Stock Markets

Uptick Volume: Analyzing Stock Market Trends
Understanding the concept of Uptick Volume, its significance in the stock market, and how it is used by traders to gauge buying pressure.
Value Investment: A Long-Term Strategy for Growth
An investment strategy guided by the real underlying value of a company and its long-term growth potential, rather than short-term market fluctuations.
Value Investors: Investors Who Seek Undervalued Stocks for Long-Term Gains
Value investors aim to identify and invest in undervalued stocks by focusing on fundamental analysis, inspired by influential figures such as Benjamin Graham and Warren Buffet.
Virt-x: A Former London-Based Electronic Exchange
Virt-x was a pioneering electronic exchange based in London, later acquired by SWX Swiss Exchange, notable for its integration of advanced trading technologies.
VIX Futures: Contracts that Bet on the Future Value of the VIX
Comprehensive overview of VIX Futures, their definition, types, applications, historical context, and examples in financial markets.
Volume (V): Number of Contracts Traded Within a Specified Period
A comprehensive analysis of Volume (V), encompassing historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and more.
Volume Oscillator: A Technical Analysis Tool
An in-depth look into the Volume Oscillator, a technical analysis tool used to measure the difference between two volume moving averages.
Voting Rights: Right of Shareholders to Vote on Corporate Matters
The rights of shareholders to vote on major corporate decisions, such as electing board members and approving significant corporate actions. This entry explores types, applicability, historical context, and related terms.
Watered Stock: Understanding Stock Watering
An in-depth exploration of Watered Stock, a term describing artificially inflated shares in business. Learn about its history, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and related terms.
Weighted Average Shares: The Average Number of Shares Outstanding During the Reporting Period
A detailed exploration of the concept of Weighted Average Shares, which represents the average number of shares outstanding during a specific period. This term is crucial in financial analysis and accounting for accurate earnings per share calculation.
Weighted Index: An In-Depth Overview
Explore the concept of a weighted index, a crucial financial metric that assigns different weights to various securities based on factors like market capitalization or price.
WSE: The Warsaw Stock Exchange - Main Stock Exchange in Poland
An in-depth exploration of the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), the main stock exchange in Poland. Covering historical context, operations, key events, significance, and more.
Zero Cost Collar: Strategy Overview and Benefits
A Zero Cost Collar is an options trading strategy that can offer downside protection at the expense of limited upside potential. By simultaneously purchasing a put option and selling a call option, investors can mitigate their outlay and potentially make the strategy cost-neutral.
After Market: Also Known as Secondary Market
A comprehensive overview of the after market, also known as the secondary market, its importance in finance, types, and key considerations.
Against the Box: Short Sale by the Holder of a Long Position
An in-depth exploration of the concept 'Against the Box' in finance, where a short sale is made by the holder of a long position in the same stock, often utilized for hedging or speculative purposes.
Auction Exchanges: Centralized Securities Trading Markets
A comprehensive guide on Auction Exchanges, centralized securities trading markets where securities such as equities, bonds, and options are traded in an orderly manner through security brokers.
Bear Market: Comprehensive Overview
A detailed examination of Bear Markets in the context of stock market performance, characteristics, causes, and historical contexts.
Bear Raid: Manipulating Stock Prices Downward
A Bear Raid is an attempt by investors to manipulate the price of a stock downward by selling large numbers of shares short. Bear raids are illegal under Securities and Exchange Commission rules.
Bid and Asked: Essential Concepts in Markets
Understanding Bid and Asked Prices in Financial Markets, their Role in Quotations, and the Significance of the Spread.
Big Board: Popular Term for the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
An in-depth look into why the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is commonly referred to as the 'Big Board'. This entry explores the historical context, significance, and evolution of this iconic financial term.
Block (Finance): Large Quantity of Stock or Bonds Held or Traded
In finance, a block refers to a large quantity of stock or a large dollar amount of bonds held or traded. Typically, 10,000 shares or more of stock and $200,000 or more worth of bonds are considered a block.
