along with market and financial projections.
Static Analysis: Economic Model Without Temporal Changes
Static analysis in economics refers to a model or analysis that does not consider or allow for changes over time, solving all variables simultaneously. It is commonly used in supply and demand models for goods and services.
Status Symbol: Indicative Mark of Social Standing
An in-depth examination of status symbols as tangible marks or signs of an individual's social status within a society or organization.
Steel-Collar Worker: Use of Robots as Employees on a Production Line
The concept of steel-collar workers refers to the use of robots as employees on production lines, symbolizing the replacement of traditional blue-collar workers.
Stevedore: Professional Cargo Unloaders
A comprehensive guide to understanding the role, responsibilities, historical context, and significance of stevedores in maritime logistics.
STIFF: Failure to Pay for Services Rendered
STIFF refers to the deliberate failure to pay for services rendered, commonly used in situations where someone does not leave a tip for service personnel, such as waiters.
Stipend: Payment of Salaries or Wages for Services
A comprehensive definition of 'stipend' and its relevance in various contexts, including the types of stipends, historical context, and related terms.
Stock vs. Flow: Understanding Economic Variables
An in-depth exploration of stock and flow variables in economics, their definitions, significance, and applications.
Stock-for-Asset Reorganization: A Definition and Overview
Detailed explanation of Stock-for-Asset Reorganization, its types, considerations, examples, historical context, applicability, and related terms.
Stockholder: Definition and Detailed Overview
An in-depth explanation of stockholders, their roles, types, historical context, and applicability in the corporate world.
Stockout Cost: Understanding the Financial Impact of Inventory Exhaustion
An in-depth exploration of Stockout Cost, which refers to the expenses a firm faces when current inventory is exhausted, including lost sales revenue and customer dissatisfaction.
Straight Time: Standard Work Hours
The concept of Straight Time refers to the standard number of work hours established for a particular period, during which an employee is paid their regular wage, with no overtime compensation.
Straight-Line Production: Traditional Production Method
An in-depth exploration of straight-line production, a traditional production-line method where all parts of the process are done on a straight-line production belt with sequential assembling of pieces.
Strategy: Management Plan or Method for Completing Objectives
A comprehensive guide to understanding strategy, including its definition, different types, historical context, applications, and related terms.
STREET: Short for Wall Street
STREET, short for Wall Street, refers to the financial community in New York City and the global economic market.
Street Price: Definition and Insights
Examining the 'Street Price': average or usual price charged for a product, particularly in markets where the Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price is rarely applied.
Strict Product Liability: Legal Implications and Framework
An in-depth exploration of Strict Product Liability, encompassing its definition, legal basis, applicability, historical context, and comparison with other liability doctrines. Detailed insights into how this concept affects manufacturers, distributors, and sellers.
Strikebreakers: An Overview
Strikebreakers, also known as management-hired replacements for striking employees, play a controversial role in labor disputes. This article explores their definition, historical context, legal considerations, and societal impact.
Structural Unemployment: Persistent Systemic Unemployment
An in-depth understanding of structural unemployment, which persists even during periods of full employment, due to mismatches between job seekers and job requirements.
Structural Unemployment: A Detailed Exploration
An in-depth analysis of structural unemployment, its causes, effects, and distinctions from other types of unemployment.
Sub-Marginal: Definition and Context in Economics
Submarginal entities are those that cannot maintain the minimum profit or production levels required to remain permanently in existence. This concept is pivotal in understanding market dynamics and economic viability.
Sub-Optimize: Underutilization of Potential Output
The act of utilizing a resource, system, or process to a less than the maximum degree of output, thereby not operating at its fullest potential.
Subcontractor: A Detailed Explanation
A comprehensive guide to understanding the role and significance of subcontractors in various industries, including definitions, examples, and frequently asked questions.
Subscription: Agreement of Intent to Purchase
Subscription refers to an agreement to buy newly issued securities or to contribute money for a specific purpose.
Subsidy: Government Economic Stimulus
A subsidy is a monetary payment or favorable economic stimulus provided by a government to individuals or groups, intended to promote growth, development, and profitability.
