Finance

Mutual Association: Cooperative Financial Institutions
Mutual Associations are cooperative financial institutions similar to Savings and Loan Associations where members' deposits represent shares, affording them voting rights and dividends.
Mutual Company: Understanding Cooperative Corporations
A Mutual Company is a corporation whose ownership and profits are distributed among its members in proportion to the business they conduct with the company. They include mutual insurance companies, mutual savings banks, and federal savings and loan associations.
Mutual Fund: Comprehensive Guide to Investment Options
A detailed exploration of mutual funds, including their structure, benefits, types, tax implications, and historical context.
Mutual Insurance Company: A Policyowner-Owned Insurer
A mutual insurance company is an insurance organization owned by its policyholders, without shares available on the stock exchange. Explore its structure, history, and differences from stock insurance companies.
Mutual Savings Bank: An Overview
Comprehensive Coverage of Mutual Savings Banks, including their unique characteristics, historical context, and importance in the financial landscape.
National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts (NACVA): Comprehensive Overview
The National Association of Certified Valuation Analysts (NACVA) is a global professional association that supports business valuation, litigation consulting, and fraud deterrence disciplines within the CPA and professional business advisory communities.
Naked Option: Definition, Risks, and Examples
A naked option refers to an options contract for which the seller or buyer does not hold the underlying security. This concept in options trading entails significant risk, as the writer of the naked option could be exposed to substantial losses if the market moves unfavorably.
Name Position Bond (Fidelity Bond): Protection Against Employee Dishonesty
A Name Position Bond, also known as a Fidelity Bond, covers an employer if employees in specific listed positions commit dishonest acts, such as theft or embezzlement. This insurance provides financial protection and peace of mind to employers.
NASDAQ: The Premier Electronic Stock Market
An overview of NASDAQ, the computerized system providing brokers and dealers with price quotations for securities traded over the counter and New York Stock Exchange-listed securities.
National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD): Overview and Functions
Comprehensive coverage of the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), its evolution into FINRA, historical context, functions, and relevance in the financial industry.
National Debt: Debt Owed by the Federal Government
An in-depth look at the national debt, including its components, implications, historical context, and impact on the federal government's finances.
National Income: Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth exploration of National Income, including definitions, types, measurement methods, and its significance in economic analysis.
National Quotation Bureau: Publisher of Pink Sheets
The National Quotation Bureau, now known as Pink Sheets LLC, is the publisher responsible for the compilation and dissemination of quotes for over-the-counter (OTC) securities, primarily known for their 'Pink Sheets'.
National Wealth: Sum Total of the Value of All Capital and Goods Held Within a Nation
National Wealth refers to the aggregate value of all capital and goods possessed within a nation, encompassing tangible and intangible assets, resources, and properties.
Natural Monopoly: Efficiency in Single-Producer Industries
A detailed exploration of natural monopoly, a market structure where a single producer is the most efficient due to high fixed costs and economies of scale, commonly seen in utilities and other essential services.
Natural Rate of Growth: Overview and Significance
Detailed explanation of the natural rate of growth, its calculations, and its importance in maintaining current employment and wages.
Near Money: Easily Convertible Assets
A detailed overview of near money, including examples like government securities, bank time deposits, money market fund shares, and bonds close to redemption date.
Negative Amortization: Understanding Its Impact on Loans
In-depth explanation of negative amortization, its functioning, implications, and impact on loans. Explore different scenarios, historical context, comparisons, and frequently asked questions.
Negative Leverage: Financial Concept
An in-depth exploration of negative leverage, its implications, examples, and how it contrasts with positive leverage.
Negative Net Worth: Financial Position Analysis
An in-depth look into the concept of negative net worth, its implications, examples, causes, and strategies to overcome it.
Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW): Definition and Insight
An in-depth look into Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (NOW) accounts, their characteristics, applicability, and related financial terms.
Negotiated Market Price: Controlled Market Dynamics
A comprehensive overview of Negotiated Market Price, highlighting its significance in circumstances influenced by wartime restrictions, unexpected shortages, or natural monopoly situations.
Nellie Mae Corporation: Education Financing Originator
Nellie Mae Corporation, a division of SLM Corporation, offers education financing solutions for undergraduate and graduate students and their families. Discover its history, purpose, and impact on education funding.
Net Asset Value (NAV): Definition & Significance in Investment
Net Asset Value (NAV) represents the value of a mutual fund or investment fund's assets minus its liabilities, typically expressed in per-share terms.
Net Change: Understanding Daily Price Fluctuations
Net Change refers to the difference between the last trading price of a stock, bond, commodity, or mutual fund from one trading day to the next.
Net Contribution: Key Financial Metric
Net Contribution is the excess of the selling price over the variable costs per unit, representing the residual positive effect from an action taken.
