A comprehensive guide to understanding the role and benefits of a pensioner in society, the types of pensions available, and the historical context of pension systems.
The Pensions Act 2014 is a significant piece of legislation in the United Kingdom that introduced the New State Pension, affecting how pensions are calculated and received.
Percentile Rank refers to the percentage of scores in a norm group that fall below a given score. It is a widely used statistical measure to understand the relative standing of an individual score within a broader distribution.
An in-depth exploration of the concept of 'Perfect,' which implies an ultimate state with no room for improvement, often a higher standard than flawless.
Understanding the term 'Permanent Resident,' including its definition, rights, types, application process, historical context, and related terms.
An in-depth exploration of personal income distribution, its historical context, methods of measurement, key events, importance, and applicability.
An in-depth look into personal preferences, their role in economics and decision-making, types, historical context, models, and applicability.
Phenomenology is a philosophical approach that delves into how individuals perceive and experience phenomena, emphasizing the subjective nature of reality and consciousness.
A comprehensive coverage of the term 'Philanthropist', its definition, historical context, examples, types, and related frequently asked questions.
A line of striking workers positioned outside their workplace, often to dissuade others from entering and to draw attention to their cause.
Piracy refers to the act of violating copyright by using, sharing, or distributing copyrighted material without permission. This includes forms like internet piracy, where music, videos, and other media are made available illegally.
An in-depth exploration of pity, its historical context, psychological dimensions, implications, and cultural perspectives.
A formal statement by or on behalf of a defendant or prisoner, stating their defense or pleading guilty.
Exploring the role, historical context, importance, and legacy of plebeians in ancient Roman society, as well as their relevance in modern contexts.
Pluralism is a condition or system in which multiple groups, with diverse perspectives, coexist and have a say in governance. It is an essential principle in democratic societies, promoting inclusivity and balance.
An in-depth exploration of the term 'Plus-One', its significance in social events, historical context, applicability, and related cultural nuances.
An in-depth exploration of Political Geography, covering its historical context, categories, key events, models, diagrams, importance, examples, related terms, comparisons, facts, stories, quotes, expressions, jargon, FAQs, references, and summary.
Political lobbying encompasses efforts by organizations to influence political decisions and policies. It is a critical aspect of democratic systems, allowing various interest groups to have their voices heard by policymakers.
Political parties are organizations that aim to gain political power by participating in electoral processes and influencing government policy. Unlike interest groups, which seek to influence those in power without holding office, political parties actively seek office to implement their agendas.
An exploration of political systems, behaviors, structures, and the functioning of government institutions.
A comprehensive account of the population, typically conducted by a government to gather demographic information.
A comprehensive exploration of Population Census, its historical context, types, significance, and methodologies, including real-world applications, key events, and related concepts.
Understanding Population Density: Definition, Types, Examples, and Applications in Various Fields
Understanding Population Momentum: The tendency for a population to continue to grow after fertility rates fall to replacement level due to the existing age structure.
Population pyramids are graphical representations that illustrate the age and sex distribution of a population, offering valuable insights into demographic trends and social structures.
Population Size refers to the total number of individuals or entities in a specified area, often segmented into various categories such as cities, towns, or regions.
A comprehensive examination of the Population Trap, its historical context, key factors, implications for development, and potential solutions for escape.
A comprehensive look into Positional Goods, including their historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, examples, and much more.
Measures aimed at favoring underrepresented or disadvantaged groups to promote gender balance and equality.
Positive economics focuses on describing and explaining economic phenomena, making predictions without value judgements. It contrasts with normative economics, which prescribes policies based on subjective criteria.
An exploration into the benefits experienced by third parties when a good or service is consumed, and how they impact society and the economy.
Understanding the concept of positive externalities in economics, including examples, importance, related terms, and implications.
An exploration of the field of Positive Psychology, studying the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive.
Positive statements are objective descriptions based on factual evidence. This article covers their historical context, key characteristics, importance, examples, related terms, and much more.
A Post refers to an individual message within a digital communication thread, commonly found in forums, social media platforms, and various online discussion boards.
A comprehensive overview of the Post Office, its functions, history, and modern relevance.
Post-decisional dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort experienced after making a difficult decision, often leading to individuals seeking justification or reinforcement for their choice.
Post-Fordism refers to the evolution of industrial practices beyond the principles of Fordism, characterized by greater flexibility, customization, and the use of advanced technology.
The Post-War Era, following World War II, was marked by significant economic reconstruction and a surge in birth rates known as the baby boom.
An in-depth exploration of posts—content created and shared by users, including articles, blog posts, photos, and videos.
Poverty is the inability to afford an adequate standard of consumption, influenced by both absolute and relative measures. This article explores poverty's historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and more.
Explore the comprehensive strategies and policies aimed at reducing the number of people living in poverty, including historical context, applicability, and related terms.
Understanding the Poverty Line as the threshold under which individuals or families are considered to be living in poverty, defining the minimum level of income deemed adequate to live in a particular country.
A comprehensive exploration of the poverty line, encompassing its definitions, types, historical context, and socioeconomic implications.
An in-depth exploration of the poverty trap phenomenon, encompassing individual and national perspectives, historical context, economic implications, and potential solutions.
Power Dynamics examines how power is distributed, negotiated, and exercised within organizational settings, shaping interactions and organizational outcomes.
Practical Wisdom, or 'phronesis', is the ability to act virtuously in specific situations, combining knowledge, experience, and ethical consideration.
Praxis refers to the process of enacting theory into practical action, particularly within Marxist theory, where it implies revolutionary activity aimed at transforming societal structures.
Precarious Employment refers to jobs that provide minimal job security, benefits, and are often part-time or temporary. Learn about its types, implications, historical context, and applicability.
