PostScript (PS) is a page description language (PDL) developed by Adobe Systems in 1982. It is used extensively in the electronic and desktop publishing industries to describe the appearance of text, images, and graphical elements on printed pages. Unlike other graphic files, a PostScript file is a program that tells a printer how to print text and graphics.
Historical Context
PostScript was created at a time when the publishing industry needed a standardized way to handle complex documents. The language’s introduction revolutionized desktop publishing by allowing for high-quality text and graphics to be printed in a device-independent manner.
Key Events:
- 1982: Adobe Systems, co-founded by John Warnock and Charles Geschke, releases the first version of PostScript.
- 1985: The Apple LaserWriter, one of the first printers to incorporate PostScript, is launched.
- 1991: Introduction of PostScript Level 2, which includes support for color printing and improved performance.
- 1997: Release of PostScript 3, featuring enhanced imaging model and faster processing speeds.
Types/Categories
PostScript has evolved through several versions:
- PostScript Level 1: The original version providing basic text and graphics capabilities.
- PostScript Level 2: Introduced improvements like color management and better memory handling.
- PostScript 3: Features enhanced color management, native font support, and more efficient processing.
Detailed Explanation
PostScript operates by describing the page layout in a programming language syntax. It can precisely control the placement of text and images and handle complex graphical instructions.
How PostScript Works
PostScript uses a stack-based programming language and includes commands for drawing shapes, lines, and text. It handles:
- Vector Graphics: Using mathematical expressions to represent images.
- Raster Graphics: Using pixel-based descriptions for images.
Here is a basic PostScript code example:
1%!
2/Courier findfont
320 scalefont
4setfont
5100 600 moveto
6(Hello, PostScript!) show
7showpage
Importance and Applicability
PostScript plays a crucial role in:
- Desktop Publishing: Enabling precise control over layout and design.
- Printing: Providing a device-independent description of printed materials.
- Graphic Design: Allowing the creation of high-quality vector graphics.
Considerations
While powerful, PostScript can be complex to debug and requires a thorough understanding of its syntax and functionality. Newer technologies like PDF have started to replace it in some areas due to their greater ease of use and additional features.
Related Terms
- PDF (Portable Document Format): A file format developed by Adobe that encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout document.
- PDL (Page Description Language): A language that describes the appearance of a printed page in a higher-level form than an actual output bitmap.
- Raster Graphics: Images represented by a grid of individual pixels.
- Vector Graphics: Images represented by mathematical descriptions of shapes and paths.
Comparisons
PostScript vs PDF
- PostScript: Primarily used for printing; interpreted every time it’s used.
- PDF: More versatile, widely used for both viewing and printing; usually pre-rendered for quick viewing.
Interesting Facts
- The initial version of PostScript was inspired by John Warnock’s work on a graphics technology called “Interpress” at Xerox PARC.
- PostScript commands are similar to those in the Forth programming language, emphasizing a stack-based architecture.
Inspirational Stories
The development of PostScript by Adobe Systems allowed small publishers and graphic designers to produce high-quality printed materials, leveling the playing field in the publishing industry.
Famous Quotes
“The ‘idea’ behind PostScript is to provide a very simple, universally acceptable standard format for defining printed documents that looks the same on every printer.” – John Warnock, Co-founder of Adobe Systems.
Proverbs and Clichés
- “The pen is mightier than the sword.”
- “A picture is worth a thousand words.”
Expressions, Jargon, and Slang
- RIP (Raster Image Processor): Converts PostScript files into bitmap images for printing.
- PS: Shorthand for PostScript.
FAQs
What is PostScript used for?
PostScript is primarily used for printing and desktop publishing, enabling precise control over the layout and design of printed documents.
How does PostScript differ from PDF?
While both are used to describe documents, PostScript is more oriented toward printing processes, whereas PDF is used for both viewing and printing, with additional features for interactivity and document management.
Is PostScript still used today?
Yes, PostScript is still widely used in professional printing and publishing, although PDF has become more prevalent for document sharing and electronic viewing.
References
- Adobe Systems Incorporated. “PostScript Language Reference Manual.” Adobe Press, 1999.
- John Warnock, Charles Geschke. “The Early History of Adobe PostScript.” IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 2000.
Summary
PostScript (PS) is a powerful page description language developed by Adobe Systems, integral to the desktop publishing revolution. Its precise control over text and graphics layout has made it a staple in the printing industry. While newer technologies like PDF have broadened the scope of document handling, PostScript remains essential for high-quality printing tasks. Understanding its functionalities and historical significance provides insights into the evolution of publishing and graphic design technologies.
graph TD
A[PostScript (PS)] --> B[Desktop Publishing]
A --> C[High-Quality Printing]
A --> D[Vector Graphics]
A --> E[Raster Graphics]
C --> F[PostScript Printers]
