Metes and bounds is a land description system used to delineate the boundaries of a parcel of land. This system relies on natural landmarks and man-made structures as points of reference, as well as distances and angles to define property lines precisely.
Detailed Explanation
Origins of Metes and Bounds
The metes and bounds system has historical roots stretching back centuries, especially prominent in England and later adapted in several U.S. states. Its use is prevalent in older regions of the United States, where natural landmarks and historical markers were often utilized.
Components of Metes and Bounds
Metes
- Definition: ‘Metes’ refers to the precise measurements of distances and angles between points that define the property lines.
- Unit of Measurement: Common units include feet, yards, and rods.
- Example: “North 70 degrees East, 200 feet”.
Bounds
- Definition: ‘Bounds’ describes the boundary lines between landmarks or corner points.
- Landmarks: These could be rivers, trees, roads, or man-made objects like buildings.
- Example: “Along the old oak tree to the edge of the creek”.
How it Works
A typical metes and bounds description might read: “Beginning at the large oak tree at the corner of the property, then proceeding North 45 degrees East for 300 feet to a boulder, then South 30 degrees West for 200 feet to the center of a creek, and then back to the beginning point along the creek.”
Special Considerations
- Accuracy: Precision is crucial, as natural landmarks can change over time.
- Legal Disputes: Property boundaries defined by metes and bounds can sometimes be challenged due to shifting landmarks or ambiguous descriptions.
- Surveying Expertise: Professional surveyors are often required to interpret and create metes and bounds descriptions.
Illustrative Example
Consider a property described as follows:
- “Beginning at the intersection of Pine Street and Maple Avenue, thence running North 75 degrees East, 150 feet to a large boulder, thence running South 15 degrees East, 200 feet to the old oak tree, thence running South 75 degrees West, 150 feet to the corner of Pine Street, thence running along Pine Street, North 15 degrees West, 200 feet back to the point of beginning.”
This description outlines a specific parcel of land by referencing fixed points and exact measurements.
Comparison to Other Systems
Rectangular (Public Land Survey) System
- Method: Uses a grid to divide land into squares or rectangles.
- Usage: Common in newer U.S. states and western territories.
- Difference: Unlike metes and bounds, which depends on natural and historical landmarks, this system relies on a standardized grid, minimizing ambiguities.
Lot and Block System
- Method: Describes land by referencing a large subdivision map.
- Usage: Common in urban and suburban developments.
- Difference: Defined by predefined plots in a recorded plat map, simplifying land transactions.
Related Terms
- Benchmark: A permanent reference point used in surveying.
- Surveying: The technique of measuring and mapping land.
- Deed: A legal document that outlines property ownership and boundaries.
- Plat Map: A map showing subdivisions of land.
FAQs
What is the primary advantage of the metes and bounds system?
The primary advantage is its ability to adapt to irregularly shaped parcels of land by using precise measurements and natural landmarks.
Can metes and bounds descriptions change over time?
Yes, natural changes or disturbances can alter physical landmarks, potentially leading to disputes or the need for resurveying.
Who typically uses metes and bounds descriptions?
Real estate professionals, land surveyors, and legal professionals utilize metes and bounds descriptions when dealing with property transactions, assessments, and disputes.
References
- National Society of Professional Surveyors. “History of Surveying.” Link
- Encyclopedia of American Land Law. “Land Measurement Systems.” Link
Summary
Metes and bounds is a historic and widely-used method for defining property boundaries, particularly in regions where natural landmarks are prominent. Despite its exactitude and adaptability, the system can be subject to disputes over time due to changes in the physical landscape. Understanding the intricacies of metes and bounds is essential for professionals in real estate, law, and land surveying.
