The IRS is the federal agency responsible for tax collection and enforcement of tax laws in the United States.
An in-depth review by the IRS of an individual's or organization's accounts and financial information to ensure that all information is accurately reported according to tax laws.
IRS e-file is the electronic system used by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for the digital submission of tax returns. Emphasizing speed and accuracy, the IRS e-file allows taxpayers to submit their returns electronically, reducing the need for paper-based filing and expediting the tax processing cycle.
IRS Form 1040 is the standard federal income tax form used by individuals to file their annual tax returns in the United States. This form details an individual's income, deductions, credits, and tax liability for the year.
IRS Form 1116 is used by U.S. taxpayers to calculate and claim the Foreign Tax Credit for income taxes paid or accrued to foreign countries or U.S. possessions.
IRS Form 709 is used to report gift tax and generation-skipping transfer tax to the IRS. Learn about its purpose, requirements, and usage.
An essential form used by Limited Liability Companies (LLCs) to elect classification as a corporation for federal tax purposes, thus changing their default tax treatment.
IRS Form 945 is an official document used by businesses to report backup withholding amounts to the Internal Revenue Service. This form ensures compliance with federal tax policies.
An IRS levy is a legal seizure of property to satisfy a tax debt. It represents one of the most aggressive collection mechanisms employed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to collect taxes owed.
An IRS Lien is a legal claim imposed by the Internal Revenue Service on a property to secure payment of a tax debt. This article provides a comprehensive overview of IRS Liens, their historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, and practical examples.
IRS Section 179 allows businesses to deduct the full purchase price of qualifying assets in the year they are put into service, providing significant tax relief and encouraging investment in business equipment.
Comprehensive definition and explanation of IRS Section 368, which defines various types of corporate reorganizations under U.S. tax law, including the different types of reorganizations, examples, historical context, applicability, and related terms.
The IS Curve represents combinations of interest rates and national income where ex ante savings and investment are equal, maintaining product market equilibrium in the IS-LM model of Keynesian economics.
A comprehensive examination of the IS-LM model, a fundamental representation of Keynesian economics, its historical context, mathematical formulations, and practical applications.
Professional standards for auditing financial statements, developed by the IAASB.
A comprehensive look at ISAs - both as International Standard on Auditing and Individual Savings Accounts.
A comprehensive article on ISA (Individual Savings Account), including its historical context, types, key events, and detailed explanations. Explore mathematical models, applicability, examples, and related terms.
An ISA mortgage is a type of interest-only mortgage where the borrower repays only the interest and simultaneously invests in an Individual Savings Account (ISA) to repay the principal at maturity.
International Standards on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) are a set of professional standards for assurance engagements other than audits of financial statements, established to ensure consistency and quality in the practice of assurance services.
International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) are the core standards issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). These standards set out the basic principles and essential procedures that auditors must follow during the audit of financial statements.
Comprehensive overview of the Investment Services Directive (ISD), its historical context, significance, and key elements.
A 12-character alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies a security internationally.
A comprehensive explanation of the International Securities Identification Number (ISIN), its structure, significance, and application in global financial markets.
Islamic Banking is a system of banking that adheres to the principles of Islamic law (Sharia). It operates on the prohibition of usury and incorporates profit-sharing arrangements to ensure ethical financial transactions.
A detailed examination of Islamic Finance, its principles, history, types, techniques, and relevance in modern financial systems.
ISO 17442 defines the structure and issuance process for Legal Entity Identifiers (LEIs), ensuring standardization and global consistency.
Comprehensive overview of ISO 20022, a global standard for electronic data interchange between financial institutions, including history, types, applications, and more.
A comprehensive guide to understanding ISO 4217, the international standard for defining currency codes.
Understanding the Isocost Curve in Production Economics, Its Historical Context, Applications, Formulas, and Key Insights.
An Isoprofit Curve represents combinations of two variables that yield the same profit level for a firm, crucial in both single-firm and duopoly models.
An Isoquant represents combinations of inputs that yield the same level of output, analogous to an indifference curve in consumer theory.
