Chemical Properties
Platinum, with the chemical symbol Pt and atomic number 78, is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silver-white transition metal. Its properties include:
- Atomic Weight: 195.084 u
- Density: 21.45 g/cm³
- Melting Point: 1,768.3 °C (3,214.94 °F)
- Boiling Point: 3,825 °C (6,917 °F)
- Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹
Historical Context
Platinum was first discovered by pre-Columbian South American natives who used it for jewelry. It was introduced to European scientists in the 18th century. Its rarity has made it a precious commodity throughout history.
Industrial and Commercial Applications
Jewelry
Platinum’s resistance to tarnish and its shiny, attractive appearance make it ideal for high-end jewelry.
Electronics
In electronics, platinum is used in electrical contacts and electrodes, owing to its excellent conductivity and durability.
Automobiles
One of the significant uses of platinum is in catalytic converters in automobiles to reduce harmful emissions.
Other Uses
Platinum is also employed in medical equipment, laboratory instruments, and various types of industrial equipment due to its stability and non-corrosive nature.
Economic Significance
Commodity Trading
Platinum is traded on various commodity markets and its value can fluctuate based on supply, demand, and geopolitical stability.
Investment
Platinum, like gold and silver, is often invested in as a hedge against inflation and economic downturns.
Comparisons and Related Terms
- Gold (Au): Another precious metal, primarily used in jewelry and as a financial asset.
- Palladium (Pd): Similar to platinum, used in electronics and catalytic converters.
- Rhodium (Rh): Extremely rare precious metal, primarily used in catalytic converters.
FAQs
Why is platinum more expensive than gold?
Can platinum tarnish over time?
Is platinum hypoallergenic?
References
- “Platinum.” Encyclopedia Britannica.
- “The History of Platinum.” The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Johnson Matthey, “Platinum 2021: Special Report.”
Summary
Platinum is a precious metal characterized by its rarity, durability, and wide range of applications from jewelry to industrial uses. Its importance in modern technology and as an economic commodity underscores its value in today’s world.
