Marketing

CO-OP ADVERTISING: Cooperative Advertising
Complete guide to understanding CO-OP ADVERTISING, also known as Cooperative Advertising, including types, special considerations, examples, historical context, applicability, comparisons, related terms, and FAQs.
Cold Canvass: Process of Contacting Potential Buyers
Cold canvass refers to the process of contacting potential buyers in an area to solicit sales of one's products, often undertaken by sales representatives or agents.
Commercial: Advertising Messages on Television or Radio
A comprehensive guide to understanding commercials—broadcast advertising messages—designed creatively using words, sound, and music for radio, plus sight and motion for television.
Competitive Strategy: Promotional Strategy Used in Advertising Campaigns
Competitive Strategy is a promotional approach designed to outshine rival brands by discrediting them or undercutting their prices, and highlighting unique qualities and consumer benefits.
Concept Test: Evaluating the Viability of Ideas
An in-depth exploration of concept testing, a method used to evaluate the effectiveness of advertising campaigns and other ideas against their intended objectives.
Consumer Behavior: Understanding How and Why Consumers Behave
An overview of consumer behavior in marketing, exploring the reasons behind consumer actions and how marketers can influence these actions to drive sales.
Consumer Research: Unraveling Consumer Behavior
Consumer research employs various techniques and strategies to understand consumer motivations, perceptions, and buying habits. This essential component of advertising research helps businesses tailor their offerings to meet consumer needs effectively.
Continuity: Consistent Marketing Theme
Continuity in marketing implies the existence of a similar theme throughout an advertising or marketing campaign and the duration of uninterrupted media schedules.
Convenience Goods: Frequently Purchased Consumer Items
Convenience goods are frequently purchased consumer items that provide convenience in terms of time savings and utilitarianism. Examples include hair spray, shaving cream, and tissues.
Cooperative Advertising: Strategic Marketing Partnerships
A comprehensive examination of cooperative advertising, a strategic partnership between manufacturers and retailers to enhance marketing efforts and optimize advertising expenditures.
Corporate Campaign: Coordinated Advertisements for Corporate Image
A comprehensive look into Corporate Campaigns, focusing on coordinated advertisements aimed at enhancing a business's corporate image rather than directly selling products or services.
Couponing: Advertising and Sales Promotion Method
Couponing is an advertising method where vouchers are distributed to consumers, allowing discounts on merchandise or services purchased within a stated period of time. It provides an incentive for increasing sales.
Creative Black Book: Comprehensive Directory of Creative Suppliers
The Creative Black Book is an annual two-volume worldwide directory of creative suppliers such as photographers, illustrators, directors, production facilities, and photofinishers. This directory, often referred to as the Black Book, sells advertising space on an annual basis.
Customer Profile: Detailed Overview of a Specific Customer Group
A comprehensive guide to understanding customer profiles based on demographic, psychographic, and geographic characteristics. This includes attributes such as income, occupation, education level, age, gender, hobbies, and area of residence.
Deceptive Packaging: Misleading Consumers
Deceptive packaging refers to the practice of using packaging that creates an impression the enclosed material is more than what it really is, whether in terms of quantity or quality.
Defensive Spending: See Competitive Parity
A reference to the concept of Defensive Spending in the context of Competitive Parity, primarily applicable in marketing and business strategy.
Depth Interview: In-Field Qualitative Research Technique
An in-depth exploration of depth interviews, conducted in person by trained interviewers to understand consumer motivations during the purchase decision process.
Differentiation Strategy: Creating Unique Market Identity
Exploring the methods and importance of differentiation strategies in marketing to establish a strong brand identity and unique market positioning.
Direct Mail: An Effective Advertising Medium
Direct Mail is a form of advertising that utilizes mail as its primary distribution method. It is the third largest advertising medium after newspapers and television.
Direct Marketing Association (DMA): Association of Direct Marketing Organizations
The Direct Marketing Association (DMA) is a distinguished organization dedicated to promoting the interests of direct marketing entities and their suppliers through self-regulation, education, and idea sharing.
Direct Response Advertising: Eliminating Intermediaries in the Purchase Process
Direct Response Advertising is a marketing strategy whereby the consumer’s only connection to the product is through advertising, and the action is typically prompted by a return coupon or phone call.
Exclusive Distribution: Marketing Strategy
An in-depth look at the exclusive distribution marketing strategy that gives intermediaries an exclusive right to sell products in specified geographic areas.
Exposure: Financial Risk and Marketing Reach
A comprehensive understanding of Exposure in Finance and Marketing, detailing financial loss and market exposure through various advertising media.
Family Branding: Comprehensive Marketing Strategy
A marketing strategy where the same brand name is given to a number of products, encouraging recognition, easing the introduction of new products, increasing market acceptance, and lowering marketing costs.
Form Utility: Enhancing Marketability Through Physical Changes
An in-depth exploration of form utility, which enhances the marketability of a product by changing its physical characteristics to better meet consumer requirements.
Former Buyer: Analyzing Customer Retention and Prospecting
A detailed exploration of former buyers, who are previous customers that have not made additional purchases within a specified period, typically a year.
