Illegal subjects refer to topics or matters that cannot be negotiated within agreements, typically because they violate labor laws, individual rights, or public policy.
The concept of Immigration refers to the process of moving into a new country for the purpose of residence. This detailed entry explores definitions, types, historical context, applicability, related terms, FAQs, and more.
A comprehensive examination of immigration policy, encompassing historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, charts and diagrams, importance, applicability, examples, and more.
A detailed exploration of the concept of immunity, examining its legal implications, types, historical context, and applications.
Explore the differences between immunity and indemnity, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, legal aspects, practical examples, and related terms.
Impairment-Related Work Expenses (IRWE) are costs directly associated with a person's disability and deducted from gross earnings for substantial gainful activity (SGA) determination.
An Implicit Government Guarantee refers to the presumed support the government will provide to Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) during times of financial distress, even though there is no explicit, legally binding guarantee.
An in-depth exploration of import controls, their purposes, types, historical context, implications, and related terms in the context of economics and international trade.
An in-depth exploration of the Import Duties Act of 1932, its historical context, implications, and legacy in UK trade policy.
A comprehensive overview of import duty, including its definition, historical context, key events, detailed explanations, and applicability in various industries.
An import levy, also known as a tariff, is a tax imposed by a government on goods and services imported into a country. This article covers historical context, types of tariffs, key events, economic models, and real-world examples.
An Import Licence is a permit from the government to import particular goods, aimed at protecting domestic producers, improving the balance of trade, or facilitating control over dangerous materials.
A comprehensive guide to understanding import quotas, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical models, charts and diagrams, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, famous quotes, FAQs, and references.
In-depth exploration of import restriction, its types, historical context, key events, importance, and related terms.
An import tariff is a tax imposed by a government on goods and services imported into the country, influencing the price and competitiveness of foreign products. This guide covers the historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, models, and more.
An in-depth examination of inclusionary zoning policies, their historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, and more.
An in-depth exploration of income codes, their importance in financial management, and related concepts.
Income Support refers to government payments aimed at maintaining individuals' incomes at a minimum prescribed level in cases such as illness, old age, disability, or unemployment.
An in-depth exploration of Income Tax, its history, categories, key events, mathematical models, and more.
Detailed exploration of the Income Tax Act 2007, its provisions, historical context, importance, types, key events, and examples.
Increment Financing encompasses Tax Increment Financing (TIF) and other mechanisms of financing based on incremental revenue to promote development and investment.
An in-depth examination of Indefinite Delivery Vehicles (IDVs), types, applications, and strategic importance in procurement processes.
Understanding Indefinite Quantity Contracts, their types, importance, and practical applications.
An in-depth look at independent expenditures, political campaign communications advocating for the election or defeat of candidates without coordination with any candidate or campaign.
An in-depth look into the concept of indirect tax, its historical context, types, key events, formulas, importance, and applications.
Indirect taxation is a form of tax collected by an intermediary (such as a retailer) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (such as the consumer). This article provides a comprehensive understanding of indirect taxes, their types, historical context, and economic implications.
Detailed exploration of indirect taxes, including their types, historical context, importance, and applicability.
A former ACA requirement that required all Americans to have health insurance or pay a penalty, which has since been eliminated.
An Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) is issued by the IRS to individuals required to have a U.S. taxpayer identification number but who are not eligible to obtain a Social Security Number (SSN).
An extensive exploration of Industrial Licensing, detailing its history, categories, regulatory frameworks, importance, and real-world applications.
An in-depth examination of industrial policies, their historical context, types, key events, importance, and applications. Includes diagrams, examples, related terms, and much more.
An in-depth exploration of infrastructure, its types, historical context, importance, and various related aspects essential to the proper functioning of an economy.
A comprehensive examination of the capital equipment and systems that provide essential public services such as transport, telecommunications, and utilities, vital for the functioning of modern economies.
An in-depth examination of inheritance tax, covering its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and more.
Injured Spouse Relief provides financial protection for a spouse whose share of a tax refund has been intercepted to pay the other spouse's past debts. This relief ensures that a spouse is not unjustly penalized for debts that are not their own.