Net Cost: Understanding the True Expense
Net cost refers to the gross costs of purchasing an asset, adjusted for any income received. This concept is crucial for accurately determining the financial impact of investments and purchases.
Net Domestic Product: The Measure of a Nation's Economic Health
Net Domestic Product (NDP) is the gross domestic product (GDP) less the depreciation of a country's capital goods. It indicates the economic obsolescence and the capital spending required to maintain the GDP.
Net Earnings: Definition and Key Concepts
A comprehensive overview of net earnings, also known as net income, including its calculation, importance, and distinctions from other financial metrics.
Net Economic Welfare (NEW): An Alternative Measure of Economic Well-Being
A comprehensive overview of Net Economic Welfare (NEW), an alternative measure of economic 'well-being' that adjusts GDP by accounting for non-market 'problems' and benefits.
Net Estate: An Overview of Taxable Estate Valuation
Net Estate is the portion of a decedent's estate subject to estate tax after all allowable deductions under federal and state statutes, including debts, funeral, and administrative expenses, are subtracted from the gross estate.
Net Income: The Bottom Line in Financial Statements
A comprehensive guide on net income, its calculation, significance in business and tax contexts, and related terms.
Net Income Per Share of Common Stock: Comprehensive Guide
Detailed coverage of Net Income Per Share of Common Stock (EPS) including its definition, application, calculation, and its relation to Fully Diluted Earnings per Share.
Net Investment Income: A Comprehensive Overview
Net Investment Income represents the excess of investment income over investment expenses. Individuals are allowed to deduct for tax purposes the Investment Interest Expense to the extent of their net investment income.
Net Leasable Area: Definition and Importance
Net Leasable Area (NLA) refers to the floor space in a building or project that may be rented to tenants and is used to calculate rental payments, excluding common areas and equipment space. Learn about its different types, applications, and more.
Net Lease: Comprehensive Overview
A detailed explanation of net leases, where tenants are responsible for paying additional expenses like taxes, insurance, and maintenance, making the landlord's rent income net of these expenses.
Net Listing: Real Estate Broker's Commission Based on Sale Price
An in-depth look at net listing, a real estate listing agreement where the broker's commission is determined by the excess sale price over a predetermined net price to the seller.
Net Operating Income (NOI): Key Financial Metric in Real Estate
Net Operating Income (NOI) is a key metric in real estate and business that represents income after operating expenses but before income taxes and financing expenses.
Net Operating Loss (NOL): Comprehensive Guide and Insights
An in-depth exploration of Net Operating Loss (NOL), its definitions, applications, and implications in the context of individual taxpayers and corporations, including limitations, examples, historical context, and related terms.
Net Operating Loss Deduction: A Comprehensive Guide
Understanding the concept, application, and regulations surrounding the Net Operating Loss Deduction in the context of tax filings.
Net Present Value (NPV): Method of Determining Investment Adequacy
Net Present Value (NPV) is a financial metric used to evaluate the expected financial performance of an investment by comparing the present value of cash inflows to the present value of cash outflows, determining whether the investment is likely to be profitable.
Net Proceeds: Definition and Explanation
Net Proceeds refer to the amount received from the sale or disposition of property, from a loan, or the sale or issuance of securities after deduction of all costs incurred in the transaction.
Net Profit Margin: Key Financial Metric
A comprehensive overview of Net Profit Margin, a crucial financial metric indicating the percentage of after-tax profit relative to sales.
Net Quick Assets: Definition and Importance
Net Quick Assets refer to cash, marketable securities, and accounts receivable minus current liabilities. This financial metric helps determine whether a business can meet current liabilities with readily convertible assets if sales were to cease.
Net Rate: Effective Interest Rate on a Loan
An in-depth understanding of the effective interest rate on a loan which is calculated by dividing the interest by the proceeds received.
Net Sales: Comprehensive Guide
In-depth explanation of Net Sales, covering definitions, formulas, applications, and examples
Net Transaction: A Detailed Overview
An in-depth exploration of net transactions, where buyers and sellers engage in securities transactions without fees or commissions, including historical context and examples.
Net Yield: Understanding Post-Expense Investment Returns
An in-depth look into net yield, its calculation, importance in investment, comparison with current yield and yield-to-maturity, and real-world applications.
New Issue: Introduction to Stock or Bond Offerings
A comprehensive explanation of new issues, including initial public offerings (IPOs), regulations, and related terms.
New Listing: Security That Has Just Begun to Trade on an Exchange
A comprehensive guide covering what a new listing is in the context of the stock or bond exchange, its requirements, types, implications, and historical context.
New Money: Long-Term Financing
New Money refers to additional long-term financing provided to a company or government through new issues or issues exceeding the amount of a maturing issue or refunded issues.
