Alien: Non-Citizen Resident

An in-depth look at the concept of an 'Alien' as a non-citizen resident, covering definitions, types, examples, historical context, and related terms.

An alien is an individual who resides in a country where they are not a citizen. This term is often used in legal contexts to denote the status of non-citizens and their rights and obligations within a host country.

Types of Aliens

Illegal Alien

An illegal alien is someone who has entered or resides in a country without the legal authorization to do so. This status can arise from crossing borders without proper documentation or remaining in a country beyond the expiration of a visa.

Resident Alien

A resident alien is a non-citizen who has been granted the right to live and, in some cases, work in a country. This status typically requires certain legal processes, such as obtaining a visa or a residence permit.

Historical Context of the Term “Alien”

The term “alien” dates back to the Latin word alienus, meaning “another” or “foreigner.” Throughout history, the concept has been used to distinguish between citizens and non-citizens, often affecting rights such as property ownership, legal protection, and taxation.

Applicability and Examples

Example 1: Immigrant Workers

Many countries host a significant number of non-citizen workers who could be classified as resident aliens. These individuals contribute to the economy but do not possess the same legal status as citizens.

Example 2: Refugees

Refugees fleeing conflict zones may end up in host countries as aliens. Their legal status often requires special humanitarian consideration and international protection.

Special Considerations

Legal Protections

Resident aliens often enjoy certain legal protections under international law, including the right to fair treatment and protection from discrimination.

Taxation

Resident aliens in many jurisdictions are subject to taxation similar to citizens, affecting income, property, and other assets.

Related Terms

• Citizenship: The status of being a legally recognized subject or national of a state, with associated rights and obligations.
• Immigration: The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.
• Visa: An endorsement on a passport indicating that the holder is allowed to enter, leave, or stay for a specified period in a country.
• Naturalization: The legal process by which a non-citizen acquires citizenship or nationality of a country.

FAQs

Q: Can an alien vote in a country's elections?

A: Generally, only citizens have the right to vote in national elections. Some countries allow resident aliens to vote in local elections.

Q: What is the difference between an alien and an immigrant?

A: While both terms refer to individuals in a foreign country, an immigrant typically seeks permanent residence, whereas an alien may or may not seek to stay long-term.

References

1. Immigration and Nationality Act, U.S. Code.
2. United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) guidelines and protections.
3. European Union law on the legal status of non-citizens.

Summary

The term “alien” encompasses a range of non-citizen residents within a country, distinguished by their legal status and rights. Understanding the different categories and implications is essential for grasping the complexities of immigration and residency laws.