Process Mapping is a technique used to visually represent the steps and sequences involved in a particular workflow or process. The primary aim is to provide a detailed layout of how tasks are performed and how they interconnect, which helps in analyzing and improving efficiency.
Definition
Process Mapping is a graphical representation of a process’s steps and relationships, intended to offer a clear picture of how operations are executed and how different tasks are interconnected. It often involves the use of flowcharts, diagrams, and other visual tools to map out the entire workflow.
Types of Process Mapping
Flowchart
A flowchart uses standardized symbols to depict the sequence of steps in a process. Each symbol represents a different type of action or decision, making it easy to understand the flow and dependencies.
Value Stream Mapping (VSM)
VSM focuses on identifying and visualizing the value-added and non-value-added steps within a process. It is heavily used in lean manufacturing to identify waste and improve process efficiency.
SIPOC (Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers)
SIPOC diagrams offer a high-level view of a process by identifying key components such as suppliers, inputs, process steps, outputs, and customers. It is often used during the initial stages of process improvement projects.
Swimlane Diagram
Swimlane diagrams divide the process steps into categories based on different stakeholders or departments involved. This type of mapping helps in clarifying roles and responsibilities.
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)
BPMN is a standardized method for mapping business processes that provides a comprehensive set of symbols and notations to depict various elements of a business process.
Special Considerations
When creating a process map, it’s essential to:
- Define the Scope: Clearly articulate the start and end points of the process being mapped.
- Engage Stakeholders: Include inputs from individuals involved in the process to ensure accuracy.
- Use Standardized Symbols: Utilize standard symbols and notations for clarity and uniformity.
- Validate the Map: Review with concerned stakeholders to confirm the accuracy and completeness of the process depiction.
Examples
Example 1: Flowchart Mapping a Purchase Order Process
- Start: Receipt of purchase request.
- Review Request: Approval required?
- Yes: Approve and send to vendor.
- No: Request additional information.
- End: Receive goods and update inventory.
Example 2: Swimlane Diagram for Onboarding Process
- HR: Initiates employee record, schedules orientation.
- IT: Sets up workstation, grants system access.
- Finance: Enrolls in payroll, verifies compensation.
Historical Context
The concept of process mapping dates back to the early 20th century with the advent of industrial engineering and the development of the flow process chart by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The technique has since evolved and expanded into various forms and methodologies as part of continuous improvement practices in numerous industries.
Applicability
Process Mapping is applicable across a wide range of industries including manufacturing, healthcare, finance, and IT. It is particularly valuable in:
- Identifying Inefficiencies: Revealing bottlenecks and redundant steps.
- Improving Communication: Facilitating better understanding among team members.
- Ensuring Compliance: Documenting processes for regulatory requirements.
- Training: Serving as educational tools for new employees.
Comparisons
Flowcharts vs. BPMN: While flowcharts offer simplicity and ease of use, BPMN provides a more detailed and standardized method suitable for complex business processes.
Swimlane Diagrams vs. SIPOC: Swimlane diagrams focus on delineating responsibilities among stakeholders, whereas SIPOC gives a broader view of inputs and outputs from a high-level perspective.
Related Terms
- Workflow: A series of tasks or steps designed to achieve a specific outcome.
- Lean Manufacturing: A methodology focused on minimizing waste within manufacturing systems without sacrificing productivity.
- Six Sigma: A set of techniques and tools for process improvement aimed at reducing defects and variability.
FAQs
What is the main purpose of Process Mapping?
Can Process Mapping be used in service industries?
Is software necessary for Process Mapping?
How often should process maps be updated?
References
- Gilbreth, F. B., & Gilbreth, L. M. (1921). “Process Charts: First Steps in Finding the One Best Way to do Work.”
- Dunlop, P. (2012). “Process Mapping: How to Reengineer Your Business Processes.”
- Rummler, G. A., & Brache, A. P. (1995). “Improving Performance: How to Manage the White Space on the Organization Chart.”
Summary
Process Mapping is an essential technique for visualizing and analyzing workflows through various types of diagrams and charts. By providing a clear representation of a process, it helps organizations identify inefficiencies, improve communication, and ensure compliance. From simple flowcharts to advanced BPMN, Process Mapping is indispensable in today’s complex business environment.
