History

New Deal: Collection of Political and Economic Policies and Programs
A comprehensive look at the New Deal, a collection of political and economic policies and programs promulgated by the first two administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt aimed at combating the economic miseries of the Great Depression.
Organized Labor: Structure and Influence
A comprehensive look at organized labor in the United States, focusing on its structure, history, and the role of major unions like the AFL-CIO.
Pareto's Law: Income Distribution and Economic Dynamics
An in-depth look at Pareto's Law, which posits the constant pattern of income distribution across different societies and times, including the concept of Pareto Optimality.
Parliamentary Procedure: Formal Procedure Followed in the Conduct of Meetings
Parliamentary Procedure refers to the formal procedures followed in the conduct of meetings, usually guided by Robert's Rules of Order, to expedite and organize the meeting's agenda.
Party Line: Traditional Shared Telephone Service
Party Line is a traditional telephony service available at a lower rate than a private line. It allows multiple users to share the same line but ensures no interference among users.
Payola: Secret or Private Payment for Promotion
An in-depth exploration of Payola, its origins, applications, and implications in various industries, particularly in the music and record industry.
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant Overview
A comprehensive overview of PDAs, handheld personal computers with touch screens or limited keyboards, primarily used as address books and schedulers, now largely supplanted by smartphones.
Peon: Overview of the Term and Historical Context
A comprehensive exploration of the term 'Peon,' its historical origins, usage in different cultures, and contemporary relevance.
Picketing: Practice of Publicizing Disputes or Securing Support
Picketing is the practice used in labor and political disputes, involving patrolling, usually with placards, to publicize a dispute or secure support for a cause. It is a constitutionally protected exercise of free expression when done in accordance with law.
Poll Tax: Nominal Lump-Sum Tax Imposed on Voters
The poll tax is a nominal lump-sum tax imposed on individuals as a requirement for voting in public elections. Historically used to discourage low-income citizens from voting, it has been ruled unconstitutional in the United States.
Prerogative: Unquestioned Right or Privilege
A comprehensive guide to understanding prerogative, an unquestioned right or privilege belonging to an individual.
Prodigy: A Historical Overview of an Iconic Online Service
Prodigy was a pioneering online service that shaped the early Internet era, currently owned by AT&T (formerly SBC Corporation). This article explores its history, impact, and legacy.
Proletariat: The Working Class in Marxist Economic Theory
An extensive definition of the proletariat, exploring its role in Marxist economic theory, historical context, and impact on modern society.
Protest: A Form of Objection and Disapproval
Protest is a stated objection, disapproval, or complaint regarding a particular matter or product. This entry details the types, historical significance, and examples of protests.
Quo Warranto: Legal Inquiry into Authority
An ancient common law writ used to challenge one's right to hold public office or corporate franchise, which has evolved from a criminal prosecution to a civil proceeding.
Rationing: Methods for Limiting Purchase or Usage
Rationing involves limiting the purchase or usage of an item when its demand exceeds the available supply at a specific price. This technique has been historically employed during crises, such as World War II, to conserve essential resources.
Reaganomics: Conservative Free-Market Economic Policies
Reaganomics refers to the conservative, free-market economic policies favored by President Ronald Reagan and his administration during the years 1981 to 1989.
RIM: Research In Motion, Producer of the BlackBerry
Research In Motion (RIM), now known as BlackBerry Limited, was a prominent producer of the BlackBerry smartphone series. This entry explores the history, impact, and significance of RIM in the technology industry.
Rod: Linear Unit of Measurement Equal to 16½ Feet
A comprehensive explanation of the rod, a historical unit of measurement equal to 16½ feet, covering its applications, history, and related concepts.
Seal in Common Law: Legal Impression and Significance
An in-depth exploration of the concept of a seal in common law, its historical context, significance, and modern-day applications.
Shekels: An Ancient and Modern Monetary Unit
Shekels are an ancient form of money first noted in the Bible and currently the official currency of Israel. This article provides a comprehensive overview of its history, usage, and significance.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890: Landmark Antitrust Legislation
Comprehensive overview of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, its historical context, impact on U.S. law, and continued relevance in modern antitrust regulation.
Silicon Valley: Epicenter of High-Tech Innovation
Overview of Silicon Valley, the region in California known for being the hub of high-tech research and innovation, and the birthplace of modern computing advancements.
Silver Standard: Definition and Historical Context
Comprehensive exploration of the Silver Standard, a monetary system where a currency's value is directly linked to silver. Learn about its implementation, historical significance, pros and cons, and its comparison to other standards.