Subsistence: Maintenance Without Growth
Subsistence refers to maintenance without growth, usually used with reference to the standard of living. A subsistence standard is sufficient to keep the economic unit alive and reasonably healthy but provides nothing more.
Subsistence Theory of Wages: Foundation of Wage Determination
The Subsistence Theory of Wages posits that wages cannot fall below the subsistence level for long periods because such a level is insufficient to maintain the labor force. This classical economic proposition highlights the relationship between wages and basic living standards.
Substitutes: Alternative Choices in Economics
Substitutes are goods or services that can replace each other in consumption, catering to similar needs or wants of the consumer.
Substitution Effect: Economic Impact on Consumer Behavior
The Substitution Effect in economics describes the change in consumption patterns due to a change in the relative prices of goods, encouraging consumers to replace one good with another as the prices fluctuate.
Substitution Law: Economic Proposition and Consumer Behavior
An in-depth exploration of the Substitution Law, explaining its economic implications, examples, and role in consumer behavior and market dynamics.
Substitution Slope: The Relative Consumption at Different Prices
An in-depth exploration of the substitution slope, illustrating the relationship of the substitution of any pair of goods with respect to one another in the context of a given income and varying prices.
Superstore: Self-Service Store with Large Diversified Assortment
A comprehensive guide to superstores, self-service retail establishments offering a wide range of food and nonfood items, including groceries, clothing, electronics, automotive accessories, and lawn items.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI): A Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth exploration of Supplemental Security Income (SSI), its eligibility criteria, benefits, differences from other social security programs, and historical context.
Supplemental Unemployment Benefits: Understanding Employer-Financed Payments for Terminated Employees
Supplemental Unemployment Benefits (SUB) payments are taxable wages provided by employer-financed funds to terminated employees which are subject to income tax withholding but exempt from Social Security, Medicare, and federal unemployment taxes.
Supplier: Provider of Materials, Products, or Services
A supplier is an entity that supplies materials, products, or services to others, operating typically in the wholesale or retail supply business.
Supply: Understanding the Concept of Provision
A comprehensive guide to understanding 'Supply,' covering its definitions, types, applicability, historical context, and more.
Supply and Demand Curves: Graphic Representation
A detailed examination of supply and demand curves, and their intersection point indicating market equilibrium, which determines the equilibrium price and quantity.
Supply Price: Definition and Detailed Explanation
Supply Price refers to the price, according to a supply schedule or supply curve, that is necessary to get producers to produce a specific quantity of a good or service. This concept is fundamental to understanding market dynamics and producer behavior.
Supply-Side Economics: A Theory of Economic Growth
An in-depth look at supply-side economics, a theory that contends drastic tax reductions will stimulate productive investment to benefit society; championed by Professor Arthur Laffer in the late 1970s.
Surcharge: An Additional Cost
A surcharge is a charge added to an existing charge, cost added to a cost, or tax added to a tax, often used in various financial contexts.
Surplus: Understanding Excess Amounts in Various Contexts
A detailed exploration of the concept of surplus across different fields such as finance, economics, and accounting. Understand how surplus affects corporate finances and the broader economic framework.
Surplus Value: Excess of Output Value Over Wage Rate in Marxist Theory
In Marxist theory, Surplus Value refers to the excess value produced by labor over the wages paid to the laborers, forming the basis for profit in capitalist systems.
Surviving Spouse: Tax Implications and Rights
A comprehensive overview of the tax implications and rights available to a surviving spouse, including eligibility for joint returns and dependency exemptions.
Survivors Program: Social Security Benefits for Qualifying Survivors
The Survivors Program within the Social Security System provides financial support consisting of lump-sum and monthly payments to the dependents of a deceased qualifying worker.
Systemic Risk: Understanding Market-Wide Risk
An in-depth exploration of systemic risk, its measurement, types, examples, and implications in the financial market. Also known as market risk or systematic risk, and commonly measured by the beta coefficient.
Tag Sale: Overview and Traditions
Tag Sale, commonly known as a garage sale, is an American tradition where individuals sell used household items. These sales are typically held on weekends at the vendor's home, with merchandise displayed in the driveway.