New York Cotton Exchange: An Overview of the Cotton Futures Market
The New York Cotton Exchange (NYCE) is a commodities exchange, now a subsidiary of the New York Board of Trade (NYBOT) since 1998, specializing in cotton futures and options contracts.
New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX): Overview and Significance
The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) is a leading commodity derivatives exchange, providing a platform for trading energy futures, options, and other commodity products.
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE): Overview and Significance
An in-depth look at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), its structure, history, operations, and significance in global finance.
Nifty Fifty: Premier Stocks of the 1960s and 1970s
An overview of the Nifty Fifty stocks, which were most favored by institutional investors during the bull markets of the 1960s and early 1970s.
No Fault: A System of Insurance
A comprehensive guide to the No Fault system of insurance, where individuals are compensated for automobile accident injuries regardless of fault.
No-Documentation Loan: Simplified Mortgages without Proof of Income
A no-documentation loan, often referred to as a 'no doc' loan, is a type of mortgage for which borrowers are not required to provide proof of income, employment, or assets, making it distinct from traditional loan products.
No-Growth: Economic Stagnation
A detailed explanation of no-growth economies characterized by little or no increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with historical examples and implications.
No-Load Fund: Mutual Fund without Sales Charges
A no-load fund is a type of mutual fund offered by open-end investment companies that imposes no sales charge on shareholders. Investors buy shares directly from these funds, bypassing brokers, and avoiding the fees associated with load funds.
Nominal (Interest) Rate: Understanding the Basics
The Nominal Interest Rate is the rate of return on an investment that is unadjusted for the effect of inflation. It is distinguished from the real rate, which is the nominal rate less the rate of inflation.
Nominal Dollars: Amounts Not Adjusted for Inflation
A detailed exploration of nominal dollars, their significance, differences from real dollars, and practical applications in economic analysis.
Nominal Loan Rate: Understanding the Basics
An in-depth explanation of the nominal loan rate, its significance, and how it compares to other interest rate types.
Nominal Wage: Evaluation of Wage Without Considering Purchasing Power
An in-depth look at nominal wage, which evaluates wages without accounting for the current purchasing power. It explores the significance, examples, historical context, and related terms with definitions.
Nominal Yield: Understanding Interest from Fixed-Income Securities
Explore the concept of nominal yield, its calculation, types, historical context, real-world examples, comparisons with real interest rate, and FAQs.
Nonbusiness Income: Definition and Implications
An in-depth exploration of Nonbusiness Income, its taxation implications, types, and related considerations in multistate corporations.
Noncompetitive Bid: Understanding Treasury Bill Purchases Without Price Competition
A noncompetitive bid is a way for smaller investors to purchase U.S. Treasury bills at the average price of competitive bids accepted by the Treasury. Learn the intricacies, applications, and benefits of noncompetitive bidding.
Nondiscretionary Trust: Definition and Overview
A Nondiscretionary Trust is an investment trust limited to securities listed at its inception, with predetermined asset allocation parameters. Often referred to as a fixed investment trust.
Nondisturbance Clause: Definition and Importance in Real Estate and Mortgage Contracts
A nondisturbance clause is a provision in mortgage or sales contracts that ensures the continuation of leases or guarantees that mineral rights exploration does not interfere with surface development. Essential for the stability of income-producing properties and surface land rights.
Nondivisive Reorganization: Understanding Spin-Offs
An in-depth analysis of nondivisive reorganizations in the context of corporate spin-offs, including definitions, types, examples, and legal considerations.
Nondurable Goods: Overview and Importance
Nondurable goods, also known as soft goods or consumables, are products that are consumed or only usable for a short period before they get replaced. Common examples include food, beverages, and toiletries.
Nonforfeitable: A Key Term in Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans
Nonforfeitable benefits in the context of pension and profit-sharing plans refer to benefits that are guaranteed to the employee regardless of length of service or performance requirements. This ensures financial security and loyalty from employees.
Nonmember Bank: An In-depth Overview
A nonmember bank is a bank that is not a member of the Federal Reserve System and is regulated by the banking laws of the state in which it is chartered.
Nonmember Firm: Brokerage Firm Not A Member of An Organized Exchange
A brokerage firm that is not a member of an organized exchange and executes trades through member firms, regional exchanges, or in the third market.
Nonnegotiable Instrument: Understanding its Definition and Context
A comprehensive guide to understanding nonnegotiable instruments, their types, historical context, and key differences from negotiable instruments.
Nonoperating Expense (Revenue): Income and Expenses Incidental to Core Business
A comprehensive guide to Nonoperating Expense (Revenue), outlining expenses and income that are incidental to a business's main activities, such as the sale of land by a mattress maker.
Nonperforming Asset: An Overview
A Nonperforming Asset (NPA) is an asset that ceases to generate income for its holder. Typically applied in banking, NPAs include commercial loans that are 90 days past due and consumer loans 180 days past due.

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