An exploration of Performance-Based Regulation (PBR), a regulatory approach that links revenues to performance metrics instead of costs.
A comprehensive overview of Performance-Related Pay, including its historical context, types, key events, explanations, models, charts, importance, and examples.
Performing assets are loans or advances that are being repaid according to agreed terms. These assets yield scheduled returns and do not pose immediate risk to the financial institution. They are essential for the stability and profitability of financial institutions.
Explore the concept of peril in insurance, highlighting its types, examples, historical context, applicability, and related terms.
A Period Certain Annuity ensures regular payments over a specified period, even if the beneficiary dies before the end of the term.
An in-depth exploration of the Period Concept in accounting, its significance, historical context, types, and practical applications in producing financial statements.
Period costs refer to items of expenditure incurred on a time basis, such as rent, insurance, and business rates. These costs are typically fixed and not associated with a specific activity.
An extensive exploration of the Period of Account, its historical context, types, key events, formulas, importance, examples, considerations, related terms, and more.
The period between the start of an investment project and the time when production using it can start. Long gestation periods make investment riskier and its outcome more difficult to predict.
Detailed explanation of the period-end closing process, including historical context, key events, mathematical formulas, importance, applicability, examples, and related terms.
Understanding Permanent Differences Between Taxable Income and Accounting Income
A comprehensive guide to permanent diminution in value, exploring its definitions, applications in finance, accounting implications, and related concepts.
A comprehensive insight into the concept of Permanent Establishment (PE), its definition, types, examples, historical context, and related terms.
A comprehensive guide to the concept of permanent income, its historical context, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and more.
The Permanent Income Hypothesis posits that consumption is determined by an individual's long-term average income rather than current income. This concept has significant implications for understanding economic behavior and formulating fiscal policies.
A detailed explanation of Permanent Insurance, including its types, features, and benefits. Learn about cash value accumulation and nonforfeiture options.
A comprehensive overview of Permanent Interest Bearing Shares (PIBS), their historical context, characteristics, risks, and market considerations.
Comprehensive coverage on Permanent Interest Bearing Shares (PIBS), including historical context, features, importance, types, key events, and practical examples.
A comprehensive overview of permanent loans, long-term financing solutions for real estate transactions, typically replacing interim financing.
Detailed exploration of Permissible Capital Payment, its historical context, types, key events, models, importance, applicability, and more.
A comprehensive guide to understanding perpetual annuity, its significance in finance, the mathematical models used for valuation, and its practical applications.
A comprehensive approach to auditing that involves continuous assessment and validation of records to ensure accuracy and integrity in financial reporting.
A comprehensive guide on perpetual bonds, which are irredeemable undated bonds that provide a constant stream of interest payments forever.
A detailed exploration of perpetual debt, a financial instrument where the issuer has no obligation to repay the principal.
The perpetual inventory method is a method for estimating a country's total capital stock by summing past investments and adjusting for depreciation.
A comprehensive overview of Perpetuity, including its definition, historical context, types, importance, applicability, examples, and related terms.
Comprehensive coverage on perquisites, their types, historical context, tax implications, and more.
A penalty imposed for repeated inaccuracies in VAT returns, highlighting the financial consequences for persistent errors.
An in-depth exploration of personal accounts, their types, historical context, importance, and applicability in various fields such as finance, banking, and accounting.
Comprehensive explanation of personal accounts, their historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, and more.
An in-depth exploration of the Personal Allowance in the UK, its history, regulations, and implications for taxpayers.
A comprehensive guide to understanding Personal Articles Floater insurance policies, covering high-value items individually listed and appraised for protection against loss, theft, or damage.
An in-depth look at Personal Auto Insurance, covering its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical formulas, importance, applicability, and related terms.
A personal check is a written order from an individual to their bank instructing it to pay a specified amount of money to the bearer or specific person named within.
Personal Disposable Income (PDI) refers to personal income after taxes and social security payments, highlighting the sum available for consumption and saving.
A comprehensive overview of Personal Equity Plans (PEPs), their historical context, mechanics, importance, and their replacement by Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs).
