Real Estate

CO-OP: Types of Cooperative Arrangements
Detailed explanation of CO-OPs including their types, historical context, and relevance in real estate and housing.
Co-Ownership: Legal Arrangements for Shared Property
In-depth exploration of various legal arrangements by which property is owned by more than one person, including Tenancy in Common, Joint Tenancy, Community Property, Partnerships, and Limited Liability Companies (LLCs).
Co-Tenancy: Understanding Shared Property Ownership
An in-depth look at Co-Tenancy, the simultaneous possession and rights holding of a unit of property by two or more persons. It covers Joint Tenancy, Tenancy by the Entirety, and Tenancy in Common.
Commercial Broker: Key Role in Real Estate
A commercial broker lists and sells commercial property, including shopping centers, office buildings, industrial facilities, and apartment projects.
Commercial Property: Comprehensive Overview
Commercial property refers to real estate intended for use by businesses for retail, wholesale, office, hotel, service, manufacturing, or industrial purposes.
Commercial Property Policy: Comprehensive Coverage for Business Risks
An in-depth overview of Commercial Property Policy, covering business risks such as goods in transit, fire, burglary, and theft, with a focus on the Special Multiperil Policy (SMP).
Common Area: Shared Spaces in Real Estate
In-depth overview of common areas within properties, including their types, examples, legal considerations, and management.
Common Elements (in a Condominium): Shared Ownership and Usage
An in-depth overview of common elements in a condominium, detailing their significance, types, examples, historical context, and legal considerations.
Comparables: Similar Properties in Real Estate
An in-depth look at comparables (comps) in real estate, which are properties similar to the one being sold or appraised. This article explores various facets, including adjustments and appraisals, providing a comprehensive understanding of the concept.
COMPS: An Essential Real Estate Appraisal Term
Learn about COMPS, short for Comparables, an essential term in real estate appraisal used to determine property value by comparing it to similar properties.
Computer-Assisted Mass Appraisal (CAMA): Efficient Property Valuations
Computer-Assisted Mass Appraisal (CAMA) refers to proprietary software used to make fast valuations of one or more real properties. The program may range from simple percentage increase calculations to complex statistical techniques.
Computerized Loan Origination (CLO): Streamlining Mortgage Loans
Computerized Loan Origination (CLO) refers to the use of specialized computer software in the origination of mortgage loans, often by an individual who is not a loan officer, connecting the originator to various mortgage lenders. It enables real estate brokers to offer a broader range of services.
Concession: Comprehensive Definition and Applications
A detailed definition of 'concession' encompassing small shops, government-granted rights, lease incentives, and selling group compensation.
Condemnation: Taking Private Property for Public Use with Compensation
Condemnation involves the process where the government takes private property for public use, providing compensation to the owner under eminent domain. It is often utilized for public infrastructure projects and involves legal and tax considerations.
Condemnation Award: Financial Consideration for Condemned Property
An in-depth exploration of compensation received through the Condemnation Award process, including the valuation, legal procedures, historical context, and practical applications.
Conditional-Use Permit: Special-Use Permit Overview
An in-depth exploration of Conditional-Use Permits, also known as Special-Use Permits, including their purpose, types, and application in land-use planning.
Conditions, Covenants, and Restrictions (CCRs): Property Usage Guidelines
Conditions, Covenants, and Restrictions (CCRs) are rules stated in condominium or subdivision deeds or bylaws that define how property may be used, ensuring a harmonious and attractive setting.
Condominium: A Modern Form of Real Estate Ownership
Comprehensive coverage on the concept of Condominium ownership, detailing its structure, benefits, special considerations, and its distinct nature in the realm of real estate.
Condominium Declaration: Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth discussion of condominium declarations; explaining its role, significance, structure, and legal implications in real estate and property laws.
Condominium Owners' Association: Organization and Responsibilities
An in-depth look at Condominium Owners' Associations, their role in managing common elements, and enforcing bylaws in condominiums. Comparison with similar entities such as Community Associations.
Conforming Loan: Eligible Mortgage for FNMA or FHLMC Purchase
A Conforming Loan is a residential mortgage loan eligible for purchase by FNMA or FHLMC, offering lower interest rates and more favorable terms than nonconforming loans, with dollar limits adjusted annually.
Consequential Damages: Impact on Property Value
Comprehensive coverage on the implications of consequential damages, primarily focusing on the loss in property value due to neighboring property developments or takings.
Construction Loan: Short-term Real Estate Loan
A detailed definition and explanation of a Construction Loan, its types, special considerations, examples, historical context, applicability, comparisons, related terms, frequently asked questions (FAQs), references, and final summary.