A comprehensive exploration of the term 'predecessor,' delving into its definition, types, historical context, and applicability across various fields.
An in-depth exploration of preference revelation, mechanisms for true preference disclosure, and its significance in economics, finance, and public policy.
A comprehensive examination of preferences, including axioms of preference, liquidity preference, personal preferences, revealed preference, single-peaked preferences, and time preference.
Prejudice refers to preconceived opinions not based on reason or actual experience, often leading to biased attitudes and stereotypes.
Detailed Explanation on Pressure Groups, Their Types, Functions, and Influence on Public Policies
An organization striving to influence public policy, laws, or regulations for specific interests or broader causes through various means of advocacy.
An in-depth look at the concept of prestige, its implications, historical context, examples, and its place in various fields.
Primary sources are original legal documents, such as statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions, upon which secondary sources provide commentary and analysis.
An in-depth look at Priming, where exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another, covering its types, applications, historical context, and relevance in various fields.
Primogeniture, a system where the eldest son inherits the entirety of an estate, has roots deeply embedded in history and significant socio-economic implications.
Prior restraint involves governmental actions that prevent speech or other expressions before they occur. It is a critical concept in free speech and censorship discussions.
An in-depth exploration of private property, covering its definition, historical context, types, key events, formulas, charts, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, famous quotes, proverbs, jargon, FAQs, and more.
This article explores private vehicle users, encompassing historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, and FAQs.
An in-depth exploration of Privileges, outlining their concept, types, implications, and examples.
A comprehensive exploration of the concept of pro bono, its historical context, types, importance, and applicability across various professions.
Pro bono, a Latin phrase meaning 'for the public good,' refers to professional work undertaken voluntarily and without payment. This term is commonly used in the context of legal services provided to those who are unable to afford them.
Pro Bono refers to professional services provided by experts, particularly in the legal field, without payment as a form of public service.
A detailed exploration of the term 'pro bono publico,' which emphasizes services provided for the public good, including its historical context, importance, and examples.
A comprehensive exploration of the concept of 'probable,' including its historical context, applications in various fields, and relevant models and examples.
A detailed exploration of problem-solving, encompassing its definition, types, models, historical context, examples, comparative analysis, and related terminology.
A comprehensive look at professional bodies, their roles, standards, regulations, and impact on various industries.
Professional societies are organizations that bring together individuals from specific professions to advance knowledge, uphold standards, and promote networking among members. These societies play a critical role in personal and professional development.
A comprehensive exploration of professionalism, highlighting its importance, characteristics, and applications across various fields.
An in-depth exploration of progeny, its types, historical context, scientific explanations, cultural significance, and related terms.
The term 'prohibit' is used to specifically instruct someone or a group to refrain from performing a particular action or behavior.
A comprehensive look at the concept of a promise, its historical context, types, key events, importance, and applications in various fields.
Propaganda is a form of communication often with a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a particular political cause or point of view. This entry explores its definition, types, historical context, and applicability.
Propensity Score Matching is a statistical method used to estimate the causal effect of a treatment or policy intervention in observational data by comparing the outcomes of treated and untreated subjects who are otherwise similar in their observed characteristics.
An in-depth look at groups of individuals legally shielded from discrimination across various contexts, including employment, housing, and public accommodations.
A comprehensive legal instrument designed to protect individuals from harassment, abuse, and threats, commonly used in cases of domestic violence.
The Protestant Ethic is a religious and cultural ethos often associated with the values of hard work, discipline, and frugality, linked historically to the Reformation and credited with significant influence on modern capitalism.
Protocols refer to established procedures and systems of rules designed to manage specific processes, primarily utilized in scientific and technical fields to ensure consistency, reliability, and accuracy.
Proxemics is an essential field of study that examines how individuals use and perceive the physical space around them in social interactions.
A Proxy War is a conflict where third parties are used by more powerful states to achieve their goals. It involves indirect confrontation and intervention.
An in-depth exploration of pseudonymity, its historical context, significance, and application across various domains.
An in-depth exploration of the psychological impact, its historical context, types, key events, explanations, applicability, and more.
An in-depth exploration of the psychological implications, focusing on their influence on individual and group behaviors, particularly within economic and social contexts.
An in-depth exploration of psychological momentum, its definition, components, effects, examples, and applications in various fields such as sports, finance, and personal development.
A comprehensive encyclopedia entry covering Psychological Well-being, its historical context, key elements, importance, applicability, and more.
A comprehensive exploration of psychology, its history, types, key events, theoretical models, importance, and its diverse applications.
Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy, and bold, disinhibited traits. This article provides a comprehensive overview of its history, categories, key events, detailed explanations, and related concepts.
Public Administration is the implementation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation, examining the interactions between governmental institutions and society.
A comprehensive overview of Public Assistance, including definitions, types, historical context, and considerations.
A Public Benefit Entity (PBE) is an organization that operates with the primary objective of providing benefits to the public rather than generating profit for owners or shareholders. This entry explores the various aspects of PBEs, including their historical context, types, importance, applicability, and more.
An in-depth exploration of public benefits, including types, historical context, key events, mathematical models, importance, examples, and more.
Public Data refers to data that is freely available to everyone, characterized by its accessibility, transparency, and utility for various purposes such as research, governance, and innovation.
Public Health encompasses education, policy making, and research aimed at protecting and improving the health of communities by preventing disease and injury.
Public holidays are designated days of celebration, commemoration, or observance that are officially recognized by the state. These holidays often reflect the culture, history, and values of a nation and may include religious, national, or cultural events.
Public interest law focuses on representing underrepresented individuals and causes, promoting justice and societal welfare.
An exploration of public lands, including their historical context, types, key events, significance, and administration.
A detailed exploration of public opinion polls, methodologies, historical context, and their importance in shaping public policy and understanding societal trends.
