The Behavioural Insights Team, also known as the 'Nudge Unit', is a social purpose company formerly part of the UK government. This team utilizes behavioural sciences to design cost-effective public policies aimed at inducing desirable behavioural responses and facilitating better individual choices.
An in-depth exploration of the concept of Benefit Caps, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, and applicability.
An in-depth exploration of the benefits system that provides income and services to maintain welfare standards for a country's residents.
A comprehensive guide to understanding Bid Proposals, their importance, components, types, and best practices.
An in-depth look at the Big Society agenda of the UK Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government launched in 2010 aimed at local governance empowerment, public service innovation, and community involvement.
Bilateral aid refers to direct financial assistance from one government to another, aiming to support development projects, economic growth, and political stability.
A comprehensive overview of the Bill of Attainder, a legislative act that singles out an individual or group for punishment without a trial. Understand its definition, historical context, legal implications, and more.
A comprehensive guide to understanding the Black Economy, its historical context, types, key events, explanations, and more.
A Blind Trust manages the private financial affairs of a person in public office without informing them of the transactions, preventing conflicts of interest. Explore its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, and more.
A block grant is a form of financial aid provided to an organization in the public sector, allowing them flexibility in determining how to spend the grant. These grants enable efficient resource allocation, tailored to meet specific local needs and priorities.
A comprehensive guide on the UK Blue Book, an annual publication by the Office for National Statistics detailing national income and expenditure data.
An in-depth exploration of Bona Vacantia, which refers to goods without an apparent owner. Learn about its historical context, key events, applicability, and related concepts.
A comprehensive guide to the Borda Count voting system, covering its history, method, applications, and comparisons with other voting systems.
An exploration of the Bracero Program, a bilateral agreement between the U.S. and Mexico that allowed Mexican laborers to work temporarily in the U.S. agricultural sector.
An in-depth exploration of Budget Authority, its types, historical context, and significance in public finance.
A comprehensive exploration of budget surplus, its historical context, types, key events, explanations, models, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, and more.
A comprehensive guide to understanding the concept of the budget year, its historical context, applications in government and finance, and related terms.
The Budgetary Control Committee within the European Parliament is responsible for examining reports from the European Court of Auditors (ECA) to ensure the proper use of the EU budget.
Government-issued authorizations that grant permission to begin construction or significant renovation work. Learn about types, considerations, examples, and historical context.
The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) is a crucial division within the US Department of Commerce, responsible for compiling and publishing comprehensive national income accounts, which serve as key indicators of the United States' economic health.
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is a U.S. federal agency responsible for administering public lands for various uses, ensuring sustainable management for recreation, conservation, and resource extraction.
A comprehensive guide to understanding Business Rate Supplements, their importance, applicability, and impact on local economies.
Business Rates are the local tax paid by businesses in the UK, based on the local valuation of the property and the Uniform Business Rate set by central government.
The transport of goods or passengers between two places in the same country by a foreign vessel.
An exploration of cabotage, its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, examples, and more.
A comprehensive guide to cadastral maps, including their definition, historical context, types, applications, regulatory significance, examples, related terms, and FAQs.
An in-depth examination of the Cadbury Report on the financial aspects of corporate governance in the UK, its recommendations, significance, and long-lasting impact.
An in-depth exploration of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, including historical context, key events, importance, and implications for automotive manufacturers and consumers in the United States.
An in-depth overview of CAFR, its significance, structure, historical context, key components, and related terminology.
Comprehensive Overview of the CAN-SPAM Act, Its Requirements, Implications, and Historical Context
The Canada Pension Plan (CPP) is a comprehensive national retirement pension scheme in Canada, designed to provide a basic level of income to Canadian retirees. This entry explores its historical context, key features, and importance.
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a system of European Union (EU) policies and programs designed to support agriculture and rural development within member states.
Comprehensive overview of capital controls including definitions, types, examples, historical context, applicability, related terms, and FAQs.
Comprehensive coverage of CRD IV, including historical context, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, FAQs, and references.
An in-depth analysis of the Carbon Tax, its historical context, types, importance, and applicability in mitigating CO2 emissions.
An in-depth look at Carry-Back Relief, a tax relief mechanism allowing businesses to apply current period losses to previous periods for tax benefits.
A Categorical Exclusion (CE) is a category of actions that the Federal Government has determined do not individually or cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment and therefore neither require an Environmental Assessment (EA) nor an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).
A comprehensive exploration of categorical grants, their types, historical context, key events, and importance in public finance. Includes examples, related terms, and more.
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) provides non-partisan, objective analyses to assist the U.S. Congress in economic and budgetary decisions.
Comprehensive overview of the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program for developing viable urban communities through grants.
A comprehensive overview of ceiling price, its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, and more.
The CEQ is the federal agency responsible for overseeing the implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). It ensures federal activities comply with environmental laws and promotes sustainable practices.
An in-depth exploration of CERCLA, its historical context, key events, significance, and its role in addressing hazardous waste sites.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known as Superfund, is a federal law enacted to address the cleanup of hazardous waste sites and hold liable parties accountable.
An essential document issued by local authorities signifying that a building complies with all applicable building codes and is safe for occupancy.
A comprehensive guide to the Certification Process, detailing mandatory verification procedures to confirm an employee's eligibility for the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC).
A writ by which a higher court reviews a decision of a lower court.
The Charity Commission is a governmental body responsible for the regulation and oversight of charities in England and Wales. It provides guidance and investigates charities, ensuring adherence to the Charities Act 2011.
The Chicago Convention, formally known as the Convention on International Civil Aviation, is a foundational treaty that established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and set international standards for aviation safety, security, and efficiency.
