What Is Landrum-Griffin Act?

The Landrum-Griffin Act, also known as the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, was implemented to eradicate corruption within labor unions and safeguard union members' rights. It includes a 'bill of rights' for union members, stipulates procedures for union elections, and outlines legal recourse against unions, among other regulations.

The Landrum-Griffin Act, officially known as the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) of 1959, was enacted to eliminate corruption within labor unions and protect the rights of union members. The legislation was spearheaded by Senator John L. McClellan and Representative Phil M. Landrum, along with Griffin Bell, who served as U.S. Attorney General. This statute signifies a crucial effort to ensure integrity, democracy, and fairness in union operations.

Key Provisions of the Landrum-Griffin Act

Union Member Rights

The Act institutes a “bill of rights” guaranteeing various protections for union members, such as:

• Freedom of Speech and Assembly: Union members have the right to express their views freely, assemble, and participate in union meetings.
• Due Process in Union Discipline: Members can only be disciplined through fair procedures, ensuring due process.
• Control of Dues: Members can exercise greater control over the dues and initiation fees they are required to pay.

Union Elections

The Act mandates specific procedures to ensure transparent and democratic elections within unions, including:

• Secret Ballots: Union elections must be conducted by secret ballot to prevent undue influence or intimidation.
• Regular Elections: Elections for union officials must be held at regular intervals, with norms for notice and the nomination of candidates.
• Mandatory Reporting: Unions must file detailed reports on their election processes and outcomes with the Department of Labor.

Collective Bargaining Rights

Union members have the right to obtain a copy of any collective bargaining agreement that affects their wages, hours, and other employment terms.

Prohibition of Undesirable Practices

The Act prohibits several unfair labor practices, such as:

• Hot Cargo Clauses: Agreements that restrict the handling of goods from non-union or strike-affected businesses are forbidden.
• Secondary Boycotts and Jurisdictional Strikes: Picketing to coerce employers to stop doing business with other firms, or to influence work allocation disputes, is restricted.

Historical Context

Background

The post-WWII era saw rapid expansion in union membership and influence, which sometimes led to internal corruption and undemocratic practices within unions. Reports of embezzlement, racketeering, and undemocratic electoral processes prompted legislative action to ensure that unions operated with integrity and served their members effectively.

Legislative Evolution

The Landrum-Griffin Act was a follow-up to earlier labor laws such as the Wagner Act of 1935 and the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947. Unlike its predecessors, the Landrum-Griffin Act focuses specifically on internal union affairs, addressing the conduct and governance of unions themselves rather than merely regulating labor-management relations.

Applicability and Impact

The Landrum-Griffin Act’s rigorous requirements for transparency and accountability have significantly reduced corruption and abuse within unions. By establishing democratic principles and fair play rules, the Act empowers union members and enhances the efficacy of labor representation.

Related Terms

• Collective Bargaining: The process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working salaries, working conditions, benefits, and other aspects of workers’ compensation and rights.
• Hot Cargo Clause: A provision in a union contract that prohibits an employer from handling or dealing with goods produced by another company that is engaged in a labor dispute.
• Secondary Boycott: A union’s refusal to handle goods from, or to cooperate with, companies that are doing business with a company that is engaged in a labor dispute.

FAQs

What does the Landrum-Griffin Act ensure for union members?

The Act provides union members with rights including freedom of speech and assembly within unions, protection against unfair discipline, control over dues, participation in fair elections, and access to collective bargaining agreements.

How does the Act combat union corruption?

By mandating democratic practices, financial transparency, and strict reporting requirements, the Act helps avert embezzlement, racketeering, and undemocratic practices within unions.

How does the Department of Labor enforce the Landrum-Griffin Act?

The Department of Labor’s Office of Labor-Management Standards (OLMS) monitors compliance through audits, investigations, and by reviewing required disclosures and reports filed by unions.

References

• United States Department of Labor. “Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA)”. Department of Labor
• Encyclopedia Britannica. “Landrum-Griffin Act” Encyclopedia Britannica
• U.S. Legal. “Landrum-Griffin Act Law and Legal Definition” Uslegal

Summary

The Landrum-Griffin Act was a seminal legislative measure purposed to instill good governance within labor unions. Featuring a member’s “bill of rights,” election protocols, and prohibitions on corrupt practices, the Act has profoundly transformed union operations by fostering transparency, democracy, and member protection.