“Full Faith and Credit” is a phrase denoting the full taxing and borrowing authority, along with non-tax revenue, pledged by a government entity for the payment of interest and the repayment of the principal of a bond. This assurance signifies the strong commitment of the government to honor its debt obligations, providing a high level of security for bondholders. U.S. government securities and general obligation bonds of state and local governments are frequently backed by this guarantee.
Key Components of Full Faith and Credit
Taxing Power
The government’s ability to levy taxes is a fundamental aspect of its financial strength. This capacity allows it to generate the necessary revenue to meet its debt obligations.
Borrowing Authority
The legal right of a government entity to incur debt and issue bonds adds another dimension to its financial capability. It ensures that the government can raise funds when immediate revenue is insufficient.
Non-Tax Revenue
Aside from taxes, governments have various sources of revenue such as fees, fines, and profits from state-owned enterprises. These additional income streams contribute to their ability to fulfill debt commitments.
Examples of Full Faith and Credit
U.S. Government Securities: These include Treasury bonds, notes, and bills. They are considered some of the safest investments due to the unwavering confidence in the U.S. government’s ability to meet its financial obligations.
State and Local Government Bonds: General obligation bonds issued by states and local governments also carry the “full faith and credit” of the issuing entity, making them secure investments.
Historical Context
The concept of full faith and credit has a long history, deeply rooted in the confidence that governments can gather sufficient resources to honor their debt obligations. Over time, this pledge has become a fundamental principle in public finance, ensuring that government-issued bonds are trusted financial instruments.
Comparisons
General Obligation Bonds vs. Revenue Bonds
General Obligation Bonds: These are backed by the full faith and credit of the issuing authority, meaning they are supported by that entity’s taxing power and general revenue.
Revenue Bonds: In contrast, these bonds are repaid from the specific revenues generated by the project they finance, such as toll roads or utilities, and do not carry the full faith and credit pledge.
Related Terms
- Sovereign Debt: Debt issued by a national government, typically secured by the country’s overall tax and revenue-generating capability.
- Municipal Bonds: Bonds issued by local governments or their agencies, often carrying the full faith and credit of the issuing body.
- Creditworthiness: A measure of the ability of a borrower, such as a government, to honor its financial obligations, often assessed through credit ratings.
FAQs
What makes full faith and credit bonds safer than other types of bonds?
Can a government entity default on a full faith and credit bond?
How do credit rating agencies assess full faith and credit bonds?
References
- “Investopedia: Government Bond.” Investopedia, www.investopedia.com/terms/g/government-bond.asp.
- “Municipal Bonds: Full Faith and Credit.” Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB), www.msrb.org.
- “Understanding Sovereign Debt.” World Bank Group, www.worldbank.org.
Summary
The term “Full Faith and Credit” embodies a government’s absolute commitment to meet its debt obligations through its taxing power and general revenue. This assurance underpins the trustworthiness and security of government-issued bonds, ensuring that investors can rely on the full financial backing of the issuing authority.
By understanding the components, examples, and historical context of full faith and credit, along with the associated risks and benefits, stakeholders can make informed decisions about investing in these financial instruments.