Single Tax Movement: Economic Philosophy and Impact
A comprehensive overview of the Single Tax Movement, its economic and political philosophy, its historical context, influence, and applicability today.
Social Security Act: Federal Retirement Plan Enacted in 1935
The Social Security Act, enacted by Congress in 1935, established a federal retirement plan requiring current workers to support retired workers. This act was a response to old-age dependency exacerbated by The Great Depression.
Steamer, Steamship: Vessel Powered by Steam
A comprehensive overview of steamers or steamships, including their forms, history, uses, and impact on maritime transportation.
Tally: Count of Specific Items
A Tally is a method of counting, recording, and tallying specific items, often associated with votes, attendance, inventory, or events.
TELEX System: Pioneering Telecommunications
The TELEX System was a groundbreaking national and international telecommunications service, allowing users to send messages from one typewriter to another. This foundational technology paved the way for modern communication methods, though it has largely been replaced by the FAX machine and other digital means.
Tenement: Explanation and Historical Context
An in-depth look at tenements, including their definition, types, historical significance, and modern implications.
Third World: Understanding Underdeveloped Countries
Comprehensive coverage of Third World or Underdeveloped Countries, their historical context, socioeconomic attributes, and contemporary relevance.
Tulipomania: The First Recorded Speculative Bubble
A comprehensive overview of Tulipomania, a speculative bubble in 17th century Holland characterized by extraordinarily high prices for tulip bulbs, often cited as a classic example of market irrationality.
Typewriter: Mechanical and Electronic Word Processing Devices
A comprehensive look into the history, types, and functionality of typewriters, from manual machines to modern electronic word processors.
USENET Newsgroups: A Historical Overview
Explore the history, structure, and significance of USENET newsgroups in the development of online communities and information exchange.
Vertical Union: Comprehensive Overview
Detailed insight into Vertical Unions, their history, significance, and comparison with other union types.
Vietnam-Era Veteran: Definition and Employment Rights
A comprehensive guide to understanding who qualifies as a Vietnam-Era Veteran and the benefits they receive under the Vietnam-Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act.
Wagner Act: Landmark Legislation That Strengthened Labor Rights
The Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, significantly empowered labor unions by prohibiting anti-labor practices and establishing the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). This legislation was upheld as constitutional by the Supreme Court in 1937.
Western Union: Telegraph Service Dominator in the U.S.
Western Union, the company that has significantly influenced telegraph services in the United States, recognized for its rich history and extensive network.
White Elephant: A Troublesome Possession
Explore the historical and modern context of the term 'white elephant,' denoting a useless and troublesome possession.
White-Shoe Firm: Anachronistic Characterization of Elite Broker-Dealers
Derived from the 1950s Ivy League culture, 'White-Shoe Firm' refers to venerable, elite broker-dealers known for their conservative and prestigious practices, often seen as above engaging in hostile takeovers.
YUPPIE: Young Urban Professional
An acronym popularized during the 1980s to describe young career people who have high incomes and education, seeking instant success and gratification.
1913 Federal Reserve Act: Definition and Significance
An in-depth look at the 1913 Federal Reserve Act, its creation of the Federal Reserve System, and its pivotal role in U.S. monetary policy.
1979 Energy Crisis: Comprehensive Overview of Causes, History, and Impact
A detailed exploration of the 1979 Energy Crisis, triggered by the Iranian Revolution, examining its history, causes, and lasting impacts on global energy policies.
American Stock Exchange (AMEX): Definition, History, and Transformation into NYSE American
Explore the comprehensive history, evolution, and current status of the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), now known as the NYSE American. This entry delves into its origins, significant milestones, and its role in the financial markets.
Asian Financial Crisis: Causes, Responses, and Lessons Learned
An in-depth exploration of the Asian Financial Crisis, including its causes, governmental and institutional responses, and the valuable lessons learned from this pivotal economic event.
Bernie Madoff: The Architect of the Largest Financial Fraud in History
An in-depth exploration of Bernie Madoff, the American financier who orchestrated the largest Ponzi scheme in history, including the mechanics of his fraud and its consequences.
Black Tuesday: Definition, Historical Context, and Economic Impact
An in-depth look at Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, when the DJIA fell 12%. Learn about its definition, historical significance, and long-term economic impact.
Bretton Woods Agreement: The System and Institutions It Established
The Bretton Woods Agreement set up a collective international currency exchange system based on the U.S. dollar and gold, while establishing key financial institutions.
