Investments

Non-Qualified Annuity: Understanding After-Tax Investments
A comprehensive guide to non-qualified annuities, their history, types, key events, detailed explanations, formulas, charts, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, quotes, proverbs, jargon, FAQs, and references.
Non-Qualified Stock Option (NSO): A Detailed Overview
A Non-Qualified Stock Option (NSO) is a type of stock option that does not qualify for special tax treatments and can be granted to employees, directors, contractors, and others.
Non-Recourse Loans: Meaning and Implications
Understanding Non-Recourse Loans: A type of loan where the borrower is not personally liable and does not incur Cancellation of Debt (COD) income if forgiven.
Non-Systematic Risk: Understanding Idiosyncratic Risk
Non-Systematic Risk, also known as idiosyncratic risk, refers to the risk unique to a specific company or industry, distinguishing it from systemic market risks.
Non-Voting Share: An Overview
A comprehensive guide to non-voting shares, which provide equity finance without diluting company control.
Noncallable Bonds: An Overview of Bonds That Cannot Be Redeemed Early
Noncallable bonds are a type of bond that cannot be redeemed by the issuer before their maturity date, providing investors with a guarantee of returns and protection from early redemption.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan: A Deferred Income Strategy
A Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (NDCP) allows executives to defer a portion of their income until a later date, typically retirement, providing tax benefits and customized payout options.
Note Issuance Facility (NIF): Flexible Medium-Term Financing
A Note Issuance Facility (NIF) is a financial arrangement that provides flexible medium-term financing options, allowing the borrower to issue short-term notes under a committed credit facility.
Notional Amount: Definition and Importance in Finance
A detailed explanation of the notional amount, its importance in financial instruments, such as derivatives, and how it influences financial markets.
National Stock Exchange (NSE): One of the Major Indian Stock Exchanges
The National Stock Exchange (NSE) is a leading stock exchange in India, regulated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). It plays a pivotal role in the Indian financial market, providing a platform for trading in equities, derivatives, and other financial instruments.
OAS (Option-Adjusted Spread): A Comprehensive Guide
Explore the intricacies of Option-Adjusted Spread (OAS) in the context of assessing securities with embedded options, its importance in the finance sector, and its application in investment decision-making.
Obligación: Financial Instrument
An in-depth exploration of Obligación, a bond issued by companies or governments, covering historical context, key events, types, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and more.
Offer for Sale Placing: Direct Selling of Shares to the Public
Offer for Sale Placing is a method where shares are sold directly to the public, typically through brokers, enabling companies to raise capital efficiently.
Offshore Fund: Investment Vehicles in Foreign Jurisdictions
A comprehensive overview of offshore funds, including their definition, types, benefits, regulations, and their role in the global financial markets.
Open Interest (OI): Total Number of Outstanding Contracts That Have Not Been Settled
Open Interest (OI) refers to the total number of outstanding contracts in futures and options markets that have not yet been settled, providing key insights into market activity and liquidity.
Open Position: Understanding Financial Market Risks
An open position in trading signifies a situation where a trader is exposed to potential losses due to market price fluctuations. This article delves into the historical context, types, key events, and mathematical models, providing a comprehensive understanding of open positions.
Open-End Funds: Funds that issue and redeem shares on demand
An in-depth exploration of Open-End Funds, their history, types, key events, importance, applicability, examples, and considerations.
Open-End Mutual Fund: Investment Mechanism Explained
An in-depth look into Open-End Mutual Funds, how they work, their historical context, key events, types, importance, and more.
Open-Ended Fund: A Flexible Investment Vehicle
An open-ended fund is an investment vehicle that issues and redeems units based on investor demand, allowing for flexible portfolio management and liquidity.
Open-Ended Fund: Unrestricted Growth and Accessibility
An open-ended fund is a type of mutual fund that has no restriction on the number of shares that the fund will issue, allowing continuous growth and easy accessibility for investors.
Option: Financial Instrument for Hedging and Speculation
An in-depth exploration of options, including types, historical context, key events, mathematical models, importance, examples, and related concepts.
Option: Financial Derivative Instrument
An option is a financial derivative contract granting the holder the right but not the obligation to trade a commodity, share, or currency at a specified price on a future date.
Option Agreement: A Contractual Right to Purchase
An Option Agreement is a contract granting an exclusive right to buy an asset without the need for a third-party offer. This comprehensive definition explores its types, applications, historical context, and much more.
Option Contracts: Agreements Granting the Right to Buy or Sell an Asset
Option Contracts are agreements that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price within a specified period.
Option Expiration: Key to Options Trading
A comprehensive guide to understanding option expiration, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, inspirational stories, quotes, proverbs, jargon, and FAQs.
Option Price: Definition and Explanation
The price of an option, covering the premium paid for the right but not the obligation to buy or sell an asset. Detailed explanation includes different types, formulas, and examples.
Option Pricing Models: Determining the Fair Value of Options
Comprehensive overview of option pricing models, their historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical formulas, and importance in finance.
