Mathematics

Tree Diagram: Graphic Expression of a Sequence of Events
A tree diagram is a graphic expression of a sequence of events where subsequent decisions depend on the results of previous decisions. Tree diagrams are used to map the possible alternatives and to develop strategies for decision making. Also called Decision Tree.
Trial and Error: Empirical Methodology
A comprehensive explanation of the trial and error method, its applications, and significance in various fields.
Troy Weight: Historical System of Weights for Precious Metals
The Troy Weight is a system of weights in which 12 ounces make a pound. Troy ounces contain 480 grains, making them about 10% heavier than the 437.5-grain avoirdupois ounce. This system is commonly used to measure precious metals, including gold, silver, and platinum.
Type 1 Error: Statistical Testing
In statistical testing, a Type 1 Error refers to rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. It represents a false positive.
Unit: Measurement and Business Definition
An exploration of the concept of 'unit' including its application as a standard measurement of quantity or exchange, and as a division within a larger business entity.
Universe: Statistical Term Representing All Possible Elements in a Set
The Universe is a statistical term representing all possible elements in a defined set, used for comprehensive analysis within various contexts, including the shopper population in a nation.
Variable: Dynamic Data Item
A variable is a data item that can change its value; also called a factor or an element. It is a fundamental concept in mathematics, computer science, and other fields.
Variables Sampling: Predictive Analytical Technique
An in-depth exploration of Variables Sampling, its methodology, applications in audits, and comparison with Attribute Sampling.
Weakest Link Theory: Dependence on the Weakest Member
The Weakest Link Theory posits that the overall reliability or strength of a system is determined by its weakest component. This principle is applied across various domains, from engineering to management, to emphasize the importance of identifying and fortifying the weakest parts to ensure the integrity of the whole.
Yard: Enclosed Area or Measurement Unit
A comprehensive definition and explanation of the term 'Yard,' covering its uses both as an enclosed area for storage or repair and as a unit of measurement.
Addition Rule for Probabilities: Formula and Explanation
An in-depth exploration of the Addition Rule for Probabilities, including its formula, application, and relevance for both mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events.
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): Understanding Statistical Variability
A comprehensive guide to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), a statistical method used to separate total variability within a data set into random and systematic components. Learn about its applications, types, important considerations, and examples.
Arc Elasticity: Definition, Midpoint Formula, and Practical Example
Discover the concept of arc elasticity, its importance in economics and mathematics, and learn how to calculate it using the midpoint formula with practical examples.
Autoregressive Models: Functionality, Mechanisms, and Practical Examples
A comprehensive guide on autoregressive models, explaining their functionality, mechanisms, and providing practical examples to understand how they predict future values based on past data.
Bell Curve: Definition, Normal Distribution, Examples in Finance
An in-depth exploration of the bell curve, its relation to normal distribution, and practical examples in finance. Learn about the properties, significance, and real-world applications of the bell curve in statistical analysis and financial modeling.
Binomial Distribution: A Comprehensive Guide to Definition, Formula, Analysis, and Examples
Explore the binomial distribution, its definition, formula, applications, and detailed analysis with examples. Understand how this statistical probability distribution summarizes the likelihood of an event with two possible outcomes.
Black-Scholes Model: Comprehensive Guide to Pricing Options and Derivatives
A detailed exploration of the Black-Scholes Model, including its mathematical foundation, applications in options pricing, detailed formulae, historical context, and practical examples.
Boundary Conditions: Definition, Types, and Applications
A comprehensive guide to boundary conditions, including their definition, types, applications in various fields, and their importance in determining the price range of options.
Calculating Percentage Change: Methods, Examples, and Applications
Learn how to calculate percentage change, an essential concept in finance to represent the price change of a stock and much more. Understand the formula, steps, and real-world applications.
Central Limit Theorem (CLT): Definition, Applications, and Key Characteristics
An in-depth exploration of the Central Limit Theorem (CLT), covering its definition, mathematical formulation, applications, historical significance, and related concepts in statistics.
Chi-Square (χ²) Statistic: Definition, Examples, and Applications
An in-depth look at the chi-square (χ²) statistic, including its definition, practical examples, application methods, and when to use this statistical test.