Bottom: Support Level in Market Prices
Comprehensive explanation of 'Bottom' as a support level in market prices, including its significance in various contexts such as general markets, economics, and securities.
Bottom Fisher: An Investor's Strategy
A Bottom Fisher is an investor who seeks opportunities in investments that have fallen to their lowest prices and are expected to bounce back. This strategy sometimes involves investing in bankrupt or near-bankrupt firms.
Bourse: French Term for Stock Exchange
The term 'Bourse' refers to a stock exchange, derived from French, commonly used in Europe to denote financial markets for trading securities.
Bull Market: An Era of Rising Market Prices
A bull market signifies a prolonged period of rising prices in the market for assets such as stocks, commodities, and bonds, reflecting investor confidence and inducing a self-sustaining cycle of speculation and investment.
CAC-40: Capitalization-Weighted Index of 40 Major Shares on Paris Bourse
An overview of the CAC-40, a capitalization-weighted price index of the 40 most actively traded shares on the Paris Bourse. This entry explores its structure, significance, historical context, and comparisons with other indices like the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA).
Call Premium: Financial Definition and Implications
A comprehensive guide to understanding Call Premium, its significance in options trading and bonds, including calculation, examples, and related terms.
Cash Dividend: A Comprehensive Overview
A detailed explanation of cash dividends, their types, taxation, significance, historical context, and comparison with stock dividends and yield.
Circuit Breakers: Measures to Halt Market Trading
Circuit breakers are measures instituted by major stock and commodities exchanges to temporarily halt trading during significant market declines. They aim to prevent market free-fall by balancing buy and sell orders and allowing the public to catch up on news.
Class A/Class B Shares: Understanding Stock Classes
A comprehensive understanding of Class A and Class B shares, including their differences in voting rights, dividend preferences, and other unique characteristics.
Clearinghouse: Financial Settlement and Exchange
A clearinghouse is an association or organization that facilitates the exchange of checks, drafts, or other forms of indebtedness among its members, aiming to settle balances with minimal inconvenience and labor.
Closing Price: Last Transaction Price of a Trading Day
Closing Price or Closing Quote is the price of the last transaction of a trading day on an organized securities exchange, widely used for stock valuation.
Collar Index Level: Definition and Explanation
An in-depth overview of the collar index level, its role in circuit breakers for stock markets, and its implications for trading.
Commission Broker: Broker Executing Trades for a Commission
A comprehensive guide to understanding the role, functions, and intricacies of a Commission Broker, who executes trades of stocks, bonds, or commodities for a commission.
Common Stock Equivalent: Convertible Instruments and Potential Dilution
Common stock equivalent refers to securities such as preferred stock, convertible bonds, or warrants that can be converted into common stock, potentially diluting the equity of existing common shareholders.
Conversion Parity: Key Concepts and Application
Conversion Parity is a financial term related to convertible securities and refers to the price at which convertible securities (like bonds or preferred shares) can be converted into common stock.
CROSS Securities Transaction: Broker as Agent for Both Sides
A comprehensive analysis of CROSS securities transactions, where the same broker acts as an agent for both buyer and seller, along with legal implications and operational aspects.
CROWD: Group of Exchange Members with Defined Functions
A detailed explanation of CROWD, a term referring to a group of exchange members with specific roles congregated around a trading post, including specialists, floor traders, odd-lot dealers, brokers, and more.
Cumulative Dividend: Overview and Significance
A comprehensive guide to Cumulative Dividends including their definition, types, examples, historical context, and applicability in finance, particularly associated with Cumulative Preferred Stock.
Curb Exchange: See American Stock Exchange
Curb Exchange, historically known as the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), refers to the earlier forms of stock trading conducted literally on the curbs outside the stock exchanges. This progressed into highly organized trading platforms and eventually was absorbed into modern stock exchanges.