Options Chain: A Comprehensive Guide to Options Contracts
An options chain lists all available options contracts for a given security. Learn about its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, formulas, charts, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, facts, quotes, proverbs, expressions, jargon, and FAQs.
Options Market: Marketplace for Buying and Selling Options
The Options Market is a financial marketplace where options, which are financial derivatives, are bought and sold. This entry explains what an options market is, its function, types, historical context, and its relevance in the financial world.
Options to Purchase: Right to Buy Assets Under Predetermined Terms
Grants the holder the right to buy assets at predetermined terms, distinct from the Right of First Refusal which requires matching third-party offers.
Options Trading: Buying and Selling Options Contracts
Options Trading is the activity of buying and selling options contracts on the financial markets, where traders have the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price.
Options vs. Futures: Key Differences in Financial Derivatives
Options and futures are financial derivatives with distinct characteristics. Options grant the right, but not the obligation, to trade, while futures entail obligatory transactions.
Ordinary Annuity Factor: Calculating the Present Value of Annuity Payments
An in-depth exploration of the Ordinary Annuity Factor, a key financial concept for determining the present value of regular annuity payments. Often used interchangeably with the Inwood Annuity Factor.
Ordinary Share: Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth analysis of ordinary shares, including historical context, types, key events, and detailed explanations.
Ordinary Share: An In-depth Look
The UK term for a share in the equity of a company, equivalent to common stock in the US. Holders are entitled to dividends and voting rights, differing from debentures and preference shares.
Ordinary Share Capital: Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth exploration of Ordinary Share Capital, its historical context, key features, and its significance in corporate finance.
Ordinary Shareholders' Equity: The Backbone of Corporate Ownership
Explore the concept of Ordinary Shareholders' Equity, including its definition, historical context, key components, importance, formulas, and practical examples.
OTC Bulletin Board: Regulated Quotation Service for Equities
A comprehensive overview of the OTC Bulletin Board (OTCBB), a regulated quotation service for equities sold on the US over-the-counter market, including its history, importance, key events, and more.
OTC Pink (Pink Sheets): Less Regulated Alternative for OTC Securities
Explore the world of OTC Pink, an over-the-counter market characterized by lower transparency and regulatory requirements. Learn about its historical context, key features, and implications.
Out of the Money: When Exercising the Option Is Not Profitable
A detailed exploration of the term 'Out of the Money' (OTM), a condition in which exercising an option does not yield a profit due to the current market price being outside the strike price of the option.
Out of the Money (OTM): A Detailed Examination
Understanding 'Out of the Money (OTM)' options, which have no intrinsic value. For calls, the strike price is above the market price; for puts, it is below.
Out-of-the-Money (OTM): Definition and Explanation
Out-of-the-Money (OTM) options refer to option contracts in which the strike price is not favorable compared to the current market price of the underlying asset. This entry explains the concept of OTM options, their types, and practical examples.
Outstanding Shares: Key Component in Equity Analysis
Outstanding shares represent the total shares of a corporation that are currently owned by all its shareholders, including share blocks held by institutional investors and restricted shares owned by the company’s officers and insiders.
Over the Counter (OTC): Definition, Types, and Key Considerations
An in-depth look at Over the Counter (OTC) markets, how they function, types of securities traded, key considerations, and examples.
Over-The-Counter (OTC): Securities Traded through a Dealer Network
Learn about Over-The-Counter (OTC) markets where securities are traded through a decentralized dealer network rather than on a centralized exchange.
Over-the-Counter Market: Understanding Decentralized Trading Platforms
A comprehensive guide to the Over-the-Counter (OTC) market, its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical models, charts, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, inspirational stories, famous quotes, and FAQs.
Overhang: Understanding Surplus Shares in New Issues
Comprehensive overview of overhang, the surplus shares remaining with underwriters when a new issue of shares is not fully taken up by investors. Includes historical context, key events, mathematical models, examples, related terms, and more.
Overvalued Security: Financial Asset Above Intrinsic Value
An overvalued security is a financial asset that is trading at a price higher than its intrinsic value, often leading to potential investment risks.
P/E Ratio: A Key Valuation Metric
The P/E Ratio, or Price/Earnings Ratio, is a valuation metric calculated by dividing the market price per share by the earnings per share (EPS). It provides insights into how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of earnings.
P/E Ratio: Price-Earnings Ratio Explained
A comprehensive guide on the Price-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio), including its historical context, types, key events, mathematical formulas, examples, related terms, FAQs, and much more.
P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings Ratio): Measures the Current Price Relative to the Earnings of a Company
The P/E Ratio (Price-to-Earnings Ratio) is a crucial financial metric used to evaluate the valuation of a company's current share price relative to its per-share earnings. It helps investors determine if a stock is overvalued, undervalued, or fairly valued.
Paid-Up Additions: Definition and Explanation
Paid-Up Additions are additional coverage purchased using dividends from a life insurance policy that requires no further premium payments.
