What is Frank?
In postal terminology, “Frank” refers to the authorization granted to certain individuals or entities that allows them to send mail without the need for affixing postage stamps. This practice, known as “franking,” serves a similar role to a postmark in verifying that the mailing has been authorized. Franks are typically used by government officials, military personnel, and other authorized persons to facilitate communication without incurring postal costs.
Historical Context
The concept of franking dates back to the 17th century, where it was initially used as a cost-saving measure for government officials. It allowed certain privileged classes to receive and send postal items free of charge, ensuring official correspondence could travel unfettered by the burden of postal fees. Over time, the privilege of franking was extended to various government entities, military personnel, and certain non-governmental organizations.
Types of Franking
Official Franking
Official franking is granted to government officials, enabling them to send mail related to their official duties without postage. This includes members of congress, government departments, and military personnel.
Personal Franking
In rare instances, personal franking privileges may be granted to individuals for personal use, especially if they have significantly contributed to public service.
Special Considerations
Verification and Security
While a franked item is not postmarked, it is still subject to verification to ensure it meets authorized use. Postal services often have specific protocols for verifying the legitimacy of franking authorizations.
Limitations and Misuse
There are strict regulations governing the use of franking privileges. Unauthorized use or misuse can result in penalties or revocation of franking rights.
Examples of Franking
Government Correspondence
A member of congress may send a letter to a constituent without affixing a postage stamp, with the envelope bearing a printed or handwritten authorization known as a “frank.”
Military Mail
A soldier may send mail from an active duty location to their home without needing to pay for postage, thanks to the franking privilege granted to military personnel.
Applicability
Modern Use
While the prevalence of digital communication has reduced the volume of traditional mail, franking privileges remain an important tool for government and military communication.
Comparisons and Related Terms
Postmark
A postmark is a postal marking made on a letter, package, or postcard indicating the date and place of mailing. Unlike franking, a postmark serves as proof that postage has been paid.
Freepost
Freepost is a service provided by postal services where the recipient pays for postage rather than the sender, which is somewhat analogous to franking but different in function and application.
FAQs
What is the difference between a frank and a postmark?
Can everyone use franking privileges?
Is franking still used today?
References
- U.S. Postal Service: Franking Privilege
- Historical Context of Franking
- Military Postal System and Franking
Summary
The term “Frank” in postal services refers to the authorization granted to certain individuals to send mail without affixing postage. Originating from the 17th century, franking has played a crucial role in government and military communication. Despite the advent of digital communication, franking remains an essential practice in modern postal operations, enforced with strict regulations to prevent misuse.