A comprehensive guide on Inland Revenue, the former agency responsible for tax collection in the United Kingdom.
Innocent Spouse Relief is a tax provision allowing a spouse to be relieved of responsibility for tax, interest, and penalties due to errors made by the other spouse.
The Insolvency Service is an executive agency of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills that investigates the affairs of bankrupts and firms that have been liquidated by the court. It acts as a liquidator, supervises individual voluntary arrangements, and performs various other administrative functions.
A comprehensive exploration of insurgency, its historical context, types, key events, and impact.
A comprehensive guide to the Interest Equalization Tax, a US tax on foreign portfolio borrowing, introduced in 1963 to curb capital outflows and abolished in 1974.
An interim injunction is a temporary injunction granted before the final resolution of a case, serving as a provisional measure to preserve the status quo and prevent irreparable harm.
The IRSF was a financial mechanism created to stabilize government revenue flows during periods of economic volatility, lacking the long-term savings component found in modern stabilization funds.
A comprehensive article about Internal Balance, explaining its importance, types, historical context, models, and how it contrasts with External Balance.
An in-depth look at the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), the federal tax law of the USA that governs tax regulations for individuals and entities.
A comprehensive exploration of the concept of internalizing externalities, focusing on how external costs are incorporated into market activities through various mechanisms such as taxes or regulations.
Comprehensive coverage of International Aid, its history, types, key events, significance, and more.
International Migration encompasses the movement of individuals across country borders for various purposes including employment, education, and asylum. This article explores historical context, types, key events, and implications of this global phenomenon.
A comprehensive overview of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), their history, significance, application, and key standards.
An overview of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), a U.S. agency established in 1887 to regulate rail traffic and later extended to other transportation modes, its historical context, key events, functions, significance, and eventual dissolution.
A detailed examination of the Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act (ILSFDA), its historical context, key provisions, significance in real estate, and implications for consumers.
An in-depth look at the concept of an Intervenor in the context of Qui Tam litigation, its historical context, importance, applicability, and related legal frameworks.
The Investment Services Directive (ISD), an EU directive established in 1993, provided a regulatory framework for securities dealing across Europe. It ensured that securities firms approved by their domestic regulators could operate at a European level. The ISD was superseded by the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) in 2007, enhancing the single market for financial services.
The Investment Services Directive (ISD) was an essential regulatory framework in the European Union (EU) that laid the groundwork for the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), fostering a harmonized approach to investment services.
An Invitation for Bid (IFB) is a formal method used in public procurement to solicit bids for goods or services. Detailed information about the IFB's structure, applications, and notable considerations are provided.
IOSCO, or the International Organization for Securities Commissions, plays a crucial role in developing and promoting global securities regulation standards to protect investors and ensure fair markets.
IR35 is a regulation introduced in the Finance Act 2000 in the United Kingdom to combat tax avoidance by individuals supplying services to clients via an intermediary. This rule ensures that such individuals are taxed as employees rather than as self-employed, leading to necessary PAYE deductions and National Insurance contributions.
Comprehensive coverage of the Internal Revenue Code, its historical context, key provisions, implications, and related financial and legal frameworks.
The Internal Revenue Code (IRC) is the comprehensive set of federal tax laws that dictate tax policy, tax computations, tax collections, and enforcement protocols in the United States. This critical financial framework ensures uniform compliance and integrity in the federal taxation system.
Detailed examination of IRC Section 2503(e), a U.S. tax code provision detailing the laws around qualified transfers.
A comprehensive overview of IRC Section 409A, which regulates the treatment of deferred compensation in the U.S. tax code.
The IRS is the U.S. federal agency responsible for tax collection and tax law enforcement.
An in-depth review by the IRS of an individual's or organization's accounts and financial information to ensure that all information is accurately reported according to tax laws.
IRS Form 2350 is used by U.S. citizens and resident aliens living outside the U.S. to request an extension for filing their tax return if they expect to qualify for special tax treatment.
A comprehensive guide to understanding IRS guidelines, their historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, applicability, and more.
An IRS levy is a legal seizure of property to satisfy a tax debt. It represents one of the most aggressive collection mechanisms employed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to collect taxes owed.
