The Normal Retirement Age (NRA) is the age at which a person can retire with full social security or pension benefits, without any reduction. Learn about its historical context, importance, key events, and applicability.
An average standard used in standard costing, set to be applied over a future period during which conditions are unlikely to change.
Normative Accounting Theory prescribes how accounting should be done, offering guidelines and principles for creating and evaluating accounting practices, contrasting with Positive Accounting Theory, which describes and predicts current practices.
A detailed explanation of Nostro Accounts, their functions, types, historical context, and their significance in international banking.
An in-depth exploration of the term 'Not Negotiable' in financial documents, its historical context, legal implications, and importance in safeguarding financial transactions.
An in-depth analysis of notes, their historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, and related terms in finance and economics.
An in-depth exploration of the Note Issuance Facility (NIF), a method for enabling short-term borrowing in eurocurrency markets, its types, historical context, key events, mathematical models, and more.
A Note Issuance Facility (NIF) is a financial arrangement that provides flexible medium-term financing options, allowing the borrower to issue short-term notes under a committed credit facility.
A detailed overview of the Note of Historical Cost Profits and Losses, its relevance, historical context, and practical applications in financial reporting.
An in-depth exploration of notes to financial statements, including historical context, importance, key components, and real-world examples.
An extensive examination of Notes to the Accounts, including their historical context, categories, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, and related terms.
A detailed explanation of the notional amount, its importance in financial instruments, such as derivatives, and how it influences financial markets.
A comprehensive guide to understanding notional cost, its historical context, types, significance, and examples.
The preset principal amount upon which the exchanged interest payments are based. The hypothetical principal amount on which swap interest payments are based.
Novation refers to the cancellation of the rights and obligations under one legal agreement and their replacement by new ones under another agreement. The usual effect is to change the identity of one of the parties in, e.g., a loan agreement.
Interest-bearing checking accounts available to individual depositors.
An in-depth guide to understanding Net Realizable Value (NRV) in various contexts including accounting, finance, and economics.
The National Stock Exchange (NSE) is a leading stock exchange in India, regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). It plays a pivotal role in the Indian financial market, providing a platform for trading in equities, derivatives, and other financial instruments.
A comprehensive overview of the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), including its history, structure, importance, and functionality in the financial markets.
NSF (Non-Sufficient Funds) refers to a situation where an account does not have enough money to honor a cheque. This entry explores its historical context, implications, types, key events, importance, examples, and more.
Number of Days' Stock Held is a key ratio that measures the average number of days a company holds inventory. This metric provides insights into inventory management efficiency.
An in-depth exploration of the concept of numeraire, its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and examples, enriched with diagrams, related terms, interesting facts, FAQs, references, and more.
An in-depth exploration of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), including its history, importance, and functioning within the financial markets.
A comprehensive overview of the New York Stock Exchange, its historical context, operations, importance, and relevance in the global economy.
Comprehensive Overview of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
NYSE Euronext, a pan-European stock exchange based in Paris, was formed in 2006 through the merger of Euronext and the NYSE Group. It provides markets for both equities and derivatives across multiple European countries.
An in-depth examination of NYSE EURONEXT, covering its historical context, structure, key events, importance, and more.
Explore the intricacies of Option-Adjusted Spread (OAS) in the context of assessing securities with embedded options, its importance in the finance sector, and its application in investment decision-making.
OASDI, an acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance, is a federal program funded by Social Security taxes, providing financial benefits to retirees, survivors of deceased workers, and workers with disabilities.
An in-depth exploration of the objectives of financial statements, their role in economic decision-making, historical context, key principles, and related standards.
The accounting concept of objectivity attempts to minimize subjective actions taken by account preparers to enhance comparability and transparency in financial statements.
An in-depth exploration of Obligación, a bond issued by companies or governments, covering historical context, key events, types, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and more.
An in-depth exploration of obligations, including historical context, types, key events, models, importance, examples, related terms, comparisons, and more.
An in-depth exploration of off-balance-sheet (OBS) items, including their types, key events, implications, and examples.
An in-depth analysis of obsolescence, its types, historical context, impact on depreciation, inventories, and financial implications.
