EAN: European Article Number

The European Article Number, also known as EAN, is an international barcode standard that is commonly used for product identification. It typically includes up to 13 digits.

The European Article Number (EAN) is an international standard for barcodes used to uniquely identify products. The EAN system was introduced to provide a standardized way to track and manage products globally.

Structure and Format

EAN-13

The most common type of EAN is the EAN-13, which consists of 13 digits:

• Country Code: The first 2 or 3 digits indicate the country in which the manufacturer is registered.
• Manufacturer Code: The next set of digits (up to 7) identifies the specific manufacturer.
• Product Code: The subsequent digits (up to 5) are specific to the product.
• Check Digit: The final digit is a calculated check digit used for error detection.

EAN-8

For smaller packages, the EAN-8 format is used, which comprises 8 digits:

• Country Code: The first 2 or 3 digits.
• Manufacturer Code: Next set of digits.
• Product Code: Following digits.
• Check Digit: Final digit.

Comparison with UPC

The EAN system is often compared to the Universal Product Code (UPC), which is primarily used in North America. While UPC codes are typically 12 digits long, EAN codes can be up to 13 digits, allowing for greater versatility in identifying products:

• UPC-A: Similar to EAN-13 but uses 12 digits.
• UPC-E: Similar to EAN-8 but uses 8 digits.

Applicability and Usage

International Trade

EAN is widely used in retail and inventory management worldwide. It provides a streamlined approach to track and manage product information, aiding both manufacturers and retailers in logistics, sales, and data analytics.

Historical Context

The EAN system was developed in the late 20th century as globalization led to an increased need for standardized product identification. The adoption of EAN by various countries facilitated smoother international trade and commerce.

FAQs

What is the primary purpose of EAN?

The primary purpose of EAN is to provide a unique barcode that can be used internationally to identify products for retail and inventory management.

Is EAN used only in Europe?

Though it originated in Europe, EAN is now used internationally and is essential for global trade.

Can a product have both EAN and UPC codes?

Yes, products can have both EAN and UPC codes to cater to different markets, especially when a product is sold both in North America and internationally.

Related Terms

• GTIN: Global Trade Item Number - an umbrella term that includes EAN, UPC, and other product identifiers.
• Retail Barcode: General term for barcodes used in retail.
• SKU: Stock Keeping Unit - a retailer’s internal tracking number.

Summary

The European Article Number (EAN) is a globally recognized barcode standard essential for product identification in international trade. Available primarily in EAN-13 and EAN-8 formats, it facilitates seamless logistics, inventory management, and sales processes. Compared to the UPC system, EAN’s extended digit count allows for a wider range of product identification, contributing to its widespread use.

References

• GS1 - The global standard for barcodes
• ISO/IEC 15420 - International standard for barcode formats
• Historical adoption of barcodes in retail industries

In conclusion, EAN has become integral to modern commerce, reflecting its evolution from a European-based system to a crucial component of global trade and logistics.