Chief Counsel Advice (CCA) is issued by the IRS Office of Chief Counsel to provide written guidance and instructions on various tax-related matters.
Regulations intended to protect minors from exploitation in the workforce.
An in-depth exploration of the Child Tax Credit (CTC), a tax credit designed to relieve the tax burden on families with dependent children.
A comprehensive look at the UK government-backed Child Trust Fund, introduced on 6 April 2005, designed to encourage savings for children.
The Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provides health coverage to eligible children, offering a safety net for children from low-income families through Medicaid and separate state programs.
Detailed explanation of Circuit Courts including historical context, types, key events, functions, examples, and related terms.
A comprehensive overview of the Construction Industry Scheme (CIS), its historical context, categories, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, and related terms.
Civil registration refers to the legal recording of vital events such as births, deaths, and marriages by government authorities, forming the basis for compiling vital statistics.
An in-depth exploration of the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS), its historical context, benefit structures, eligibility requirements, and its evolution into FERS.
An in-depth exploration of the Clean Air Act (CAA), covering its history, key provisions, impacts, and significance in environmental regulation.
An in-depth exploration of the Clean Air Act, its purpose, key provisions, historical context, and its impact on the environment and public health.
An in-depth exploration of the Clean Air Act, a cornerstone of environmental legislation in the United States that aims to reduce air pollution and protect public health.
An in-depth exploration of the Clean Air Act, its historical context, key events, impact, and significance in atmospheric pollution control in the United States.
The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the cornerstone of surface water quality protection in the United States, aimed at reducing pollutant discharges and maintaining the integrity of the nation's waters.
The Clergy Housing Exclusion, also known as the parsonage allowance, refers to the tax exemption provided to members of the clergy for housing-related expenses.
A comprehensive explanation of click-through nexus, its historical context, implications, key events, and detailed descriptions. Understand its importance in e-commerce and tax regulation.
An in-depth exploration of the Climate Change Levy, a UK tax on energy supplies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Includes historical context, key events, applicability, and impacts.
An in-depth exploration of what constitutes a Close Company, its implications, historical context, key events, and other relevant details.
A comprehensive guide to the Competition and Markets Authority, its history, roles, functions, and importance.
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) represents a comprehensive codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the U.S. federal government.
An in-depth look into coercive power, its historical context, applications, and implications in various fields such as management, government regulations, and psychology.
Collective Bargaining involves negotiation between employers and employees, represented by a union, to determine wages, terms of employment, and other workplace conditions.
A civil servant responsible for the collection of taxes for which assessments have been raised by Inspectors of Taxes and for the collection of tax under the pay-as-you-earn system.
The Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific is a regional intergovernmental organization established in 1951 aimed at fostering economic and social growth in member countries.
An in-depth overview of Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT), its historical context, key events, measures, importance, and related terms.
Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) involves a set of policies, regulations, and procedures aimed at identifying and obstructing the funding of terrorist activities.
The Commerce Clause is a provision in the United States Constitution that grants Congress the authority to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states, and with Native American tribes.
An in-depth exploration of government policies affecting foreign trade, including tariffs, trade subsidies, quotas, and more.
The process of appointing a notary by a state or provincial authority, ensuring official validation to perform notarial acts.
Detailed explanation of committees, their types, functions, and significance in various organizational settings.
The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a US federal agency established in 1933 to provide price support for US farmers, ensuring financial stability and fostering agricultural sustainability through secured loans and strategic crop management.
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is a U.S. federal agency that regulates the futures and options markets. This entry provides a detailed overview of the CFTC's role, history, applicability, and related terminology.
An in-depth look at the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union, its historical context, mechanisms, impacts, reforms, and significance in global trade.
The Common Reporting Standard (CRS) is a global framework developed to facilitate the automatic exchange of financial account information among tax authorities worldwide.
An in-depth guide to understanding the Common Reporting Standard (CRS), its historical context, categories, key events, and importance in global finance.
A comprehensive look at the Common Reporting Standard (CRS), its history, implementation, and significance in the global financial landscape.
CDBG provides communities with resources to address a wide range of community development needs, supporting economic development, housing improvements, and infrastructure enhancement.
An in-depth look at Community Development Block Grants (CDBG), federal grants provided to local governments to support community development projects. Learn about their purpose, history, and impact.
Community Rating is a system where insurance premiums are the same for all insured parties within a group, irrespective of individual loss experiences.
Comprehensive overview of the Companies Act 1989, incorporating the Eighth Company Law Directive into UK national law, with historical context, key events, importance, applicability, examples, and related terms.
Comprehensive coverage on the Companies Acts, historical context, key events, types of company legislation, and their impact on company regulation.
An overview of Companies House, the official government body in the UK responsible for the registration and dissolution of companies, including its history, functions, and importance.
An EU directive aimed at increasing the transparency and reliability of financial statements and reports, enhancing public confidence in financial reporting within the EU.
An in-depth exploration of the various systems used to tax company profits, including historical context, key models, and their impact on businesses and shareholders.
The Comparable Uncontrolled Price (CUP) method ensures arm's length pricing by comparing transactions between associated enterprises with comparable transactions between independent enterprises.
Comprehensive overview of compensation funds, including definitions, types, applicability, and historical context.
The national regulatory body responsible for overseeing financial services firms in each member state.
An in-depth overview of the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), including its history, functions, key events, and significance.
An in-depth look at the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority, its historical context, functions, key events, and relevance.
Government policies aimed at promoting competition by regulating market structures and firm behaviors to prevent monopolistic practices.
Compliance Reports document adherence to legal and regulatory requirements to demonstrate accountability and avoid penalties.