Obsolescence refers to the loss of value of an asset over time due to various factors including technological advancements, market changes, and wear and tear. It is a critical concept in economics, finance, real estate, and several other domains.
An in-depth look at the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), its functions, history, and significance in the U.S. financial system.
A comprehensive guide on Occupational Fraud including its types, key events, detailed explanations, and prevention methods.
An in-depth exploration of occupational pensions, types, benefits, and their significance in retirement planning.
An in-depth look into Occupational Pension Schemes, their types, key events, mathematical models, importance, and applicability.
Ocean Marine Insurance provides coverage for goods transported via sea routes, safeguarding against risks associated with maritime transportation.
An in-depth look into Other Comprehensive Income (OCI), its historical context, significance in financial statements, components, and more.
An in-depth exploration of odds, a crucial concept in probability, gambling, and various other fields, detailing its types, applications, and significance.
The bank or financial institution that initiates an Automated Clearing House (ACH) transaction.
The OECD Composite Leading Indicators (CLI) are a statistical tool used to predict economic trends and provide early signals of turning points in economic activity. Covering multiple countries, these indicators are essential for policymakers and analysts to anticipate changes in the economic cycle.
Off-balance-sheet (OBS) refers to assets or liabilities that do not appear on a company's balance sheet. These arrangements can include complex legal agreements, joint ventures, specially created subsidiaries, securitizations, and other structured finance arrangements.
Off-Balance-Sheet Finance involves the use of leased assets instead of owned buildings and equipment to minimize required capital and mitigate risks associated with asset obsolescence.
Off-budget programs refer to initiatives and expenditures that are funded independently and do not influence regular budget tallies.
An off-take agreement is a pre-purchase contract between a project company and a buyer for the project's output, often used in commodity markets and infrastructure projects.
An offer is the price at which a seller indicates willingness to sell an item or service. Upon acceptance, a legally binding contract is formed.
An in-depth examination of 'Offer by Prospectus,' covering its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, applicable mathematical models, importance, examples, related terms, and much more.
An offer curve represents the locus of trading plans for consumers or countries as relative prices vary. It depicts the optimal trading plans, maximizing utility or economic benefit given budget constraints or international trade considerations.
A comprehensive overview of the Offer for Sale method, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and related terms.
Offer for Sale Placing is a method where shares are sold directly to the public, typically through brokers, enabling companies to raise capital efficiently.
An in-depth look at the Offer Price or Ask Price, its importance in financial markets, historical context, key considerations, and practical examples.
The offer price is the price at which a security is offered for sale by a market maker and also the price at which an institution will sell units in a unit trust. This article delves into its historical context, types, key events, and various aspects related to the offer price.
An in-depth look at the Office for Budget Responsibility, its historical context, roles, and significance in the UK economic landscape.
The Office of Government Commerce (OGC) is an office of HM Treasury established to help government departments and other public sector organizations deliver the best value for money through standards on best practice in procurement, project management, and service management.
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is responsible for preparing the annual federal budget for presentation to Congress and overseeing its administration once passed. The OMB also provides data on the actual performance of federal finances.
The Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) was a regulatory agency that supervised and regulated thrift institutions in the United States. Created by FIRREA, the OTS was later integrated into other regulatory bodies.
An in-depth exploration of Official Development Assistance (ODA), its historical context, categories, key events, mathematical models, importance, and applicability in global development.
Official Financing refers to the adjustments made by a nation's authorities to address imbalances in the balance of payments, using measures like foreign exchange reserves or borrowing from international institutions.
An in-depth exploration of the Official List, covering its role in financial markets, historical context, key features, and much more.
An official receiver is a person appointed by the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills to act as a receiver in bankruptcy and winding-up cases. The High Court and county courts have jurisdiction over insolvency matters, and official receivers serve as officers of the court, often acting as liquidators of companies being wound up.
An in-depth examination of offset accounts, including their definition, historical context, categories, and real-world applications.
Offshore accounts are bank accounts held in a country where the depositor does not reside, frequently utilized for tax benefits, asset protection, and privacy.