Coefficient of Variation: Meaning, Calculation, and Applications
A comprehensive guide to understanding the Coefficient of Variation (CV), including its definition, calculation, applications in various fields, and comparative advantages.
Covariance: Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Formula, Definition, Types, and Examples
Explore the intricacies of covariance, including its formula, definition, various types, and examples. Understand the measurement of directional relationships between the returns of two assets.
Data Smoothing: Techniques, Applications, and Benefits
Comprehensive guide to data smoothing, its techniques, applications, and benefits. Learn how algorithms remove noise to highlight important patterns in data sets.
Descriptive Statistics: Definition, Overview, Types, Examples, and Applications
Comprehensive guide to Descriptive Statistics, including definition, overview, types, examples, and real-world applications. Understand the essentials of summarizing and interpreting data sets.
Discrete Probability Distribution: Definition, Types, and Examples
A comprehensive guide to discrete probability distributions, including definitions, types, examples, and their applications in statistics.
Dispersion in Statistics: Comprehensive Guide and Applications
A detailed explanation of dispersion in statistics, covering its types, formulas, applications, and significance in various fields such as finance and investment.
Econometrics: Definition, Models, Methods, and Applications
A comprehensive exploration of econometrics, including its definition, the various models and methods used, and its wide-ranging applications in economics to understand and predict economic trends.
Error Term: Definition, Examples, and Calculation Formulas
Understanding the error term in statistical models, its definition, examples, and how to calculate it using various formulas. Learn about its significance in readings and implications for model accuracy.
Expected Loss Ratio Method: Comprehensive Overview, Calculation, and Formulas
Explore the Expected Loss Ratio (ELR) Method, a critical technique used in insurance to project claims relative to earned premiums. Understand its calculation, formulas, and applications.
Exponential Growth: Definition, Examples, Formula, and Applications
Comprehensive guide to understanding exponential growth, including its definition, real-world examples, mathematical formula, and its various applications in different fields.
Fibonacci Sequence: Definition, Functionality, and Applications
A comprehensive overview of the Fibonacci Sequence, including its definition, how it operates, various applications, historical context, and significance in different fields.
Frequency Distribution: Statistical Analysis and Trading Insights
An in-depth exploration of frequency distributions in statistics and their application in trading. Understand the concept, types, computations, examples, and significance.
Gambler's Fallacy: Misconceptions and Real-World Examples
The Gambler's Fallacy is an erroneous belief that a random event is more or less likely to happen based on the results from a previous series of events. This entry explores the fallacy's implications, examples, and the psychological reasoning behind it.
Goal Seeking: Definition and Applications in Various Fields
An in-depth exploration of goal seeking, its methodology, applications, historical context, and related terms across mathematics, economics, and decision-making processes.
Harmonic Mean: Comprehensive Definition, Formula, Applications, and Examples
Explore the comprehensive definition, formula, applications, and detailed examples of the harmonic mean, a specialized type of numerical average used in finance and beyond.
Hazard Rate: Comprehensive Definition, Calculation Methods, and Practical Examples
An in-depth exploration of the hazard rate, including its definition, how to calculate it, practical examples, its significance in survival analysis, and applications across various fields.
Hypothesis Testing: Four Steps and Critical Example
Explore the four essential steps of hypothesis testing and understand this fundamental statistical method through a detailed example. Learn how to apply hypothesis testing in various contexts and enhance your analytical skills.
Inverse Correlation: Understanding the Concept, Mechanism, and Calculations
Explore the concept of inverse correlation, understand how it works, and see examples of calculations. Learn about its significance in various fields such as finance, economics, and statistics.
John F. Nash Jr.: His Education, Accomplishments, and Enduring Legacy
Explore the life and contributions of John F. Nash Jr., an American mathematician renowned for his groundbreaking work in game theory, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994.
Kelly Criterion: Definition, Formula, History, Applications, and Goals
Understanding the Kelly Criterion in probability theory for optimal bet sizing to maximize wealth over time. Learn about its definition, working formula, historical context, and practical applications.
Law of Large Numbers: Definition, Applications, and Examples
Understanding the Law of Large Numbers in probability and statistics, including its definition, applications, and illustrative examples.