Four Ps: The Four Marketing Ingredients
An in-depth exploration of the Four Ps of Marketing: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion, essential components for developing an effective marketing strategy.
Fulfillment Processes in Direct Marketing: Necessary Steps and Systems
Comprehensive overview of fulfillment processes necessary for receiving, servicing, and tracking orders sold via direct marketing. This includes various systems like subscriptions, book club memberships, continuities, catalog merchandise, and fundraising.
Gender Analysis: Analytical Approach to Determine Gender Based on Names
An in-depth guide to understanding Gender Analysis through analyzing names on a mailing list to determine gender, and its applications in market segmentation, promotion, and demographic studies.
Generic: General and Marketing Contexts
Thorough exploration of the term 'generic' in both general and marketing contexts, including definitions, types, considerations, and real-world applications.
Generic Appeal: An Overview of Advertising Appeals
An in-depth exploration of generic appeal in advertising, including definitions, types, examples, historical context, comparisons, and related terms.
Generic Market: Broad Group of Buyers with General Needs
Comprehensive explanation of a generic market, covering its definition, types, characteristics, examples, historical context, and related terms in Economics and Marketing.
Geographic Segmentation: Customer Market Classification Based on Geographic Location
Geographic Segmentation refers to the practice of classifying customer markets based on their geographic location. This segmentation technique helps businesses tailor marketing strategies and product offerings to meet the specific needs of different geographic areas.
Gross Rating Point (GRP): Fundamental Metric in Media Planning
Gross Rating Point (GRP) is a key metric used in advertising to measure the impact and reach of a media campaign. It represents the sum of all rating points over a specific time period or across a media plan.
Hit List: Targeted Sales Presentation/Request Group
A "Hit List" is a group of targeted individuals or organizations that are approached for sales presentations or funding requests, strategically selected to optimize success rates.
House-to-House Sampling: Distribution of Product Samples
House-to-house sampling involves distributing product samples directly to individual homes in a market area to induce trial and subsequent purchase.
Huckster: Misleading Seller
A huckster is a seller of a good or service who will try to sell anything by making misleading promises and assurances.
HYPE: Special Promotional Activities in Broadcasting
HYPE in broadcasting refers to special promotional activities presented by a station or network to attract a large audience and generate higher audience ratings for specific periods.
Incentive Fee: Payment as an Incentive in Test-Marketing
An incentive fee is a payment given as a motivation for individuals to participate in a test-marketing audience group.
Incremental Spending: Budget Allocation Method
Incremental Spending refers to a budget allocation method that adjusts advertising expenses in direct proportion to changes in sales. This approach may not align budget size with advertising objectives, making it challenging to assess performance.
Industrial Advertising: A Field of Advertising Directed at Commercial Business Customers
Industrial advertising focuses on promoting products such as raw materials, components, or equipment needed in the production or distribution of other goods and services. It aims to reach commercial business customers.
Institutional Advertising: Shaping Public Perception and Corporate Image
An overview of Institutional Advertising, a type of image advertising aimed at altering public perception regarding a company on various issues like the environment, health, and product safety.
Island Display: Merchandise Displayed in Aisles
Island Display refers to merchandise displayed in the aisle of a store. The merchandise can be displayed either on racks or on a fixture, optimizing visibility and accessibility.
Knock-Off: A Low-Priced Imitation of a Name-Brand Product
An in-depth exploration of knock-offs, their implications, market impact, legal considerations, and differentiations from counterfeits and replicas.
Leader Pricing: Strategic Price Reduction to Drive Sales
Leader Pricing, also referred to as Loss Leader Pricing, is a marketing strategy that involves reducing the price of a high-demand item to attract customers into a retail store or encourage direct-mail purchases, potentially leading to additional purchases at full price.
Limited Distribution: Targeted Product Availability
Limited distribution refers to the distribution of a product only to specific geographic locations, specific stores, or specific areas within a geographic location.
Line Extension: Expanding Product Varieties
The concept of line extension involves adding another variety of a product to an already established brand line of products, enhancing customer choice and brand strength.
List Owner: Mailing Lists for Solicitation
A list owner is an entity that owns mailing lists used for solicitation. These lists are typically sold on a price per name basis, facilitating targeted marketing efforts.
Logo: Unique Design or Symbol for Branding
A logo is a unique design, symbol, or other special representation of a company name, publishing house, broadcast network, or other organization, used as a trademark.
Mail Order Firms: Catalog Marketing with Direct Merchandise Shipments
Mail order firms utilize catalog marketing to ship merchandise directly to customers. Some specialize in specific types of goods, such as computer software or hardware, and many now also sell their products online.
Mailing List: A Crucial Tool for Direct-Mail Solicitation
Mailing lists are compiled lists of potential customers used for direct-mail marketing. They are pivotal in targeted marketing strategies, ensuring higher conversion rates and efficient resource utilization.
Market Development Index: Measuring Market Penetration
A comprehensive guide to understanding the Market Development Index (MDI), its calculation, importance, applications, and examples in measuring market penetration and growth potential at local and national levels.