A comprehensive guide to non-deductible personal, living, and family expenses according to IRS regulations. Understanding which personal expenses cannot be deducted from your taxes.
A detailed guide on personal financial planning, covering its importance, key components, strategies, and tips for effective financial management for individuals.
A Personal Identification Number (PIN) is a unique code used for secure authentication in financial and electronic transactions.
Personal Income refers to the total income earned by an individual from all sources before taxes. This entry delves into its historical context, categories, key events, detailed explanations, formulas, and more.
An in-depth exploration of personal income distribution, its historical context, methods of measurement, key events, importance, and applicability.
Personal Income Tax is a direct tax levied on an individual's earnings, which plays a crucial role in funding government services and infrastructure. This comprehensive entry covers its definition, structure, types, historical context, and relevance in modern economics.
Explore the distinctions between personal income taxes and corporate taxes, focusing on tax rates for corporate retained earnings versus personal income taxes on dividends.
An extension of car insurance that covers medical expenses and lost wages under no-fault rules.
An in-depth exploration of the Personal Investment Authority (PIA), its formation, responsibilities, and eventual transition to the Financial Services Authority (FSA).
Comprehensive encyclopedia entry on the concept, types, history, importance, and application of a personal ledger, along with examples, related terms, and frequently asked questions.
Personal Life Insurance offers essential financial protection for individual policyholders and their families by providing monetary benefits in the event of the insured's death.
A personal line of credit is an unsecured revolving credit arrangement with generally higher interest rates due to the lack of collateral.
A detailed overview of personal loans, including historical context, types, key events, applications, and more.
A comprehensive guide to understanding personal loans, their history, types, key events, formulas, applicability, and much more.
A Personal Pension Scheme allows individuals to contribute part of their salary towards a pension provider, such as an insurance company or bank, which invests the funds for retirement.
Insurance that covers personal belongings within the home against loss or damage. It is part of both homeowners and renters insurance, providing protection for your valuables.
The personal sector encompasses households, unincorporated businesses, life assurance and pension funds, and private non-profit-making bodies. It is a key component of the economy, distinct from the corporate and government sectors.
An in-depth look at Personal Service Companies, their historical context, types, key events, explanations, importance, applicability, and related terms.
Explore the concept of Personalized Pricing, a form of dynamic pricing which tailors prices specifically for individual customers based on various factors and data analytics.
The Peso Crisis, also known as the Mexican peso crisis or Tequila crisis, was a financial upheaval in Mexico that began with a significant devaluation of the peso in December 1994 and led to a severe economic recession. This article explores the historical context, key events, impact, recovery measures, and lasting implications of the crisis.
The Peso Problem is the tendency in countries with a history of high inflation for interest rates to remain higher than in other nations. This results from past inflation and currency depreciation experiences, leading to expectations of future instability. It necessitates an interest premium to compensate for perceived risk. While named after Mexico's currency issues, many countries have experienced similar phenomena.
A comprehensive article on pet deposits, detailing their purpose, history, key considerations, and importance in rental agreements.
A detailed examination of petro-currency, its historical context, economic impact, key events, models, and relevance in global trade.
An in-depth look into Petro-Dollars, their historical context, significance in global economics, and influence on international finance.
An in-depth exploration of what a petrodollar is, its history, impact on global economics, and its role in international trade.
A comprehensive exploration of the Petroleum Revenue Tax, its historical significance, types, and implications for the oil and gas industry in the UK.
A comprehensive guide to understanding and managing petty cash in an organization. This article covers historical context, methods, procedures, considerations, and much more.
A comprehensive guide on the Petty-Cash Book, a key tool for recording small cash transactions within an organization.
A comprehensive overview of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI), its history, key events, importance, applicability, and comparisons with other public-private partnership models.
Phantom stock is a compensation strategy where employees receive benefits equivalent to company stock, without actual stock issuance. It serves as a bonus tied to the value of the company’s stock.
An in-depth examination of phantom withdrawals, including historical context, types, key events, technological means of execution, considerations, related terms, and preventive measures.