A comprehensive guide to understanding the various costs involved in the process of issuing new securities, encompassing flotation costs and other related expenses.
The issuance date of a security marks the day when the security is formally issued or distributed to the public by a corporate or governmental entity.
An in-depth exploration of the term 'issue,' focusing on the amount of shares or stock available, the process of distribution, and various methods used in the financial industry.
The term 'Issue Age' refers to the age at which an individual initially purchases an insurance policy. Understanding the impact of issue age on insurance pricing, coverage, and policy terms is crucial for consumers and professionals alike.
Issue by tender, also known as sale by tender, is a method where investors bid for new securities and the highest bidders are allocated shares. It typically specifies a minimum acceptable price.
An in-depth analysis of issue costs, covering both direct expenses of issuing securities and third-party fees.
An in-depth look at the issue price of shares, including its historical context, types, key events, importance, examples, and related terms.
A comprehensive exploration of issued capital, its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, and related terms.
Issued capital represents the portion of a company's authorized capital that has been issued to shareholders and serves as an indication of the company's financial commitment and capacity for future growth.
Issued Capital Stock, the total number of shares a corporation has sold to and are held by shareholders. Explore its definition, types, importance, and examples.
A comprehensive look into Issued Share Capital, including its definitions, historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, and related terms.
Issuer Identification Number (IIN) is the initial six digits of a Primary Account Number (PAN), used to identify the institution that issued the card.
An issuing bank plays a crucial role in various financial transactions, including the issuance of letters of credit, credit cards, and international trade finance, ensuring smooth and secure operations between buyers and sellers.
Istisna is a unique Islamic financial contract, permitting cash payments in advance with delivery of manufactured goods at a future date. It is pivotal in facilitating trade and industrial projects.
Explore the dual meanings of IT, covering both Income Tax and Information Technology, with comprehensive details including historical context, key events, and detailed explanations.
Understanding itemized deductions, specific expenses that taxpayers list separately on their tax returns to reduce taxable income.
A comprehensive guide to the Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN), its purpose, application, and significance for U.S. taxpayers who are not eligible for a Social Security Number (SSN).
An in-depth look at Ito Calculus, including its historical context, mathematical framework, key formulas, applications, and importance in financial mathematics and other fields.
Itô Calculus is an advanced mathematical framework developed by Kiyoshi Itô, used for integrating stochastic processes, particularly in the field of financial mathematics.
A comprehensive overview of Individual Voluntary Arrangement (IVA), its history, types, key events, and implications.
A comprehensive guide to the International Valuation Standards Council, its purpose, history, key contributions, and impact on global valuation practices.
The J-Curve illustrates the initial negative impact of devaluation on the trade balance, followed by a gradual improvement as export volumes increase and import volumes decrease.
Jensen's Alpha is a metric that evaluates a portfolio's return above the expected return predicted by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
A comprehensive guide to understanding job costs, their components, importance, and applications in various industries.
A comprehensive overview of job costing, an essential costing process for evaluating individual costs for each job in organizations with diverse products and services.
An in-depth exploration of job numbers in job costing, including historical context, importance, types, mathematical models, charts, key events, and applications in various fields.
A comprehensive guide to understanding Job Order Costing, its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and more.
A detailed encyclopedia entry about jobbers, market-makers, and their roles in financial markets.
Detailed Explanation of Jobless Claims, Their Significance in the Economy, and How They Are Measured.
Comprehensive examination of the JOBS Act, aimed at increasing access to capital for small businesses and facilitating private capital formation.
Johansen's Approach is a statistical methodology used to estimate Vector Error Correction Models (VECMs) and test for multiple cointegration relationships among nonstationary and stationary variables.
A comprehensive overview of joining fees, covering historical context, types, key considerations, and related terms.
A comprehensive exploration of joint accounts, their historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, FAQs, and more.
Joint and Several Liability refers to a shared legal and financial responsibility undertaken by a group, where each party can be held accountable for the total debt or obligation if others default.
A comprehensive guide to understanding joint audits, including historical context, key events, types, and the importance of collaborative auditing practices.