Offshore Banking refers to banking services provided by financial institutions located outside the depositor's country of residence, often offering various tax, legal, and financial benefits.
A detailed exploration of offshore companies, their benefits, risks, historical context, and application in modern business.
An Offshore Financial Center (OFC) is a jurisdiction offering favorable conditions for banking and financial services. This encyclopedia entry focuses on the Cayman Islands' role as an OFC.
A comprehensive overview of Offshore Financial Centres, their historical context, types, key events, and their significance in global finance.
A comprehensive guide to understanding Offshore Financial Centres, their historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, and much more.
A comprehensive overview of offshore funds, including their definition, types, benefits, regulations, and their role in the global financial markets.
Detailed Exploration of Offshore Funds: Definition, Benefits, Considerations, and Legal Aspects
A comprehensive exploration of Offshore RMB (CNH), the Renminbi traded outside mainland China, including its historical context, significance, and applications in global finance.
Offshoring involves relocating a business operation from one country to another, typically to reduce costs, access new markets, or avoid domestic restrictions. This practice has significant economic, financial, and managerial implications.
An offtake agreement is a contract between a producer and a buyer to purchase or sell portions of the producer's future output. This document is essential in industries like mining and energy, helping to secure financial stability for producers and steady supply for buyers.
An in-depth examination and evaluation of a company's financial and operational performance.
An in-depth examination of oil price fluctuations, historical context, economic impact, and related phenomena in the global market.
An in-depth exploration of oligopoly, where the market is controlled by a few firms, their strategic interactions, and the resultant equilibria.
A comprehensive look at Omni-Channel Banking, its history, types, key events, models, and significance in modern banking.
Detailed exploration of OMV, its significance in economics and finance, and its broader impact on market transactions.
OMX is a company that owns and operates stock exchanges in Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Armenia; and markets advanced electronic trading systems for derivatives products. OMX became a wholly owned subsidiary of NASDAQ in 2008.
Oncost refers to the additional costs incurred as a result of employing personnel or storing and handling direct materials. It is also an alternative name for overheads.
Detailed exploration of one-off items, their significance, and impact on financial statements.
Learn the distinctions between one-time charges and recurring costs, their definitions, examples, and implications in business and finance.
A comprehensive exploration of One-Time Purchase, the act of acquiring a product or service through a single transaction, including examples, applications in various fields, and comparison with other purchasing models.
An in-depth exploration of onerous contracts, including their definitions, types, key events, mathematical models, practical examples, and relevant legal considerations.
ONESOURCE by Thomson Reuters is a comprehensive platform designed for tax automation and compliance, facilitating seamless management of tax processes for businesses.
Online Banking refers to managing financial accounts and performing transactions via the Internet, providing convenience and 24/7 access to banking services.
A comprehensive guide to understanding Onshore RMB (CNY), its historical context, significance, and detailed explanations about its role in China's economy.
An in-depth look at opaque markets where transparency is limited, and not all information is publicly available.
A comprehensive overview of Other Post-Employment Benefits (OPEB), their types, key events, models, significance, examples, and related terms.
Other Post-Employment Benefits (OPEB) encompass a range of benefits provided to retired employees besides pensions. These benefits often include health care, life insurance, and other forms of deferred compensation.
An economy engaged in transactions with the rest of the world, encompassing trade in goods and services, capital movements, information transfer, technical know-how, and labor migration.
Open Interest (OI) refers to the total number of outstanding contracts in futures and options markets that have not yet been settled, providing key insights into market activity and liquidity.
Comprehensive overview of Open Market Operations (OMO) as a central banking tool for regulating money supply through buying and selling government securities.
A comprehensive overview of open market operations, the primary instrument used by central banks to regulate interest rates and the money supply.
An in-depth exploration of Open Market Operations (OMOs), a key tool used by the Federal Reserve to influence the Federal Funds Rate (FFR).
A comprehensive guide on Open Market Repurchase, its mechanics, significance, and implications in corporate finance.
Open Market Value (OMV) is a financial term used to describe the estimated amount for which a property or asset would be exchanged on the date of valuation between a willing buyer and seller in an arm's length transaction after proper marketing.
