The Gross Ton, also known as a Long Ton in some contexts, is a unit of weight widely used in the United Kingdom and its historical spheres of influence. It is equivalent to 2,240 pounds in the Avoirdupois system, which is a system of weights based on a pound consisting of 16 ounces.
Historical Context
The Avoirdupois system, from the French “avoir de pois” meaning “goods of weight” or “property by weight,” was first commonly used in the 13th century for measuring various items. The Gross Ton specifically became significant in the realms of shipping, freight, and other heavy industries, distinguishing itself from the short ton (2,000 pounds) used in the United States.
Calculation and Formula
The conversion from Gross Ton to other units of weight can be represented by:
Applications
Shipping and Freight
In international shipping and freight, the Gross Ton is crucial for cargo weight calculations, helping standardize capacities and logistical planning:
- Naval Architecture: Determines ship displacement.
- Freight Transport: Assists in calculating shipping costs, load capacities, and port tariffs.
Heavy Industries
The Gross Ton is used in industries that require precise weight measurement for heavy materials, such as:
- Mining and Quarrying: For weighing extracted minerals.
- Construction: When calculating large material quantities.
Comparisons with Related Units
Short Ton
Used primarily in the United States, the Short Ton equals 2,000 pounds (907.18 kg):
Metric Ton
Internationally recognized, the Metric Ton (or tonne) is equivalent to 1,000 kilograms:
FAQs
Q: How is a Gross Ton different from a Net Ton? A: A Gross Ton (2,240 pounds) includes all material weight, while a Net Ton (2,000 pounds) often excludes packaging or any additional weight.
Q: Why is the Gross Ton still used today? A: It remains in use due to historical precedence and its entrenched role in specific industries like shipping and mining.
Q: How do I convert Gross Tons to Kilograms? A: Multiply the number of Gross Tons by 1,016.05.
References
- “Avoirdupois system.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2021.
- “Long Ton | weight measurement.” The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- Maritime Cargo Practices, 4th Edition.
Summary
The Gross Ton, or Long Ton, is a venerable unit of weight measurement integral to industries requiring substantial weight precision like shipping and heavy industry. Understanding its conversion and historical context allows its continued relevance in global trade practices. Comparing it with the Short Ton and Metric Ton highlights its specific utility and situates it within the broader context of weight measurement systems.