Constructive Notice: Legal Presumption of Notice
An in-depth exploration of Constructive Notice and its implications in law, real estate, and general applications. Includes types, historical context, examples, and related terms.
Contract Price: Definition and Applications in Installment Sales
Comprehensive guide to understanding the concept of Contract Price in Installment Sales for tax purposes, including its definition, calculation, historical context, and significance.
Contract Rent: Agreed Rent in Contracts
Contract Rent refers to the predetermined amount of rent specified in a rental agreement, distinguishing it from economic rent, which is influenced by market conditions.
Conventional Mortgage: Residential Mortgage Loan
A detailed description of a conventional mortgage, including its definition, types, special considerations, examples, historical context, applicability, comparisons, related terms, frequently asked questions, and references.
Converter: An Active Real Estate Entrepreneur
Detailed information about converters, entrepreneurs who change the ownership and physical configuration of property, their roles, and impact on the real estate market.
Convey: Transfer of Property in Real Property Law
A detailed explanation of 'Convey' as it pertains to the transfer of property from one party to another, including the legal formalities involved.
Cost Approach Method: Property Appraisal Technique
The Cost Approach method appraises property value by summing the reproduction cost of improvements and the market value of the site, then subtracting depreciation.
Counteroffer: Rejection of an Offer with a Substitute Proposal
A counteroffer is the rejection of an original offer to buy or sell with a simultaneous substitute offer, typically involving different terms such as price, financing arrangements, or other conditions.
Credit Tenant: Financially Strong Leaseholders in Real Estate
A credit tenant in real estate refers to a large, established, and financially robust tenant that is rated at least investment grade by a major credit rating service. Properties leased to credit tenants can secure mortgage financing based on the tenant's high likelihood of honoring its lease.
CUL-DE-SAC: Dead-End Street in Residential Neighborhoods
A CUL-DE-SAC is a dead-end street with an intersection on one end and a closed turning area on the other, often valued for the privacy it provides to homes.
Curable Depreciation: Understanding Depreciation That Can Be Corrected
Curable Depreciation refers to the type of depreciation in real estate appraisal that can be rectified at a cost less than the value it adds to the property. Learn more about the concept, applications, and distinctions between curable and incurable depreciation.
Curtesy: Husband's Right in Common Law
An in-depth overview of curtesy, detailing a husband's right to a life estate upon the death of his wife, under common law, encompassing historical context, examples, and related terms.
Custom Builder: Unique Home Construction
A custom builder specializes in constructing unique houses tailored to specific customer requirements, offering personalized designs to suit individual needs and preferences.
Debit: Detailed Insights and Examples
An in-depth look at debits in accounting and real estate, their applications, types, examples, and distinctions from credits.
Debt Coverage Ratio: Understanding Financial Health in Real Estate
The Debt Coverage Ratio (DCR) is a key financial metric used to assess the ability of income properties to cover their debt obligations. Calculated as the ratio of Net Operating Income (NOI) to Annual Debt Service (ADS), it plays a crucial role in mortgage underwriting.
Debt Service Coverage: Financial Metric
Debt Service Coverage (DSC) is a critical financial metric used across corporate, government, personal finance, and real estate contexts to measure the cash flow available to service debt payments.
Declaration: Comprehensive Explanation
An in-depth exploration of 'Declaration' in various contexts including legal pleadings by a plaintiff, creation of condominiums, and insurance applications.
Dedication (Conveyance): Public Land Grants by Private Owners
In real estate, Dedication (Conveyance) refers to the transfer of land by a private owner to the public, subsequently accepted by a public authority. This can foster goodwill and serve public interest.
Deed: Definition, Types, and Uses
A comprehensive guide to deeds, including their function in conveying interest in real estate, various types, and related legal instruments.
Deed of Trust: Essential Legal Instrument in Real Estate Transactions
A Deed of Trust involves the transfer of legal title to a property from its owner to a trustee, so that the trustee may hold the title as security for the performance of certain obligations, monetary or otherwise, by the owner or a third party.
Deed Restriction: Clause in a Deed Limiting Land Use
A deed restriction is a clause in a deed that limits the use of the land, potentially including prohibitions on activities such as the sale of alcoholic beverages. Such restrictions can have significant legal and practical implications.
Defective Title: Understanding Unmarketable Ownership Rights
An in-depth exploration of defective titles, encompassing unmarketable ownership rights, land titles susceptible to partial or other ownership claims, and negotiable instruments obtained through fraud or illegal means.
