Exurban areas, often referred to as exurbia, are distinct regions situated beyond the suburban fringes of a city where population density is low, urban development is sparse, and large tracts of undeveloped land are common. These areas represent a transitional zone between the urbanized centers and rural landscapes.
Characteristics of Exurban Areas
1. Low Population Density
Exurban areas are characterized by a low population density, typically lower than that of suburban and urban areas.
2. Limited Urban Development
These regions exhibit minimal urban development, often having scattered housing units, small commercial zones, and limited public infrastructure.
3. Open Spaces
Significant portions of exurban areas comprise open spaces such as forests, farmlands, and natural landscapes.
Historical Context of Exurban Development
The concept of exurban areas emerged in the mid-20th century as urban sprawl extended further from city centers. Owing to increased automobile dependency and the desire for larger plots of land, many people moved from densely packed urban centers to more open exurban locales.
Post-World War II Growth
Post-World War II saw substantial growth in exurban areas as veterans returned and suburban living became more desirable. This period marked the beginning of significant urban to suburban migration, which gradually extended into more remote exurban zones.
Comparisons to Other Types of Areas
Urban vs. Exurban
- High population density
- Extensive infrastructure
- High level of commercial activity
- Low population density
- Limited infrastructure
- Minimal commercial activity
Suburban vs. Exurban
- Moderate population density
- Well-developed infrastructure
- Residential neighborhoods
- Lower population density
- Limited development
- More rural nature
Applicability of Exurban Areas
Residential Appeal
Exurban areas appeal to individuals seeking a quieter, less congested lifestyle while still maintaining reasonable access to urban amenities. They often attract affluent individuals desiring larger homes and more land.
Environmental Considerations
Exurban areas present unique environmental challenges and opportunities. The presence of extensive natural landscapes can offer ecological benefits, but unchecked development could threaten these environments.
Common FAQs
Q1: What motivates people to move to exurban areas?
A: Many people move to exurban areas for larger living spaces, natural surroundings, and a quieter lifestyle compared to urban and suburban settings.
Q2: Are exurban areas considered rural?
A: While exurban areas share characteristics with rural areas, they are typically considered a distinct zone due to their proximity to urban and suburban regions.
Q3: How does infrastructure in exurban areas compare to suburban areas?
A: Exurban areas generally have less developed infrastructure, with fewer roads, public services, and commercial establishments compared to suburban areas.
Related Terms
Urban Sprawl: The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the countryside.
Greenbelt: A policy and land use designation used to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding urban areas.
Suburbia: Residential areas situated within commuting distance of a city, characterized by moderate to high density and extensive infrastructure.
References
- Bruegmann, R. (2005). Sprawl: A Compact History. University of Chicago Press.
- Jackson, K. T. (1985). Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. Oxford University Press.
Summary
Exurban areas, located beyond the suburban fringes of cities, are defined by low population density, limited urban development, and significant open spaces. They play a crucial role in the continuous expansion and evolution of human settlements from urban cores to rural peripheries. Understanding the distinction, characteristics, and growth patterns of exurban areas provides valuable insights for urban planners, environmentalists, and policymakers as they navigate the challenges and opportunities of spatial development.
