€STR: The European Central Bank’s Replacement for EURIBOR
Comprehensive coverage of €STR, including its historical context, structure, key events, mathematical formulas, applicability, examples, comparisons, interesting facts, FAQs, and references.
€STR: The Euro Short-Term Rate
Comprehensive guide to the Euro Short-Term Rate (€STR), its historical context, significance, formulas, and applications.
100 Per Cent Gold Backing: Historical Monetary Policy
A reserve rule requiring the bank issuing a currency to hold gold of equal value. Learn the historical context, key aspects, and implications of 100 per cent gold backing.
1031 Exchange: A Tax-Deferral Investment Strategy
A 1031 Exchange allows investors to defer capital gains taxes by reinvesting proceeds from a sold property into a new property, fostering continued real estate growth and investment.
1040 Form: The Standard IRS Form for Annual Income Tax Returns
The 1040 Form is the standard IRS form used by individuals to file their annual income tax returns. It includes sections for reporting income, deductions, credits, and other tax obligations.
1099 Form: Understanding Non-Wage Income Reporting
A comprehensive guide to the 1099 Form, used to report various types of income other than wages, salaries, and tips.
1099-MISC: Reporting Miscellaneous Income
1099-MISC is a tax form used to report various types of miscellaneous income to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), essential for individuals and businesses, particularly those involved in self-employment.
1099-NEC: Nonemployee Compensation Reporting
An overview of the 1099-NEC form used for reporting nonemployee compensation in the United States, introduced in 2020 to simplify and distinguish it from other income types.
12b-1 Fees: Annual Marketing and Distribution Fees
Comprehensive explanation of 12b-1 fees, which are annual marketing or distribution fees included in a mutual fund's expense ratio. Discover their purpose, calculation, implications, and regulatory background.
18--25 Trust: Establishing Financial Security for Young Adults
A comprehensive exploration of the 18--25 Trust, a financial trust established for the benefit of young individuals who gain full ownership of the trust property by their 25th birthday. This article covers the legal framework, inheritance tax implications, historical context, and practical applications.
1948: Shelley v. Kraemer Supreme Court Ruling on Racially Restrictive Covenants
The landmark 1948 Supreme Court ruling in Shelley v. Kraemer declared racially restrictive covenants unenforceable, a pivotal moment in the fight against housing discrimination in the United States.
1992: European Community Internal Market Unification
The 1992 Programme of the European Community (EC) aimed at unifying its internal market by eliminating barriers to the movement of goods, people, and capital.
2038 Problem: The Unix Time Glitch
An in-depth analysis of the 2038 Problem, a date-related glitch affecting systems using a 32-bit Unix time format, set to cause issues on January 19, 2038.
22-Karat Gold: High-Quality Gold Alloy
22-Karat Gold is a gold alloy where 22 parts out of 24 are pure gold, making it highly durable and suitable for various applications.
24-Hour City: A Continuously Active Metropolitan Area
A comprehensive exploration of the 24-Hour City, a continuously active metropolitan area with a robust economy and extensive amenities.
3(c)(1): Investment Company Exemption
Understanding the 3(c)(1) Exemption and its Role in Limiting the Number of Investors to 100, Including Accredited Investors.
3(c)(7): A Regulation for Qualified Purchasers
Comprehensive definition and analysis of 3(c)(7), focusing on the regulation that imposes no limit on the number of investors but restricts them to qualified purchasers.
30-Day Delinquency: A Preliminary Stage of Loan Default
30-Day Delinquency refers to loans overdue by one month and is an early indicator of potential financial difficulties faced by the borrower before escalating to severe delinquency stages.
30/360: Day Count Convention in Finance
A comprehensive guide to the 30/360 day count convention used in finance, including its historical context, applications, types, and calculations.
360-Degree Feedback: A Comprehensive Performance Review Method
360-Degree Feedback is a holistic performance evaluation method that compiles feedback from various sources to provide a comprehensive review of an individual's performance.
360/360: A Simplified Day Count Convention
A simplified variation where the year and the loan period are both measured as 360 days, commonly used in banking and financial calculations for ease of computations.
3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project
An in-depth exploration of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), its history, importance, and impact on modern telecommunications.
3PL: Third-Party Logistics Services
A comprehensive overview of Third-Party Logistics (3PL) services, including transportation, warehousing, and distribution. Explore types, benefits, industry applications, historical context, comparisons with 4PL, and more.
401(k): Tax-Advantaged Retirement Savings Plan
A comprehensive overview of 401(k), a tax-advantaged retirement savings plan sponsored by many employers in the United States, including types, benefits, and usage.
401(k) Loan: Borrowing from Your Retirement Savings
An in-depth look at 401(k) loans, their benefits and drawbacks, historical context, key events, types, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, and much more.
401(k) Plans: Employer-Sponsored Retirement Accounts Offering Tax Advantages
Comprehensive overview of 401(k) plans: employer-sponsored retirement savings accounts providing tax advantages and investment options for future retirement income.
403(b) Plan: Retirement Savings for Non-Profit and Public School Employees
A 403(b) plan is a retirement savings plan designed for employees of public schools and certain tax-exempt organizations, similar to a 401(k) plan but specifically for non-profits and public schools.
