A specialized trading platform designed to cater to the financial needs and growth opportunities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Detailed exploration of SME Finance, its historical context, types, importance, and applicability, along with examples, related terms, and more.
An in-depth exploration of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), their impact on economies, types, key events, importance, and more.
The Smithsonian Agreement was an international accord reached in 1971 aimed at restoring a Bretton Woods-style system of pegged exchange rates. The agreement, named after the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, DC, where it was signed, sought to stabilize international currencies but lasted only a few months.
Smoothing earnings involves managing and manipulating financial statements to reduce apparent volatility in a company’s earnings over time.
An in-depth exploration of the practice of smurfing in financial transactions, its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and its implications in the world of finance and banking.
An in-depth exploration of the 'Snake in the Tunnel,' an expression denoting an agreement by a group of countries to stabilize exchange rates within narrower margins than allowed by a broader flexible exchange rate system. This system was employed by some European countries before the European Monetary System's inception in 1979.
A comprehensive guide to Short-Term Note Issuance Facility (SNIF) including historical context, types, key events, explanations, and importance.
An in-depth analysis of Social Charges, their types, historical context, applicability, and impact on labor costs.
An in-depth exploration of social cost, including its definition, significance, types, key events, detailed explanations, and examples. A comprehensive guide to understanding the complete cost of any activity, including private and external costs.
The Social Internal Rate of Return (SIRR) represents the discount rate that equalizes the net present social benefits of future real gains from private activities to the real social costs. It incorporates societal benefits and costs including externalities.
An in-depth exploration of social lending, also known as peer-to-peer lending, including its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and its importance and applicability in modern finance.
An in-depth exploration of Social Opportunity Cost, its historical context, categories, key events, mathematical models, importance, and applications in various fields.
A Social Planner is a theoretical construct in economics, representing a benevolent decision-maker who aims to maximize social welfare or achieve Pareto efficiency.
An in-depth look at Social Responsibility Reporting, encompassing its significance in business and its impact on stakeholders. We explore historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, charts, examples, and related terms.
Comprehensive exploration of Social Security Benefits, their types, eligibility, historical context, and importance in the social welfare system.
An in-depth look at Social Security Contributions, their historical context, types, key events, and importance in funding social safety nets.
A Social Security Number (SSN) is a unique identifier assigned to U.S. citizens and eligible residents used primarily for employment, social benefits, and tax purposes.
An in-depth look at Social Security Taxes, their history, function, impact on society, and key considerations for taxpayers.
The Social Security Wage Base is the maximum amount of earnings subject to Social Security tax, which adjusts annually.
An exploration of the value society places on present consumption relative to future consumption and its implications in cost-benefit analysis, economics, and finance.
An exploration of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), its historical context, types, key events, methodologies, and its significance in the modern financial landscape.
SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) is a benchmark interest rate for dollar-denominated derivatives and loans that reflects the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities, providing a stable and tamper-resistant alternative to LIBOR.
SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) is a benchmark interest rate for dollar-denominated derivatives and loans, serving as the replacement for LIBOR.
Comprehensive coverage of soft commodities, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and more.
A comprehensive overview of soft currency, its characteristics, historical context, differences from hard currency, and its economic implications.
A detailed exploration of soft currency, its characteristics, significance in the global economy, and the contrasts with hard currency.
A comprehensive look at soft inquiries, credit checks that do not affect credit scores. Learn types, considerations, examples, and more.
Distinguishing between soft and hard inquiries is essential for understanding credit scores. Learn about their implications, categories, key events, and more.
Exploring the concept of soft landing in both economic and astronautic contexts, including historical origins, types, key events, explanations, and its importance in various fields.
A comprehensive exploration of the concept of soft landing in economics, its historical context, significance, and key considerations.
Explore the concept of Soft Loans, their types, historical context, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, related terms, and more.
A detailed examination of soft loans, including historical context, key events, types, benefits, and comparisons to hard loans.
An in-depth examination of the Sold Ledger, including its historical context, key events, explanations, formulas, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, and more.
Sole Ownership refers to property ownership where one individual has full control and responsibility over the property.