Paid-Up Single-Premium Deferred Annuity: A One-Time Purchase for Future Income
A Paid-Up Single-Premium Deferred Annuity involves a one-time payment that promises future income streams without needing further contributions. Explore its definition, types, benefits, and applicability.
Par Value: Nominal Price of a Security
An in-depth exploration of Par Value, its significance in securities, and its implications in various financial contexts.
Par Value: The Stated Value or Face Value of a Financial Security
Par Value, also known as the stated value or face value, is a foundational concept in finance. It refers to the nominal value of a bond, stock, or other financial security as stated by the issuer. This article explores the historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, formulas, importance, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, facts, quotes, jargon, FAQs, references, and a summary related to Par Value.
Participated Loan: Large Loan Shared Among Multiple Lenders
A participated loan, also known as participation financing, is a large loan that exceeds the lending limit of an individual bank and is shared among a group of lenders.
Participating Preference Share: Enhanced Dividend Rights
An in-depth look at Participating Preference Shares, which entitle holders to fixed dividends plus additional profit-sharing, typically after common shareholders have received a designated percentage.
Partly Paid Share: Understanding Its Dynamics and Historical Context
A comprehensive guide to partly paid shares, their historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, and more. Ideal for students, investors, and finance professionals.
Pass-Through Security: Securitized Interest in Underlying Assets
A comprehensive look into Pass-Through Securities, a type of securitized interest where payments from the underlying assets are transferred directly to certificate holders.
Path-Dependent Options: Options Where Payoff Depends on Price Path
Path-dependent options are complex financial derivatives where the payoff depends on the path taken by the underlying asset's price over time, rather than just its final price.
Payment-in-Kind (PIK) Bonds: Bonds Paying Interest in Additional Bonds
Detailed overview of Payment-in-Kind (PIK) Bonds, including definition, types, special considerations, examples, historical context, applicability, comparisons, related terms, FAQs, references, and summary.
Payout Phase: Understanding Annuity Payment Period
The period during which annuity payments are made to the investor, marking the stage when the annuitant begins to receive regular payments from the annuity.
PDR: Price-Dividend Ratio
An in-depth look at the Price-Dividend Ratio (PDR), its significance in financial analysis, historical context, applications, and more.
PE Ratio: Price-to-Earnings Ratio
Price-to-Earnings Ratio, a valuation measure comparing current share price to per-share earnings.
PEG Ratio: Analyzing Stock Valuation with Growth Considerations
The PEG Ratio is an enhanced valuation metric that adjusts the Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio by a company's earnings growth rate, offering a more comprehensive view of stock value by considering future earnings potential.
Penny Shares: A Comprehensive Guide
Penny shares, also known as penny stocks, are securities with a very low market price. They are popular among small investors who hope for a significant return on investment despite their inherent risks.
Pension Funds: Investment Pools for Retirement Savings
Pension Funds are investment pools tailored to facilitate Baby Boomers and other individuals in saving for retirement, providing a structured and secure method of accruing financial resources for the post-employment phase of life.
Performance Fees: Understanding Incentive-based Charges in Investment Management
Performance fees are a type of fee structure where the compensation depends on the fund's ability to generate returns above a predetermined benchmark or hurdle rate. This article explores the concept, historical context, types, key events, formulas, applicability, examples, and related terms.
Performance Stock Options (PSOs): Incentive Mechanism for Achieving Organizational Goals
Performance Stock Options (PSOs) are a type of employee stock option that only vest upon meeting certain performance criteria. This article provides an in-depth look at their history, types, key events, importance, applicability, and much more.
Perpetual Annuity: Constant Annual Payments in Perpetuity
A comprehensive guide to understanding perpetual annuity, its significance in finance, the mathematical models used for valuation, and its practical applications.
Perpetual Bond: An Irredeemable Financial Instrument
A comprehensive guide on perpetual bonds, which are irredeemable undated bonds that provide a constant stream of interest payments forever.
Perpetual Debt: Infinite Obligations
A detailed exploration of perpetual debt, a financial instrument where the issuer has no obligation to repay the principal.
Perpetuity: A Security Which Yields an Income Forever
A comprehensive overview of Perpetuity, including its definition, historical context, types, importance, applicability, examples, and related terms.
PIBS: Permanent Interest Bearing Shares
An in-depth look at Permanent Interest Bearing Shares (PIBS), their historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, and applicability in the financial market.
Pivot Point: Critical Change in Direction
A comprehensive exploration of Pivot Points in trading, including historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical formulas, charts, importance, applicability, examples, and more.
Placed Deal: Understanding Securities Issuance
A comprehensive overview of a placed deal in the financial sector, its context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, FAQs, and more.
Placing: Sale of Shares to Selected Investors
Comprehensive coverage on placing, an equity financing method where shares are sold to selected investors rather than the general public.
Point and Figure Chart: Understanding Price Movements
A Point and Figure Chart is a type of financial chart that focuses on price movements and is independent of time, helping traders identify significant price levels.

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