403(b) Plans: Retirement Plans for Public School and Non-Profit Employees
Detailed definition, types, examples, historical context, and more about 403(b) plans, which are tax-advantaged retirement savings plans for employees of public schools and certain non-profit organizations.
412(e)(3) Plan: Defined Benefit Pension Plan
A 412(e)(3) plan is a type of defined benefit pension plan that is funded exclusively by life insurance and annuity contracts. Known for guaranteed benefits, these plans are subject to enhanced regulatory scrutiny to prevent abuses.
4G: The Fourth Generation of Mobile Network Technology
4G, or fourth generation, refers to the fourth iteration of mobile network technology designed to enhance data transfer rates, reduce latency, and improve connectivity. This generation of networks supports advanced features such as HD streaming, video conferencing, and faster mobile browsing.
4G/5G: Successive Generations of Mobile Network Technology
Understanding 4G and 5G mobile network technology, detailing the advancements in data speed and connectivity, their impact, and future prospects.
501(c)(3): Tax-Exempt Entities
501(c)(3) is a section of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code that defines tax-exempt entities, typically used by qualified charities. This article elaborates on its definition, requirements, examples, and related terms.
501(c)(3) Organizations: Tax-Exempt Nonprofit Entities
501(c)(3) organizations are nonprofit entities that meet specific criteria under the United States Internal Revenue Code, making them exempt from federal income tax.
501(c)(9): Voluntary Employees' Beneficiary Associations
An overview of 501(c)(9) section of the Internal Revenue Code, where Voluntary Employees' Beneficiary Associations (VEBAs) qualify for tax-exempt status.
529 College Savings Plan: A Comprehensive Guide to Education Savings
Explore the essential features, benefits, and considerations of the 529 College Savings Plan, a tax-advantaged scheme designed to help families save for future education costs.
7-Pay Test: A Critical IRS Criterion for Life Insurance
In-depth exploration of the 7-Pay Test, an IRS mechanism to determine if a life insurance policy qualifies as a Modified Endowment Contract (MEC).
7(a) Loan Program: Comprehensive Financial Assistance for Small Businesses
The 7(a) Loan Program is the U.S. Small Business Administration's (SBA) primary vehicle for providing financial assistance to small businesses, offering a variety of loans to meet different business needs.
8-K: Report of Major Events
A report that companies must file with the SEC to announce significant events that shareholders should know about between 10-Q and 10-K filings.
8-K Report: Essential Announcements for Shareholders
An 8-K Report is filed to announce significant events that shareholders should be aware of, ensuring transparency and informed decision-making in the financial markets.
80/20 Rule: Pareto Principle Explained
Detailed explanation of the 80/20 Rule, also known as the Pareto Principle, its applications, examples, and historical context.
800 Number: Toll-Free Inbound Call Service
A comprehensive guide to understanding 800 Numbers, their functions, uses, and importance in telecommunications and business efficiency.
90-Day Delinquency: Understanding the Implications
A 90-Day Delinquency occurs when a loan payment is overdue by three months, which can lead to severe financial repercussions, including foreclosure.
℅ (same as C/O): Abbreviation Usage
An in-depth examination of the abbreviation ℅, which stands for 'care of' or 'in care of,' used primarily for addressing mail and correspondence.
1970s-Present: Increasing Prevalence of HOAs and CC&Rs in Residential Developments
A comprehensive exploration of the rise in Homeowners Associations (HOAs) and Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs) in residential developments from the 1970s to the present.
Insolvency: Understanding Financial Distress
Insolvency occurs when an entity's liabilities exceed its assets, and it cannot meet its debt obligations as they become due.
Liquidity: Financial Flexibility and Short-term Solvency
Liquidity refers to the ability of an entity to meet its short-term liabilities using available liquid assets. It is a crucial aspect of financial health distinct from solvency.
Pass-Through Security: Securitized Interest in Underlying Assets
A comprehensive look into Pass-Through Securities, a type of securitized interest where payments from the underlying assets are transferred directly to certificate holders.
Blind Copy: Privacy-Preserving Method for Email Communication
A 'Blind Copy' is an email functionality that allows the sender to send a copy of an email to recipients without revealing their email addresses to other recipients. Symbolized by bcc, it is crucial for maintaining privacy when emailing mailing lists.
[C&F] Cost and Freight: Shipping Terminology
[C&F], or Cost and Freight, is a term used in international shipping to indicate that the seller is responsible for the cost of goods and freight but not for insurance. This term specifies the selling condition by the International Commercial Terms (Incoterms).
[NOT RATED (NR)]: Unrated Securities or Companies
The [NOT RATED (NR)] indication used by securities rating services and mercantile agencies denotes that a security or company has not been rated, carrying neither negative nor positive implications.
10-K Report: Comprehensive Annual Performance Review
A detailed overview of the financial performance of a publicly traded company, including audited financial statements, company operations, market information, and management’s discussion and analysis.
10-Q: Quarterly Financial Report
Form 10-Q is a quarterly financial report submitted by public companies to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), providing a comprehensive overview of their financial performance.