Deferred Charge: Intangible Expenditure Carried Forward as an Asset
A deferred charge represents an intangible expenditure that is carried forward as an asset and amortized over the period it represents. It commonly includes fees such as those for arranging long-term loans.
Delayed Exchange: Tax-Free Exchange Under Section 1031
Learn about Delayed Exchange, a tax-free exchange under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code, which allows investors to defer capital gains taxes on investment property sales.
Delivery: Voluntary Transfer of Title or Possession
Delivery involves the voluntary transfer of title or possession from one party to another, often requiring actual or constructive delivery to complete the transfer. Essential for real estate and other asset transactions.
Demised Premises: Property Subject to Lease
A detailed examination of demised premises, referring to property, usually real estate, which is leased or rented out through a formal agreement.
Density in Real Estate: Intensity of Land Use
Exploring the concept of density in real estate, focusing on the intensity of land use, calculations, types, examples, historical context, and its importance in urban planning and development.
Descent: Property Acquisition Through Laws of Descent and Distribution
Descent is a method of acquiring property, usually real property, through the laws of descent and distribution from a decedent without the use of a will.
Developer: Role and Significance in Real Estate and Computing
A developer transforms raw land into improved land in real estate, utilizing labor, capital, and entrepreneurial efforts. In computing, a developer writes application software.
Devise: Testamentary Gift of Property
Comprehensive definition of Devise, explaining its use as testamentary gifts of real and personal property through wills, its historical context, and related terms such as bequest.
Direct-Reduction Mortgage: A Balanced Approach to Loan Repayment
A detailed examination of Direct-Reduction Mortgages, which require payments that cover both interest and principal, ensuring loan amortization over the loan's term.
Discharge of Lien: Order Removing a Lien on Property
A comprehensive overview of the Discharge of Lien, which refers to the order removing a lien on property after the originating legal claim has been paid or otherwise satisfied.
Discount Broker: An Introduction
A detailed explanation of a discount broker, including its services, comparison with full-service brokers, and relevance in stock markets and real estate.
Discount Points: An In-Depth Explanation
Comprehensive overview of discount points, their purpose, and impact on loans including types, historical context, examples, and applicability in various scenarios.
Dispossess: To Oust, Eject, or Exclude From Possession
The act of ousting, ejecting, or excluding another from the possession of lands or premises, whether by legal process or wrongfully.
Dispossess Proceedings: Legal Removal of Tenants
A comprehensive overview of the legal process where landlords remove tenants to regain possession of property, known as dispossess proceedings.
Distress Sale: Forced Sale of Property
A comprehensive overview of Distress Sale, its implications, causes, examples, and related terminologies across various assets like stocks, bonds, mutual funds, futures, and real estate, often resulting from a margin call or foreclosure.
Dominant Tenement: An Overview
A comprehensive exploration of the concept of a Dominant Tenement in property law, explaining its role, benefits, and interaction with servient tenements and easements.
Downpayment: Initial Cash Payment Towards Property or Goods
A downpayment is the portion of the total cost of property or goods that is paid upfront in cash, reducing the amount of debt incurred.
Downzoning: Changing Land Use Intensity
The process of rezoning a tract of land for a less intensive use than that currently existing or permitted, known as downzoning.
Dual Agency: Real Estate Representation
Dual Agency is the situation in which a real estate agent represents more than one party to a transaction. It is accepted in most states with full disclosure, though many people do not consider it a good business practice because each party wants representation for his/her position.
Dual Contract: An Unethical Practice in Financial Transactions
Dual Contract refers to the illegal or unethical practice of providing two different contracts for the same transaction. The one with a larger amount is generally used to apply for a loan, while the actual contract reflects a lower amount.
Due-On-Sale Clause: Provision in a Mortgage Contract
A detailed exploration of the Due-On-Sale Clause, which mandates that a mortgage loan is due upon the sale or transfer of the property, including its implications, exceptions, and related concepts.
Earnest Money Deposit: A Show of Good Faith in Real Estate Transactions
An in-depth look at Earnest Money Deposit, its purpose in real estate transactions, how it works, comparisons, historical context, and FAQs.
Easement: Limited Right to Use Another's Land
An easement grants a limited right to use another's land for a special purpose, such as utility lines, without possessing the land.
Economic Rent: Definition and Relevance
Economic Rent is the cost commanded by a factor that is unique or inelastic in supply. It plays a critical role in economic theories and real estate appraisals. This article explores its various aspects, applications, and implications.
Emblements: Rights and Definitions
Understanding the concept of emblements, the rights of tenants to crops, and the legal handling of annual vegetable chattels.

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