Cyclical Stock: Economic Sensitivity Explained
A cyclical stock is a type of equity that tends to rise quickly when the economy turns up and fall quickly when the economy turns down. Examples include housing, automobiles, and paper. Conversely, stocks of noncyclical industries, such as food, insurance, and drugs, are less directly affected by economic changes.
Daily Trading Limit: Market Fluctuation Control Mechanism
The daily trading limit is the maximum allowed price fluctuation for commodities and options within a single trading day, with restrictions to curb extreme volatility in the market.
Date of Record: Definition and Significance in Corporate Finance
The Date of Record is the date on which a corporation utilizes its list of stockholders to mail out dividend checks, typically two days after the ex-dividend date. Also known as the record date, this is a crucial concept in dividend distribution.
DAX Deutscher Aktienindex: German Blue Chip Stock Index
DAX, or Deutscher Aktienindex, is a stock performance index that includes dividends and consists of the 30 most actively traded blue chip stocks on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
Day Order: An Overview
A day order is a directive to buy or sell securities that expires unless executed or canceled on the day it is placed. This article delves into the definition, examples, and differences of a day order in comparison to other order types such as Good-Till-Canceled Orders (GTC).
Day Trader: Financial Market Professionals
A thorough exploration of Day Traders—individuals or professionals who buy and sell financial instruments within short time frames, typically within the same trading day.
Delisting: Removal of an Issue from Trading on an Organized Stock Exchange
Delisting refers to the removal of a security's listing on an organized stock exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange due to failure to maintain minimum listing requirements.
Dividend Rollover Plan: Strategy for Collecting Dividends and Potential Profits
A comprehensive guide on the Dividend Rollover Plan, a trading strategy centering on the timing of stock purchases and sales around ex-dividend dates to collect dividends and aim for small trading profits.
Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA): Comprehensive Overview
A detailed explanation of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), the most widely followed benchmark of stock market performance, including its components, history, and impact.
Dow Theory: Confirming Major Trends in the Stock Market
Dow Theory posits that a major trend in the stock market must be confirmed by a similar movement in both the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Dow Jones Transportation Average.
Earnings Per Share (EPS): Understanding Company Profit Allocation per Share
Earnings Per Share (EPS) is a critical financial metric used to evaluate a company's profitability by determining the portion of its profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. This metric is essential for assessing a stock's outlook in the market.
Electronic Trading: A Digital Evolution in Financial Markets
Deep dive into the world of electronic trading, where stocks and options are traded via the Internet. Learn about the process, advantages, types, and much more.
Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs): Structured Debt with Index Performance
Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs) are senior unsecured debt instruments that track the performance of a specific index, offering a unique investment option with both returns and risks tied to the creditworthiness of the issuer.
Exempt Securities: Stocks and Bonds with Regulatory Exemptions
A comprehensive overview of exempt securities, including definitions, types, regulatory exemptions, examples, historical context, applicability, and related terms.
Fail to Deliver: A Comprehensive Overview
A 'Fail to Deliver' situation occurs when the broker-dealer on the sell side of a contract has not delivered securities to the broker-dealer on the buy side. This situation is often due to the selling customer failing to provide the necessary delivery.
Fill or Kill (FOK): An Immediate and Binding Order
A Fill or Kill (FOK) order is an instruction to buy or sell a security immediately in its entirety, or else the order is canceled completely. These orders are typically used to ensure that transactions do not suffer delays or partial completions.
Firm Quote: Securities Industry Term for a Definite Bid or Offer Price
A Firm Quote in the securities industry is a round-lot bid or offer price of a security stated by a market maker, which is not identified as a nominal or subject quote that requires further negotiation or review.
Flash Crash: Momentary 998.5-Point Crash in DJIA
The Flash Crash refers to the sudden 998.5-point drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) on May 6, 2010, marking the biggest one-day decline in the average's history. It was caused by a single trade at a hedge fund that triggered a cascade of computerized selling.
FTSE 100: The Financial Times Stock Exchange Index
An in-depth analysis of the FTSE 100 index, popularly known as FOOTSIE, covering its components, significance, and role in financial markets.