An in-depth look at sole proprietorship, its history, benefits, drawbacks, applicability, and key considerations.
A Solo 401(k) is a retirement plan designed specifically for self-employed individuals or small business owners with no employees.
The Solow Growth Model explains economic growth through the accumulation of capital, considering factors such as labor, capital stock, savings, and depreciation.
A neoclassical model that attributes long-term economic growth to exogenous technological progress, capital accumulation, and labor force growth, but eventually emphasizes the diminishing returns to capital investment.
A comprehensive exploration of solvency, its significance in finance, banking, and business, as well as its application, assessment, and key considerations.
Solvency refers to the possession of assets in excess of a person or a firm's liabilities, and is a key factor in determining the financial stability and viability of an entity.
Solvency II is a European Union directive that codifies and harmonizes European insurance regulation. It focuses on risk-based capital requirements, ensuring that insurance firms hold enough capital to mitigate risks.
The Solvency II Directive is a legislative framework designed to establish EU-wide capital requirements and risk management standards for insurance firms.
An in-depth look at Solvency Margin, including its definition, importance, calculation, and historical context, ensuring the financial stability of insurance companies.
Solvency ratios are financial metrics used to assess a company's long-term viability and ability to meet its long-term obligations.
An in-depth analysis of solvency risk, including historical context, types, key events, models, examples, considerations, related terms, FAQs, and more.
A solvency statement is a declaration that a company remains financially solvent following a specific transaction. It is vital in safeguarding stakeholders' interests by ensuring continued operational viability.
Solvency indicates the overall viability of an institution, and capital adequacy specifically measures its capital relative to risk-weighted assets, emphasizing its ability to withstand financial stress.
SONIA (Sterling Overnight Index Average) is a key benchmark for overnight unsecured transactions in the sterling market. This article explores its historical context, significance, calculations, and applications in the financial sector.
An in-depth look at SONIA, the Sterling Overnight Index Average, and its role in the financial markets.
SONIA, or Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate, is an index tracking sterling overnight funding rates for trades during off hours, serving as a proxy for market interest rate expectations.
An all-encompassing guide to understanding the term 'Sophisticated Investor,' including definitions, examples, key considerations, and related terms.
Guidelines for preparing charity accounts
A detailed exploration of the Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP), including its historical context, importance, and application in various fields.
A Sort Code is a sequence of numbers used in the UK to identify the branch holding a bank account. It is essential for various financial transactions, including electronic payments and cheque processing. The US equivalent is the routing number.
An in-depth exploration of sound money, its historical context, types, key events, and its importance in maintaining stable purchasing power.
An in-depth explanation of the Source and Application of Funds, including its historical context, importance, types, and key components, with illustrative examples and charts.
A comprehensive look at source documents, their types, importance, and usage in various fields like accounting, finance, and business management.
An extensive overview of the various sources from which businesses obtain their capital, including owner savings, borrowing, selling equity, depreciation allowances, trade credit, and government funding.
Sovereign bonds are debt securities issued by a national government, with a promise to pay periodic interest payments and to repay the face value on the maturity date.
Sovereign Bonds are debt securities issued by national governments, often considered low-risk investment vehicles, particularly when issued by economically stable countries.
Sovereign Credit Ratings are evaluations of a country's creditworthiness, providing insight into the country’s ability to repay debts. These ratings play a crucial role in global finance, impacting investment decisions and borrowing costs.
Sovereign Debt, issued by national governments, reflects borrowing in reserve currencies. Its perceived risk has evolved over time, influenced by factors such as debt-to-GDP ratios and economic crises.
An in-depth look at Sovereign Debt, its historical context, types, key events, models, importance, applicability, and more.
An in-depth look at Sovereign Ratings, their importance, history, types, key events, implications, and more.
Sovereign risk, also known as political credit risk, refers to the risk that a foreign government will default on its financial obligations. This comprehensive article covers the historical context, types, key events, and detailed explanations of sovereign risk, including mathematical models and charts.
An in-depth exploration of Sovereign Risk Insurance, focusing on the protection against default risk of sovereign debt. Learn about its historical context, types, key events, importance, and applications in the financial world.
Detailed overview of Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs), including their definitions, types, examples, historical context, and applicability.
Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF): State-owned investment funds used to manage national savings and investments, often originating from foreign-exchange reserves accumulated from commodity exports such as oil.
Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are state-owned investment funds used to manage a nation's resources and invest in foreign assets, often with the goal of ensuring long-term economic stability and growth.
An in-depth look at the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, its historical context, key provisions, and its impact on corporate governance and financial regulations.
An exploration of Spatial Models in product differentiation, focusing on producers' and consumers' locations in a characteristics space, transportation costs, and various types like linear and circular city models.
An in-depth examination of Spatial Price Discrimination, where firms adjust pricing strategies based on the geographic location to maximize profits under imperfect competition.
Detailed description of Special Allocation, its types, historical context, applicability, and more.
A Special Assessment Bond is a type of municipal bond repaid through charges levied against specific properties benefiting from the funded project. It allows municipalities to finance infrastructure and other local improvements by issuing bonds that are not backed by general taxes, but rather by assessments against properties that directly benefit from the project.
Special Assessment Districts are geographic areas where property owners are levied direct charges to fund public improvements that directly benefit their properties. This entry explores their definition, types, benefits, potential drawbacks, and historical context.
Comprehensive examination of Special Deposits, their historical context, importance, applicability, and detailed explanations within the banking and finance sectors.
A comprehensive overview of special dividends, their historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, and more.
An in-depth exploration of Special Drawing Rights (SDR), their historical context, types, key events, importance, and applicability in the global financial system.
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) are an international monetary resource in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), defined as a weighted average of various convertible currencies. This article covers the historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, and their importance and applicability in modern finance.
Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are designated areas within a country where economic regulations differ from those in other regions. They aim to attract business and investment by offering favorable conditions.
Special Items refer to non-recurring financial events which can significantly impact a company's financial statements, often used interchangeably with unusual items, though sector-specific definitions may vary.
A scheme introduced by the Bank of England in 2008 to improve the liquidity of the banking system during the financial crisis by allowing banks and building societies to swap high-quality securities for UK Treasury bills.
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) are companies created with no commercial operations and solely for the purpose of raising capital through an Initial Public Offering (IPO) to acquire or merge with an existing company.
A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) is a subsidiary created by a parent company to isolate financial risk. This article delves into its historical context, types, key events, explanations, models, importance, examples, and more.
A comprehensive look at special revenue, its historical context, types, key events, formulas, and importance in various sectors.
A comprehensive guide to Special Revenue Funds, used for specific projects funded by dedicated revenue sources.
An in-depth exploration of investment opportunities known as Special Situations, characterized by atypical corporate events that can significantly influence a company's stock price.
Specie refers to money in the form of coins rather than notes, playing a crucial role in historical and modern economies.
An in-depth look at Specie Payment, its history, key events, types, and implications in finance and economics.
An in-depth look at Specific Bank Guarantees, their historical context, types, importance, and examples in finance.
Specific Order Costing, also known as job costing, is a cost allocation method used for specific customer orders. It is applicable in industries where products are customized.
Specific provisions are financial reserves set aside for known liabilities, unlike general provisions which cater to anticipated but unspecified future losses.
Specific risk, also known as idiosyncratic risk, is the risk related to individual assets or firms that can be mitigated through diversification.
A specific tax is a tax levied as a fixed sum on each physical unit of the good taxed, regardless of its price. Unlike ad valorem taxes, specific taxes provide administrative ease but are subject to inflation erosion.
A comprehensive exploration of speculation, an economic activity aimed at profiting from expected changes in the prices of goods, assets, or currencies.
A speculative bubble is a market phenomenon characterized by rapid escalation of asset prices followed by a contraction, typically driven by speculative trading rather than fundamental value.
A speculative bubble is an economic cycle characterized by a rapid escalation of asset prices followed by a contraction. It is marked by the crowd behavior of market participants resulting in prices rising far above their intrinsic value, and ultimately bursting, leading to a sharp decline.
Speculative Capital refers to funds invested with the intent to profit from short-term price fluctuations in various financial instruments, closely related to hot money.
A detailed exploration of speculative grade securities, their characteristics, risks, and implications in the financial markets.
