Reverse culture shock, often referred to as re-entry shock or re-adjustment shock, is a psychological phenomenon experienced by individuals who return to their home country after living abroad for an extended period. It involves a range of emotional and psychological responses as they try to readjust to their native culture, which may have changed during their absence, or which they may now view differently due to their experiences overseas.
Stages of Reverse Culture Shock
Honeymoon Period
Initially, individuals may feel excited and relieved to be back home. They reconnect with family and friends and enjoy familiar foods and places.
Disenchantment
Soon after the initial euphoria fades, individuals may begin to feel frustrated, alienated, or culturally out of place. This stage is characterized by a sense of loss and confusion as they realize that life has gone on without them, and they may find themselves out of sync with those who remained.
Readjustment
Over time, individuals begin to reconcile their experiences abroad with their native culture. They start to adapt their behaviors and attitudes, finding a balance between their former and recent identities.
Adaptation
Eventually, individuals fully readjust and find a new normal. They integrate aspects of their international experience into their daily lives and identity, feeling comfortable and stable in their home country once again.
Symptoms of Reverse Culture Shock
- Emotional Distress: Feelings of sadness, frustration, or loneliness.
- Cultural Disconnection: Difficulty relating to others and feeling out of place.
- Identity Confusion: A sense of loss or confusion about personal identity.
- Nostalgia: Longing for the way things were abroad.
- Cognitive Dissonance: Conflict between new perspectives gained overseas and traditional cultural norms of the home country.
Coping Strategies
Stay Connected
Maintain relationships with friends made abroad to share experiences and mutual understanding.
Reflect and Integrate
Reflect on what was learned abroad and find ways to integrate those experiences and perspectives into daily life.
Seek Support
Connect with others who have gone through similar experiences. Support groups or counseling can help navigate difficult emotions.
Stay Physically Active
Regular physical activity can alleviate stress and improve mental well-being.
Be Patient
Understand that readjustment takes time and allow yourself the grace to do so at your own pace.
Historical Context
The concept of reverse culture shock was popularized in the late 20th century as more people began to travel and live abroad. Early research focused on expatriates and military personnel, but today it’s recognized as a common experience among students, volunteers, and expatriate workers.
Applicability
Reverse culture shock is increasingly relevant in today’s globalized world. It affects a wide range of individuals including international students, expatriates, military personnel, diplomats, and refugees.
Comparisons
Culture Shock vs. Reverse Culture Shock
- Culture Shock: Experienced when adjusting to a new culture.
- Reverse Culture Shock: Experienced when readjusting to one’s native culture after living abroad.
Related Terms
- Expatriate: A person living outside their native country.
- Acculturation: The process of cultural change and adaptation.
- Re-entry Shock: Another term for reverse culture shock.
- Cultural Adjustment: Adapting to a new cultural environment.
FAQs
Can reverse culture shock be as intense as initial culture shock?
How long does reverse culture shock last?
Is it possible to avoid reverse culture shock?
References
- Gaw, K. F. (2000). Reverse Culture Shock in Students Returning from Overseas. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 24(1), 83–104.
- Martin, J. N., & Harrell, T. (1995). Reentry Training for Intercultural Sojourners. Communication Education, 44(3), 224–238.
- Adler, P. S. (1981). Beyond Cultural Identity: Reflections on Multiculturalism. In L. Samovar & R. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader.
Summary
Reverse culture shock is a common but often overlooked phenomenon that affects individuals returning to their home country after an extended period abroad. Understanding its stages and symptoms, and employing effective coping strategies, can help individuals navigate the emotional complexities of their readjustment journey. As global mobility continues to rise, greater awareness and support for those experiencing reverse culture shock will become increasingly essential.