Going Public: Initial Public Offering
Going Public: The process by which a private company first offers its shares to the public, transitioning to public ownership and compliance with regulatory requirements.
Good-Till-Canceled Order (GTC): Detailed Overview
A Good-Till-Canceled (GTC) order is a brokerage customer's order to buy or sell a security, usually at a particular price, that remains in effect until executed or canceled. This article covers its definition, types, examples, historical context, and comparisons with other orders.
Graveyard Market: Definition and Characteristics
A Graveyard Market is a bear market where investors who sell face substantial losses, while potential investors prefer to stay liquid until market conditions improve.
Hammering the Market: Intense Selling of Stocks Due to Speculated Market Drop
An in-depth look at the concept of 'Hammering the Market,' a term used to describe the intense selling of stocks by speculators who believe prices are inflated and the market is about to drop.
High-Tech Stock: Definition and Insights
Explore the intricacies of high-tech stocks, companies involved in fields such as computers, semiconductors, biotechnology, robotics, or electronics, known for above-average earnings growth and volatile stock prices.
Historic Low: Understanding the Lowest Price Paid for a Security
A thorough exploration of the concept of 'Historic Low', the lowest price paid for a security over a specified period or since it began trading. Understand the significance, applications in investment strategy, and related terms.
Hot Issue: Newly Issued Stock in Great Public Demand
Hot issue refers to newly issued stocks that are in great public demand, often resulting in a significant price increase during their initial public offering (IPO) due to a higher demand than the available shares.
Hybrid Investment/Security: A Comprehensive Overview
Hybrid investments or securities combine characteristics of multiple asset types, such as bonds and derivatives, to offer unique risk-return profiles and benefits.
In The Money: Options Contracts
Detailed explanation of 'In The Money' options, including definitions for call and put options, calculations, examples, historical context, and FAQs.
Large-Cap Stock: A Comprehensive Overview
An in-depth exploration of large-cap stocks, their significance, characteristics, and the role they play in investment portfolios.
Last Sale: Most Recent Trade in a Particular Security
The 'Last Sale' refers to the most recent trade of a particular security, distinct from the closing sale at the end of a trading session.
Leader: Stock or Group of Stocks at the Forefront of a Market Movement
A 'Leader' in financial markets refers to a stock or a group of stocks that are at the forefront of an upsurge or downturn. It also applies to products that hold a large market share.
Listed Security: Stocks or Bonds Traded on Exchanges
A comprehensive overview of listed securities, including their definitions, types, historical context, and differences from unlisted securities.
Listing Requirements: Minimal Tests for a Company's Stock to be Listed on a Stock Exchange
Comprehensive overview of the minimal tests a company must meet for its stock to be listed on various stock exchanges, with a focus on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) which has the most rigorous requirements.
Market Letter: Newsletter for Market Insights
A Market Letter is a newsletter provided to brokerage firm customers or written by an independent market analyst, registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission, who sells the letter to subscribers.
Market Order: Immediate Execution Order for Securities
A detailed overview of a market order, an immediate execution order to buy or sell a security at the best available price.
Member Firm: Brokerage Affiliation with Stock Exchange
A comprehensive examination of a Member Firm, a brokerage firm holding membership on a major stock exchange through an employee's name, its implications, historical context, and related terms.
Minus Tick: Definition and Insights
A comprehensive guide to understanding the concept of a Minus Tick, its significance in the stock market, and related terms like Downtick.
Momentum Player: Trader in Stock or Commodities Market
A momentum player is a trader in the stock or commodities market who identifies a trend in the price movement of a security and rides the trend as long as it is profitable.
Montreal Exchange: Canada's Premier Derivatives Exchange
An extensive overview of the Montreal Exchange, Canada's oldest stock exchange specializing in stocks, bonds, futures, and options trading.
NASDAQ: The Premier Electronic Stock Market
An overview of NASDAQ, the computerized system providing brokers and dealers with price quotations for securities traded over the counter and New York Stock Exchange-listed securities.

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