Comprehensive guidelines provided by the IRS on the proper documentation and deduction of travel, entertainment, gift, and car expenses for business purposes.
Free resources provided by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that are informative but less comprehensive than CCH's expert analyses.
A comprehensive guide to IRS Regulations, the guidelines issued by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to implement and clarify the Internal Revenue Code (IRC).
Comprehensive definition and explanation of IRS Section 368, which defines various types of corporate reorganizations under U.S. tax law, including the different types of reorganizations, examples, historical context, applicability, and related terms.
Comprehensive overview of the Investment Services Directive (ISD), its historical context, significance, and key elements.
Comprehensive overview of ISO 3166-1 alpha-3, the standard for three-letter country codes used internationally.
A comprehensive guide to the Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN), its purpose, application, and significance for U.S. taxpayers who are not eligible for a Social Security Number (SSN).
A comprehensive guide to the J-1 Visa, a non-immigrant visa issued by the United States for exchange visitors participating in programs that promote cultural exchange.
A comprehensive policy proposal where the government guarantees employment for everyone who wants to work.
Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) is a financial benefit provided by the UK government to unemployed individuals actively seeking employment. This article provides a detailed overview including types, eligibility, application process, and more.
Detailed insight into Jobcentre Plus, a government organization providing support, advice, and resources to job seekers in the UK.
Comprehensive examination of the JOBS Act, aimed at increasing access to capital for small businesses and facilitating private capital formation.
Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) is a financial support system in the UK for unemployed individuals actively seeking work, introduced in 1996.
Judicial Review is the power of courts to assess whether a law, legislative act, or administrative action is in compliance with the constitution.
Comprehensive exploration of judicial rulings, which entail court decisions interpreting laws, different from the legislative creation of laws.
Exploring the definition, implications, and nuances of the term juvenile, particularly in legal systems for minors, crime, and rehabilitation.
KYC (Know Your Customer) refers to the procedures financial institutions utilize to verify their customers' identities and prevent illegal activities such as money laundering and fraud.
Comprehensive coverage of labor laws, their historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, interesting facts, and more.
Comprehensive overview of labor rights, encompassing historical context, types, key events, legal frameworks, and importance in promoting fair workplace conditions.
Labor standards are regulations that ensure fair employment conditions. They cover a wide range of issues including minimum wage laws, working hours, health and safety standards, and rights to collective bargaining among others.
Land reform comprises various government-initiated measures aimed at redistributing land ownership and changing land tenure systems to address economic and social inequalities. This entry explores the historical context, types, key events, formulas, importance, examples, considerations, and related terms.
Comprehensive overview of the Land Registry, a government office where deeds and records of land ownership are kept, including its functions, historical context, and significance.
In the UK, a tax charge on the commercial disposal of waste by way of landfill.
A comprehensive guide to understanding lawsuits - cases brought before a court for adjudication, including types, historical context, and related legal terms.
The Lead Plaintiff is an individual(s) who represent the class in a class action lawsuit, standing as the primary advocate for the collective interests of the plaintiffs involved.
A detailed overview of the Legal Entity Identifier (LEI), its importance, history, application, and examples in the context of financial transactions.
Legal immunity is a protection from legal action, granted under specific legal circumstances, often to certain individuals or entities to perform certain functions or duties without fear of litigation.
An in-depth examination of legal loopholes, including historical context, key events, detailed explanations, examples, and much more.
A comprehensive exploration of the concept of a legal person, its historical context, categories, key events, and importance in various domains.
An in-depth exploration of Legal Status, its definitions, variations, contexts, and implications in politics, economics, and social sciences.
An in-depth exploration of the Legal Tender Act, its historical context, impact on the economy, and long-term effects on U.S. monetary policy.
Understand the distinction between legal tender and scrip, their definitions, historical context, and practical applications.
A comprehensive overview of Liberal Trade Policy, emphasizing its historical context, principles, implementation, benefits, and real-world examples.
Liberalization refers to the relaxation of government restrictions in economic policies, often accompanying privatization, to foster a more open and competitive market environment.
Explore the historical context, types, key events, and the profound impact of liberalized economies, encompassing changes in government policies, trade, and market dynamics.