Least Squares Criterion: Definition, Mechanism, and Applications
Explore the Least Squares Criterion, a method used to determine the line of best fit for a set of data points. Understand its mathematical foundation, practical applications, and importance in statistical analysis.
Linearly Weighted Moving Average (LWMA): Definition, Calculation, and Applications
An in-depth exploration of the Linearly Weighted Moving Average (LWMA), including its definition, calculation methods, different types, usage scenarios in finance, and examples.
Median: Definition, Calculation, and Examples
Learn about the median, an important statistical measure. Understand its definition, calculation methods, and practical examples.
Merton Model: Definition, History, Formula, and Applications in Credit Risk Assessment
The Merton Model is a sophisticated mathematical framework used by stock analysts and lenders to evaluate a corporation's credit risk. This entry delves into its definition, historical development, key formula, interpretation, and practical applications.
Metrics: Quantitative Assessment and Performance Measurements
Comprehensive definition and explanation of metrics, their types, applications, historical context, and importance in assessing, comparing, and tracking performance or production.
Multicollinearity: Definition, Examples, and FAQs
Comprehensive guide on Multicollinearity covering its definition, types, causes, effects, identification methods, examples, and frequently asked questions. Understand how Multicollinearity impacts multiple regression models and how to address it.
Multiple Linear Regression (MLR): Comprehensive Definition, Formula, and Example
Discover the principles of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), including its definition, formula, and practical example. Learn how MLR uses multiple explanatory variables to predict outcomes in various fields.
Mutually Exclusive: Definition, Examples, and Applications
A comprehensive guide to understanding the concept of mutually exclusive events in statistics, complete with definitions, examples, formulas, historical context, and practical applications.
Negative Correlation: Definition, Mechanism, and Examples
Negative correlation is a statistical relationship where one variable increases as the other decreases. Learn how it works, see examples, and get answers to frequently asked questions.
Noise: Definition, Causes, and Alternatives
Noise refers to information or activity that confuses or misrepresents genuine underlying trends. This entry explores the definition, causes, and alternatives to noise, providing a comprehensive understanding of its impact and relevance in various contexts.
Understanding Nonlinear Regression: A Comparison to Linear Regression
An in-depth look at nonlinear regression, contrasting it with linear regression, explaining its mathematical foundations, types, applications, and historical development.
Normal Distribution: Definition, Applications, and Mathematical Formulation
An in-depth exploration of the Normal Distribution, including its definition, mathematical formulation, various applications across different domains, historical context, and key properties.
Objective Probability: Definition, Mechanisms, and Examples
Objective probability refers to the likelihood of an event occurring based on empirical data and recorded observations. This article explores its definition, underlying mechanisms, examples, historical context, and related terms.
Platykurtic: Definition, Examples, and Comparison with Other Distributions
Platykurtic refers to a statistical distribution with negative excess kurtosis, indicating fewer extreme events than a normal distribution. Learn about its definition, examples, and comparisons with other distribution types.
Positive Correlation: Definition, Measurement, and Real-World Examples
Positive correlation is a statistical relationship between two variables where an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other. This comprehensive entry explores the definition, methods of measurement, real-world examples, and implications of positive correlation.
Posterior Probability: Definition, Formula, and Calculation Methods
An in-depth analysis of posterior probability, its formulation and methods for calculation, and its applications in various fields such as Bayesian statistics, machine learning, and decision making.
Pro Rata: Definition, Calculation, and Applications
Explore the concept of pro rata, understand its formula for calculation, and discover its various applications across different fields such as finance, insurance, and daily life.
Production Possibility Frontier (PPF): Efficiency and Resource Allocation in Economics
An in-depth exploration of the Production Possibility Frontier (PPF), its purpose, significance, and application in economics to optimize resource allocation and efficiency.
Quartiles: Definition, Calculation, and Examples
Understanding Quartiles: Explore what quartiles are, how they divide data sets into four equal parts, and their significance in statistical analysis. Includes calculation methods and practical examples.
Queuing Theory: Definition, Elements, and Examples
A comprehensive exploration of Queuing Theory, including its definition, fundamental elements, and practical examples. Understand the mathematical study of waiting lines, from arrival times to the number of servers.

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