CONUS stands for the “Contiguous United States,” which includes the 48 adjoining U.S. states plus the District of Columbia. The term is frequently used in government and military contexts, particularly regarding federal travel regulations and per diem rates.
Federal Per Diem Rates
When traveling for government or military purposes within CONUS, federal employees are entitled to per diem rates that cover lodging, meals, and incidental expenses. The federal per diem rate for a given locality is a combined maximum rate that includes both the maximum lodging amount and the meals and incidental expenses (M&IE) rate for that locality.
Maximum Lodging Amounts
- The federal government sets distinct lodging rates for various locations within CONUS, reflecting the cost of accommodation in those areas.
- These rates are regularly reviewed and adjusted to ensure they remain appropriate for current market conditions.
Meals and Incidental Expenses (M&IE)
- The M&IE rate is a standard amount provided for daily meal and incidental expenses incurred during official travel.
- This rate varies depending on the locality and is determined annually.
Related Term: High-Low Method
The High-Low Method is another way to determine per diem rates, providing a simplified approach to calculating expenses. It distinguishes between high-cost and low-cost areas within CONUS and assigns two general rates accordingly, minimizing the need for detailed calculations at every specific location.
OCONUS
In contrast to CONUS, OCONUS refers to “Outside the Contiguous United States,” including locations like Alaska, Hawaii, and U.S. territories. Different per diem rates and travel guidelines apply for OCONUS locations.
Special Considerations
When budgeting for travel within CONUS:
- Be aware of specific lodging rates for your destination.
- Factor in the M&IE rates to estimate total daily expenses accurately.
- Note that per diem rates can change annually; always refer to the latest federal guidelines.
Examples
-
Business Trip to New York City
- Maximum Lodging Amount: $295 per night
- M&IE Rate: $76 per day
- Total Per Diem Rate: $371 per day
-
Training in Denver, Colorado
- Maximum Lodging Amount: $179 per night
- M&IE Rate: $66 per day
- Total Per Diem Rate: $245 per day
Historical Context
The concept of CONUS has been integral to the U.S. federal administrative apparatus since the early 20th century. Initially emerging from military logistics needs, it has since expanded into civilian government regulations, especially through travel policies.
Applicability
CONUS is applicable primarily in:
- Federal and military travel planning
- Budgeting and reimbursement procedures
- Government documentation and reporting
Comparisons and Related Terms
- CONUS vs. OCONUS: Defined based on geographic boundaries affecting travel policies and rates.
- High-Low Method: Simplifies per diem calculations within CONUS by dividing areas into high and low-cost regions.
FAQs
What does CONUS stand for?
How are per diem rates determined for CONUS?
What is the High-Low Method?
References
- U.S. General Services Administration (GSA): Per Diem Rates
- Federal Travel Regulation (FTR)
- Department of Defense (DoD) Travel Regulations
Summary
CONUS, or the Contiguous United States, plays a crucial role in federal travel regulations, affecting per diem rates for lodging, meals, and incidental expenses. Understanding CONUS is essential for federal and military personnel to plan and budget their travel efficiently.
