Process Division is a management method used in manufacturing organizations. It involves dividing the entire production process into multiple organizational segments. Each segment handles a specific part of the production process. This method is aimed at enhancing productivity, efficiency, and oversight.
For example, in an automobile factory, the production process can be divided into segments such as engine block casting, engine assembly, and engine testing.
Benefits of Process Division
Enhanced Efficiency
Segmenting processes allows each section to specialize in a particular set of tasks. This specialization can lead to increased efficiency as workers and machinery can become extremely proficient in a narrower scope of activities.
Improved Quality Control
Dividing processes into segments makes it easier to monitor for quality control. Inspectors can focus on smaller areas of the production process, ensuring higher quality standards and reducing the risk of defects.
Better Resource Allocation
Process division allows managers to allocate resources more effectively. They can identify which segments require more attention, whether it’s in terms of manpower, machinery, or materials.
Simplified Training
Training becomes simpler when workers need to learn specific tasks within a segment. This focused training can reduce the time needed for workers to become proficient.
Types of Process Division
Horizontal Division
Processes are divided horizontally into different stages at the same level of the production hierarchy. Each stage is independent but aligned to complete the product.
Vertical Division
The vertical division involves segmenting processes up and down the hierarchy—typically from raw materials procurement to final product distribution. Each hierarchical level handles its segment of the process.
Considerations in Implementing Process Division
Scalability
A company should ensure that the division of processes is scalable to accommodate future growth or variations in production volume.
Inter-Segment Coordination
Effective communication and coordination among different segments are crucial. A breakdown in coordination can lead to bottlenecks or errors.
Technological Integration
Technological tools such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems can be employed to facilitate the smooth functioning of segmented processes.
Historical Context
The concept of process division has evolved alongside industrialization. The assembly line, popularized by Henry Ford in the early 20th century, is one of the earliest and most famous examples of effective process division. This method revolutionized manufacturing by drastically reducing production times and costs.
Applications
Automobile Manufacturing
As illustrated, automobile factories often use process division to manage the complex procedures involved in car production. Different segments handle tasks such as casting engine blocks, assembling engines, and conducting engine tests.
Electronics Manufacturing
In electronics manufacturing, processes might be divided into circuit board design, component assembly, testing, and packaging.
Food Processing
Food manufacturing can be segmented into processes like ingredient preparation, cooking, packaging, and quality control.
Comparisons to Related Terms
- Task Specialization: While task specialization focuses on individual worker skills, process division organizes the manufacturing process itself into segments.
- Assembly Line: This is a type of process division but is more linear and sequential.
FAQs
What industries benefit most from process division?
How is process division different from task specialization?
Can small businesses use process division?
References
- “Principles of Operations Management” by Jay Heizer and Barry Render.
- “The Machine That Changed the World” by James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos.
- Articles on modern manufacturing techniques from industry journals.
Summary
Process Division is a highly effective management method for optimizing manufacturing procedures. By segmenting production processes into specialized sections, manufacturers can enhance efficiency, improve quality control, and better allocate resources. While it originated from early industrial practices, modern implementations incorporate advanced technology to further refine the system.
Implementing process division successfully requires careful planning, coordination, and scalability considerations. Its applications span various industries, making it a versatile and enduring strategy in manufacturing management.
By ensuring a detailed approach towards each segmented process, organizations can not only increase productivity but also achieve higher standards in product quality and operational efficiency.