12b-1 Fee: Promotional Fee Charged by a Mutual Fund
A comprehensive overview of the 12b-1 fee, a promotional fee charged by mutual funds, including its purpose, calculation, historical context, examples, and related terms.
30-Day Letter: IRS Formal Notice
A 30-Day Letter is a formal notice from the IRS giving the taxpayer 30 days to appeal the proposed finding of the Revenue Agent.
401(k) Plan: Retirement Savings Plan
A 401(k) plan is a company-sponsored retirement savings plan that allows employees to contribute a portion of their earnings pretax, with taxes applied at withdrawal. It includes investment options like stocks, bonds, and money market instruments.
401(k) Plan: Retirement Savings Account
A 401(k) Plan is a retirement savings plan that allows employees to contribute pretax earnings to an individual investment account, which is later taxed upon withdrawal.
90-Day Letter: Formal Notice After an Audit
A comprehensive overview of a 90-Day Letter issued by the IRS after an audit indicating a proposed tax deficiency and the steps a taxpayer must take to contest it.
0x Protocol: Comprehensive Guide to Peer-to-Peer Asset Exchange on Ethereum
Explore the 0x protocol, an open protocol enabling peer-to-peer asset exchanges on the Ethereum blockchain. Understand its mechanisms, goals, and applications in the decentralized finance ecosystem.
1% Rule in Real Estate: Definition, Function, and Real-World Examples
An in-depth guide to the 1% Rule in real estate, exploring its definition, how it works, practical examples, and its importance in assessing investment properties.
Understanding 1%/10 Net 30 Payment Terms in Billing
A comprehensive explanation of the 1%/10 net 30 payment terms, highlighting how businesses and customers can benefit from early payment discounts.
10-Year US Treasury Note: Understanding Its Benefits and Investment Potential
A comprehensive guide to the 10-Year US Treasury Note, detailing its characteristics, investment benefits, historical context, and how it fits into a diversified portfolio.
100% Equities Strategy: Definition, Benefits, and Risks
A comprehensive exploration of a 100% equities strategy, detailing how it works, its benefits, risks, and how it compares to other investment strategies.
What is a 1035 Exchange? Definition, Rules, and How It Works
A comprehensive guide to understanding 1035 exchanges, including the definition, rules, process, and key considerations for tax-free exchanges of annuity contracts, life insurance policies, or endowments.
11th District Cost of Funds Index: Understanding Its Mechanism and Impact
A comprehensive guide to the 11th District Cost of Funds Index (COFI), including its definition, calculation, historical context, applicability, and impact on financial markets in Arizona, California, and Nevada.
12b-1 Fund: Definition, Mechanism, and Implications
Exploring the intricacies of 12b-1 funds, their operational mechanism, and the implications for investors, covering fees, benefits, and potential downsides.
18-Hour Cities: Defining Characteristics, Operation, and Notable Examples
Discover what defines an 18-hour city, how it operates, and explore examples of these emerging urban areas that offer robust job growth, low living costs, and competitive amenities.
1913 Federal Reserve Act: Definition and Significance
An in-depth look at the 1913 Federal Reserve Act, its creation of the Federal Reserve System, and its pivotal role in U.S. monetary policy.
1979 Energy Crisis: Comprehensive Overview of Causes, History, and Impact
A detailed exploration of the 1979 Energy Crisis, triggered by the Iranian Revolution, examining its history, causes, and lasting impacts on global energy policies.
2/28 Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): Detailed Overview and Mechanics
A comprehensive guide to understanding the 2/28 adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM), covering its structure, benefits, drawbacks, and practical applications in real estate finance.
2011 U.S. Debt Ceiling Crisis: Meaning, Causes, and Consequences
A detailed exploration of the 2011 U.S. Debt Ceiling Crisis, including its meaning, causes, and far-reaching consequences on the U.S. economy and global markets.
2023-2024 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates: Income and Filing Status Guide
A comprehensive guide to understanding the 2023-2024 tax brackets and federal income tax rates based on your income and tax filing status. Learn how your earnings and filing criteria impact your tax obligations.
28/36 Rule: Understanding Debt Limits for Credit Applications
A comprehensive guide on the 28/36 rule, which helps individuals and households measure their income against debt to ensure they meet ideal debt limits for credit applications. Learn what it is, how to use it, and see practical examples.
3-2-1 Buydown Mortgage: Meaning, Benefits, Drawbacks, FAQs
A comprehensive guide to understanding a 3-2-1 buydown mortgage, including its meaning, benefits, drawbacks, examples, and frequently asked questions.
3-6-3 Rule: Historical Banking Practices and Industry Simplifications
The 3-6-3 Rule refers to a slang term for the informal banking practices prevalent during the 1950s through the 1970s, characterized by non-competitive and simplistic conditions within the industry.
3(c)(7) Exemption: A Comprehensive Guide to Private Fund Regulatory Relief
An in-depth look at the 3(c)(7) exemption, part of the Investment Company Act of 1940, which allows private funds to bypass certain SEC regulations. Ideal for understanding the nuances and applications of this regulatory relief.

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