Market Penetration: Strategy and Measurement in Business
An in-depth analysis of market penetration encompassing definitions, strategies, types, examples, and historical context, as well as comparisons with related terms in business and marketing.
Market Profile: Demographic Characteristics of Potential Buyers
Exploring the demographic characteristics of potential buyers for a product or product line, including types, special considerations, examples, and historical context.
Market Segment: Detailed Overview
A comprehensive guide to understanding market segments, their importance, and the strategies used to target them.
Market Segmentation: Dividing the Market by Subgroup Similarities
Market Segmentation is the process of dividing the market according to similarities that exist among the various subgroups within the market, based on common characteristics, needs, or desires.
Marketing Concept: Core Ideas and Strategies
A comprehensive overview of the Marketing Concept, its application, historical context, and examples within different industries.
Marketing Information System: A Comprehensive Guide
In-depth exploration of the Marketing Information System (MIS), including processes of collecting, analyzing, and reporting marketing research information.
Marketing Mix: The Four Controllable Variables for Market Success
An in-depth exploration of the Marketing Mix, focusing on the essential controllable variables: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion, necessary to define and fulfill a target market.
Marketing Plan: Comprehensive Marketing Effort
A Marketing Plan is a strategic blueprint that outlines a company's overall marketing efforts. This comprehensive guide may be tailored for an individual product or encompass the entire range of products offered by the company.
Mass Appeal: A Nondirected Marketing Approach
Mass Appeal is a nondirected marketing approach designed to appeal to all possible users of a product. This strategy aims at reaching the widest possible audience without segmenting the market.
Media Plan: Specification of Media in an Advertising Plan
A comprehensive guide to creating a media plan that specifies the media to be used, media objectives, and media strategy within a specific time frame and budget.
Merchandising: Definition, Types, and Applications
Merchandising involves the strategic planning of marketing the right merchandise or service at the right place, right time, right quantities, and right price, along with various promotional sales activities.
Merchandising Allowance: Promotional Incentives for Retailers
A Merchandising Allowance is a type of incentive offered by manufacturers to retailers to promote the product through favorable display and marketing efforts.
Mix: Combination of Various Elements
Comprehensive definition of 'Mix', including its usage in recording, broadcasting, retailing, and marketing.
Model Unit: Representative Demonstrative Space
A representative product, like a home, apartment, or office space, used as part of a sales campaign to demonstrate the design, structure, and appearance of units in a development.
Motivational Research: Understanding Consumer Behavior
An in-depth exploration of Motivational Research, its methods, applications, and relevance in understanding consumer purchase behavior.
Multibuyer: Understanding Duplicate Records Across Customer Lists
An in-depth look at the concept of a Multibuyer, a term used in marketing and customer relationship management to describe customers who have made purchases from multiple list owners.
National Advertising: Promoting to a Nationwide Market
National Advertising refers to promotional efforts by companies that target a nationwide market and not necessarily indicate that the advertisements themselves are nationwide.
National Brand: Widely Recognized Consumer Products
A national brand is a product distributed, sold, and known nationally, often contrasted with store brands or generic products. Examples include Levi's for jeans.
Niche: A Specialized Market Segment
A niche represents a particular specialty in which a firm or person finds they prosper, often involving a specialized marketing strategy targeting a small but lucrative portion of the market.
Odd-Value Pricing: Retail Pricing Strategy
Odd-value pricing involves setting retail prices just below even dollar amounts, like $5.99, $0.39, and $98.99, based on the unproven psychological assumption that consumers perceive lower prices.
One-Time Buyer: Customer Definition
A One-Time Buyer is a customer who has made only one purchase from the list owner since their initial order. This term is essential in customer segmentation and marketing strategies.
Open Dating: Expiration Date on Retail-Packaged Food Items
Understandably stated expiration dates on retail-packaged food items that help consumers determine the product's useful life. Open dating is a relatively recent consumer marketing practice.
Original Order: Definition and Importance
An in-depth look at Original Orders, their significance in customer acquisition, tracking strategies, and the impact on business growth.
Package Code: Identification Used by Direct Marketers
Package Code identification used by direct marketers to track a particular mailing package is important when testing a new package against a control package. It allows comparison of responses to each promotion.
Package Design: Comprehensive Overview
Package Design involves planning and fashioning the complete form and structure of a product's package, considering aspects such as size, shape, color, closure, appearance, protection, and environmental impact. In Direct Mail, it refers to creating and developing the complete assemblage of materials.
Penetration Pricing: Establishing Low Product Pricing for Market Entry
Penetration Pricing is a strategy where a company sets a low price for a new product to quickly enter the market, deter competitors, and gain market share before raising prices once the market presence is established.
Percentage-of-Sales Method: Advertising Budget Allocation
A comprehensive guide to the percentage-of-sales method, which is a procedure used to set advertising budgets based on a predetermined percentage of past or forecasted future sales.
Performance: Fulfillment and Capability
An in-depth exploration of the concept of performance, highlighting its significance in law and marketing.

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