Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) is a pre-determined motion time system used to standardize the time required to complete tasks by analyzing the time taken to accomplish repetitive tasks. By breaking down work into basic motions associated with specific time values, MTM helps determine the average production time interval necessary for task completions. This system is crucial in the scientific management school, also known as the efficiency management approach, aiming for work standardization and productivity enhancement.
The Scientific Management Approach
MTM is part of the broader scientific management theory developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This approach strives to optimize labor productivity by scientifically identifying the most efficient ways to perform tasks.
Key Principles
- Standardization: Establishing a single best way to perform each task.
- Efficiency: Reducing unnecessary motions to minimize effort and time.
- Productivity: Increasing output by optimizing worker movements and methods.
Components of MTM
Basic Motions
MTM involves categorizing tasks into a series of fundamental motions, such as:
- Reach (R)
- Move (M)
- Turn (T)
- Grasp (G)
Each motion is assigned a specific time value based on the nature of the task and the conditions under which it is performed. The cumulative time for these motions determines the time standard.
Time Measurement Units
The time units in MTM are often expressed in TMUs (Time Measurement Units), where:
Types of MTM Systems
MTM-1
MTM-1 is the most detailed and accurate version, providing descriptions of fundamental motions and their corresponding times.
MTM-2 and MTM-3
These are simplified versions of MTM-1 designed for practicality. They use broader categories of operations and are less detailed but quicker to apply in real-world settings.
MTM-V
MTM for visual tasks, focusing on the measurements for inspection and control tasks where visual accuracy is crucial.
Application and Examples
MTM is applied across industries where task optimization is critical, such as:
- Manufacturing: Streamlining assembly line tasks
- Healthcare: Standardizing patient-handling procedures
- Retail: Optimizing stocking and checkout times
Example Calculation
For instance, consider a task involving reaching for an object, grasping it, and moving it to another location:
- Reach (R): 10 TMUs
- Grasp (G): 5 TMUs
- Move (M): 15 TMUs
Total time = \(10 + 5 + 15 = 30 TMUs\)
Conversion to seconds = \(30 \times 0.036 = 1.08\) seconds
Historical Context and Evolution
MTM was developed in the 1940s by H. B. Maynard, J. L. Schwab, and G. J. Stegemerten. Its roots in scientific management reflect the continued emphasis on labor efficiency and productivity enhancements in industrial settings.
Special Considerations
- Ergonomics: Ensuring the movements are not just efficient but also minimize worker fatigue and injury.
- Training: Workers need to be adequately trained to perform standardized tasks correctly.
Related Terms
- Time and Motion Study: A broader term encompassing various techniques, including MTM, for studying work efficiency.
- Work Sampling: A statistical method for analyzing work performed over random time intervals to determine the proportion of time spent on various activities.
FAQs
What is the main benefit of using MTM?
Is MTM applicable in modern industries?
How does MTM relate to ergonomics?
Summary
Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) remains a cornerstone in the domain of scientific management, providing a robust framework for enhancing work standardization, efficiency, and productivity. By breaking down tasks into basic motions and assigning precise time values, MTM helps industries achieve optimal task performance while ensuring ergonomic considerations.
References
- Maynard, H.B., Stegemerten, G.J., & Schwab, J.L. (1948). “Methods-Time Measurement.” McGraw-Hill.
- Kanawaty, G. (1992). “Introduction to Work Study.” International Labour Office.
This comprehensive coverage of MTM highlights its pivotal role in optimizing modern-day industrial processes, rooted in the principles of scientific management.