A comprehensive exploration of joint costs in process costing, including their definition, historical context, methods of apportionment, importance, examples, and related terms.
Joint Costs are costs that are shared by two or more products, making it challenging to measure the average cost of each product. This article explores the concept, historical context, types, key events, explanations, examples, related terms, and more.
A Joint Life Annuity provides financial security by continuing payments until both individuals pass away, ensuring sustained income for couples.
An exploration of joint products, their economic significance, types, historical context, and more.
A comprehensive guide to Joint Product Costing, its importance, methods, historical context, applications, key events, and detailed explanations.
A detailed exploration of Joint Products, their historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applications, and related terms.
A tax return filed by married couples, allowing the combining of income, deductions, and credits.
A comprehensive guide to understanding joint tax returns, a tax filing status used by married couples to combine their income and deductions on one tax return.
Explore the system where a couple's income is combined for tax assessment, including historical context, types, key events, formulas, examples, and related concepts.
Joint Tenancy (JT) is a legal arrangement where parties hold equal shares in a property and enjoy the right of survivorship. This means if one joint tenant dies, their interest automatically passes to the surviving joint tenants.
A comprehensive exploration of Joint Ventures, including historical context, types, key events, models, applicability, examples, related terms, and FAQs.
A joint venture is a strategic business alliance where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms, often used for large or risky projects.
A comprehensive guide to understanding joint ventures, including definitions, types, examples, historical context, and more.
A comprehensive look at joint-stock banks, including their historical context, operations, significance in finance, and impact on economies.
A comprehensive look at Joint-Stock Companies, their historical context, structure, significance, and examples.
A Joint-Stock Company is a business entity where investors pool their funds, receive shares proportionally, and enjoy limited liability. Managed by elected directors, shareholders earn dividends based on share ownership.
An in-depth exploration of journals as essential tools in bookkeeping and accounting, including their historical context, types, key events, usage, examples, and more.
Comprehensive coverage of journal entries in accounting, from their historical context to their types, importance, and applications. Explore key events, detailed explanations, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, and more.
Journals are essential tools in accounting where financial transactions are first recorded before being posted to the ledger.
An in-depth look at JPX, the Japan Exchange Group, which oversees major stock exchanges in Japan including Jasdaq.
A detailed overview of judgment debt, explaining its legal implications, historical context, and modern applications.
A comprehensive overview of judgment debtors, including legal context, key events, implications, related terms, and practical considerations.
An in-depth overview of judicial bonds, including their types, key events, and detailed explanations.
An in-depth exploration of the Juglar Cycle, a key concept in economic theory that describes medium-term business cycle fluctuations.
Comprehensive exploration of Jumbo Loans, including historical context, types, key events, mathematical formulas, charts, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, and more.
An in-depth exploration of the Junior Individual Savings Account (JISA), a tax-free savings account for children under 18, including its historical context, types, benefits, and key considerations.
A comprehensive guide to Junior Individual Savings Accounts (JISAs), exploring their types, benefits, eligibility criteria, investment options, and practical considerations.
Junk bonds are high-yield bonds that carry a higher risk of default. Known for financing leveraged buyouts during the 1980s in the USA, junk bonds offer investors potential high returns but come with significant risk.
Junk Bonds, also known as high-yield bonds, are debt securities issued by companies with lower credit ratings. These bonds offer higher yields to compensate for higher default risks.
An in-depth look at Junk Bonds, including historical context, types, key events, explanations, mathematical models, and more.
Kabushiki Kaisha (KK) is a Japanese corporate entity similar to a public limited company (PLC). It is one of the most common forms of corporations in Japan, characterized by the issuance of shares and liability limited to shareholders' investments.
In-depth understanding of Kabushiki-Kaisha (K.K.), the standard stock company in Japan, including its definition, types, structure, historical context, and applicability.
Kaizen Costing is a technique aimed at cost reduction and management during the manufacturing process through continuous, incremental improvements.
A comprehensive guide to understanding Kangaroo Bonds, their historical context, key events, applicability, and related financial terminologies.