A flexible approach to retirement that gradually transitions individuals from full-time work to part-time or seasonal employment, aimed at alleviating the pension crisis.
The Phillips Curve describes the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment. This economic model initially depicted the rate of increase in nominal wages against unemployment and has evolved to incorporate inflationary expectations. It helps economists understand the short-term trade-offs between inflation and unemployment and the long-term implications where the expected inflation rate equals the actual rate.
Physical capital refers to the tangible assets that are used in the production of goods and services, including machinery, buildings, and equipment. It plays a crucial role in economic growth and is distinct from financial and human capital.
Physical Depreciation refers to the natural wear and tear on a property over time, with a focus on the exclusion of external factors like obsolescence or market environment.
An in-depth examination of physical inventory, detailing its importance, methods, and implementation in inventory control systems.
A comprehensive examination of physical money, its types, history, and significance in the modern economy.
Physical securities are tangible certificates representing ownership or debt, which require manual handling and safekeeping.
A comprehensive look into the Primary Insurance Amount (PIA), which determines the benefit received in Social Security and related programs.
An in-depth look at Permanent Interest Bearing Shares (PIBS), their historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, and applicability in the financial market.
An in-depth look into Public Interest Entities (PIEs), covering their definition, historical context, key characteristics, importance, regulatory framework, and their role in the financial and economic landscape.
A comprehensive overview of piecework, a payment system where wages are proportional to the quantity of output produced, including historical context, key events, types, advantages, disadvantages, and practical examples.
A comprehensive exploration of the Pigou Effect, detailing its implications, mechanisms, and associated economic dynamics. Analysis includes historical context, key events, and the challenges associated with the theory.
A Pigouvian tax is levied to correct market failures arising from externalities. This article covers its definition, historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical formulas, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, and related terms.
An in-depth exploration of Professional Indemnity Insurance, its historical context, key events, importance, applicability, and related terms.
A comprehensive guide to understanding the concept, importance, and uses of Personal Identification Numbers (PINs).
A detailed exploration of Property Investment Certificates, covering historical context, types, key events, formulas, importance, and more.
An annual publication by the Office for National Statistics that provides comprehensive data on the UK's visible and invisible trade, capital movements, and overseas assets and liabilities.
A detailed overview of Pip (Percentage in Point), its importance in forex trading, calculations, historical context, and applicability in financial markets.
In forex trading, a pip (percentage in point) represents the smallest unit of movement in exchange rates, crucial for understanding market shifts.
A comprehensive exploration of the term 'pipette,' its application in the financial markets, historical context, and key details.
Understanding Pips in Forex Trading: The Building Blocks of Currency Fluctuations
A pitch deck is a succinct presentation designed to provide an overview of your business plan, primarily used to pitch to investors and secure funding.
A comprehensive exploration of Pivot Points in trading, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical formulas, charts, importance, applicability, examples, and more.
A comprehensive overview of a placed deal in the financial sector, its context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, FAQs, and more.
The sale of shares by a company to a selected group of individuals or institutions, often used for raising additional capital.
Comprehensive coverage on placing, an equity financing method where shares are sold to selected investors rather than the general public.
An in-depth look at Plain Vanilla financial instruments, their features, importance, and applicability.
An in-depth exploration of planned investment, including its historical context, categories, key events, mathematical models, and significance in economics and finance.
Detailed examination of Planned Savings, encompassing its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, charts, importance, applicability, and related terms.
An in-depth look at planning variance, its types, causes, and implications for financial management.
An in-depth exploration of the Planning, Programming, Budgeting System (PPBS), a strategic budgeting approach designed for non-profitmaking organizations to align their objectives with long-term plans and effective budget allocation.
A comprehensive overview of plant and equipment as crucial components of property, plant, and equipment (PPE) in accounting, including types, importance, historical context, formulas, key events, and more.
In tax law, plant and machinery refer to the equipment required to operate a business. Capital allowances are available for these assets, and this article provides a detailed explanation, historical context, types, examples, and related terms.