Take-Home Pay: Definition, Calculation, and Importance
An in-depth exploration of take-home pay, including its definition, calculation methods, examples, and significance in personal finance.
Take-or-Pay: An Agreement to Purchase or Pay
A take-or-pay agreement is a contractual arrangement in which a buyer agrees to purchase a specified quantity of goods over a defined period or compensate the seller for any shortfall. This mechanism balances risks for both the buyer and the seller.
Takeoff Point: Economic Viability in Development and Growth
A comprehensive discussion on the concept of the takeoff point, marking the stage at which a producer, an industry, or an economy becomes economically viable, with detailed explanations, historical context, examples, and related terms.
Tallyman: Definition and Roles
A comprehensive exploration of the term 'Tallyman,' including its historical context, various types, and applications.
Tangible Asset: Physical Assets with Real-World Presence
A comprehensive exploration of tangible assets, including their definitions, types, examples, historical context, applications, comparisons, and related terms. Learn about the physical assets that play a vital role in various facets of economy and investment.
Tare Weight: Definition, Importance, and Applications
Comprehensive guide on Tare Weight, explaining its definition, importance in various industries, methods of measurement, historical context, and related terms.
Tariff: Comprehensive Guide to Import and Export Taxes
An in-depth look at tariffs, their purposes, types, effects on economies, historical context, and related terms.
Tax: Definition, Types, and Examples
An in-depth exploration of taxes, including their types, historical context, applicability, and the impact on societal infrastructure and governance.
Tax Abatement: Reprieve from a Tax Obligation
An in-depth examination of tax abatement, a government incentive often used to encourage real estate or industrial development by partially or completely forgiving tax obligations.
Tax Assessor: The Role and Responsibilities of a Tax Assessor
An in-depth look into the role of a tax assessor, including their duties, significance in the economic framework, and how they contribute to tax assessment processes.
Tax Base: Comprehensive Definition
The Tax Base encompasses the collective value of property, income, and other taxable activity or assets subject to taxation. It is crucial for determining tax revenues.
Tax Deposit: Payment of Federal Tax Liability
A detailed explanation of tax deposits, including the types of taxes deposited through a Federal Reserve Bank or designated commercial bank, rather than paid directly to the IRS.
Tax Exemption: A Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth analysis of tax exemption, covering types, historic context, applicability, and related terms.
Tax Foreclosure: Process of Enforcing a Lien Against Property for Nonpayment of Delinquent Property Taxes
Tax foreclosure is the legal process by which a taxing authority enforces a lien against property for the nonpayment of delinquent property taxes. This ensures the government recovers owed taxes, superior to other liens.
Tax Incentive: Encouraging or Discouraging Economic Activities
Tax incentive is a feature of the taxation system designed to encourage or discourage certain economic activities. Common examples include depreciation allowances and tax credits.
Tax Increment Financing (TIF): Economic Development Tool
Tax Increment Financing (TIF) as a municipal financing strategy to encourage private development or redevelopment in distressed areas, funded by expected future tax revenue growth.
Tax Wedge: An Economic Phenomenon
In economics, a tax wedge refers to the difference between what consumers pay and what producers receive due to taxation, which can inhibit certain economic outcomes.
Tax-Exempt Organization: An Overview
Explore the detailed definition of a Tax-Exempt Organization, its types, historical context, and its significance in various sectors.
Taxpayer: Definition and Overview
A comprehensive guide to understanding who qualifies as a taxpayer and their responsibilities, including individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, and other entities.
Technological Obsolescence: The Process of Becoming Outdated
The phenomenon where technology becomes outdated due to advancements in newer technologies. Example includes word processing software replacing traditional typewriters.
Term: Definition and Explanation
Comprehensive definition and explanation of the term, including its applications in contracts, loans, and life insurance policies.
Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF): Economic Stimulus Program
A Federal Reserve funding facility to support the issuance of Asset-Backed Securities (ABS) and promote lending to consumers and small businesses by providing non-recourse loans.
Terms of Trade: The Relationship between Export and Import Prices
An in-depth look at the Terms of Trade, a vital economic measure assessing the relationship between the prices a country gets for its exports and the prices it pays for its imports.

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