China's One-Child Policy: Implications and Importance
A comprehensive analysis of China's One-Child Policy, its historical context, implications on society, demographic changes, and its significance in population control strategies.
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914: History, Amendments, and Significance
An in-depth exploration of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, its historical context, key amendments, and its significance in promoting business competition and preventing monopolistic practices.
Cottage Industry: A Home-Based Small-Scale Manufacturing Business
Explore the concept of Cottage Industry, a small-scale manufacturing business typically owned and operated by an individual or family within their home. Understand its history, types, examples, and economic impact.
Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA): Comprehensive Overview and Impact
In-depth analysis of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, its provisions, impact on the American economy, subsequent reversals, and historical significance as the largest tax cut in U.S. history.
Emergency Banking Act of 1933: Definition, Purpose, and Historical Importance
An in-depth look at the Emergency Banking Act of 1933, its key objectives, significance in stabilizing the U.S. banking system, and its historical impact during the Great Depression.
Emigration: Definition, Reasons, Economic Impact, and More
Explore the concept of emigration, its underlying reasons, the significant economic impacts, historical context, related terms, and frequently asked questions.
Enron Scandal: What Happened and Who Was Responsible
Discover the story behind the Enron scandal, including what happened and who was responsible for one of the largest accounting frauds in history.
European Currency Unit (ECU): Predecessor of the Euro and its Functioning
An in-depth exploration of the European Currency Unit (ECU), its role in the European Monetary System, its replacement by the Euro, historical context, and practical workings.
Understanding the European Monetary System (EMS): Its History and Impact
Explore the European Monetary System (EMS), established in 1979, which aimed to foster closer monetary policy cooperation among European Community (EC) members. Learn about its history, objectives, mechanisms, and its significance in European economic integration.
Friedrich Engels: The Philosopher Behind Modern Communism
An in-depth exploration of Friedrich Engels' life, his collaboration with Karl Marx, and his enduring legacy in shaping modern communism.
Generation X (Gen X): The Pivotal Generation Between Baby Boomers and Millennials
An in-depth analysis of Generation X, the demographic cohort known for its unique characteristics, historical context, and impact, situated between the Baby Boomers and Millennials.
Glass-Steagall Act of 1933: Definition, Impacts, and Repeal
An in-depth examination of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, its objectives to separate commercial and investment banking, its impacts on the financial industry, and the circumstances surrounding its repeal in 1999.
Gold Certificate: Definition, History, and Significance
A comprehensive overview of gold certificates, their historical context, significance in U.S. economics, and their role as currency equivalents.
Great Leap Forward: Objectives, Execution, and Consequences
A comprehensive examination of the Great Leap Forward, detailing its objectives, strategic execution, and the profound socio-economic impact it had on China in the late 1950s.
Great Recession: Causes, Impacts, and Lessons Learned
An in-depth examination of the Great Recession, its causes, its impacts on the global economy, and the lessons learned from this significant economic downturn.
Greek Drachma: Meaning, Historical Context, and Frequently Asked Questions
An in-depth look at the Greek drachma, the former basic unit of currency in Greece, its historical significance, usage in ancient Greek city-states, and frequently asked questions.
Greenback: Definition, Origin, and Historical Significance
A comprehensive exploration of greenbacks, U.S. paper dollars, focusing on their definition, origin, and historical significance.
What is an Heir? Definition, Types, Dying Intestate, and Examples
Comprehensive guide to understanding what an heir is, including detailed definitions, types of heirs, implications of dying intestate, and real-life examples.
Indentured Servitude: Definition, Historical Context, and Controversy
Explore the definition, historical context, and controversy surrounding indentured servitude, a form of labor where individuals work without a salary to repay an indenture or loan within a certain timeframe.
Jean-Baptiste Say: The Prolific Economist Behind Say's Law
Explore the life and contributions of Jean-Baptiste Say, an influential 18th-century French economist best known for Say's Law of Markets.
Jerome Kerviel: The Trader Behind Société Générale's $7 Billion Loss
An in-depth look into the career of Jerome Kerviel, his involvement with derivatives trading at Société Générale, and the impact of his unauthorized trades between 2006 and 2008.
Jesse L. Livermore: The Legendary Stock Trader's Life and Legacy
A comprehensive look into the life, trading career, and impact of Jesse L. Livermore, one of the most famous stock traders in history whose experiences inspired the classic book 'Reminiscences of a Stock Operator.'

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