RFC (Request for Comments): Types of Publications from Internet Standards Bodies

RFCs are a type of publication from technical development and standards-setting bodies for the Internet. They contain essential information on protocols, procedures, programs, and concepts.

A Request for Comments (RFC) is a type of publication from the principal technical development and standards-setting bodies for the Internet. RFCs are written documents that describe methods, behaviors, research, or innovations applicable to the functioning of the Internet and Internet-connected systems. They are initiated and published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), and also by other organizations like the Internet Architecture Board (IAB).

Historical Context

The first RFC, RFC 1, was written by Steve Crocker in 1969 when the ARPANET—the precursor to the modern Internet—was being developed. The original purpose of RFCs was to establish a dialogue and allow researchers to contribute to the development of network protocols freely and informally.

Role in Internet Architecture

RFCs play a crucial role in shaping the guidelines, standards, and protocols that govern the Internet’s architecture and its myriad of connected networks. Notably, some of the most critical protocols developed through RFCs include the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) suite (e.g., RFC 791 and RFC 793), the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) (e.g., RFC 2616), and the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) (e.g., RFC 5246).

Types of RFCs

RFCs are categorized into several types, each serving a different function in the standardization process:

1. Informational RFCs

These provide general information, analysis, or research findings related to Internet technology. They serve to share ideas and concepts with the community without specifying endorsement or recommendation.

2. Standards Track RFCs

Standards Track RFCs are intended to become Internet standards. They go through multiple stages, including:

• Proposed Standard: Initial phase where a specification has general community agreement.
• Draft Standard: Indicates that significant implementation and operational experience have been obtained.
• Internet Standard: Outlines well-established and widely deployed standards.

3. Best Current Practice (BCP) RFCs

BCPs describe recommended practices for the Internet community. They provide guidance based on consensus and proven practice over standards that may span multiple areas or disciplines.

4. Experimental RFCs

Experimental RFCs propose new, experimental protocols or services. They are intended for potential use but are not on the path to becoming standards unless future research validates their effectiveness.

5. Historic RFCs

Historic RFCs denote specifications that were once standards or influential but have been deprecated or superseded.

Key Examples of RFCs

• RFC 791: Defines the Internet Protocol (IP) which is foundational for Internet communications.
• RFC 792: Details the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), used for diagnostic purposes.
• RFC 2045: Describes Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), crucial for email transmission.
• RFC 2328: Defines Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Version 2, a routing protocol.

Special Considerations

Open Contributions

A unique aspect of RFCs is their openness. Anyone can submit an RFC, allowing a diverse set of contributors to influence the direction and development of Internet technologies. This open process promotes innovation and collaboration.

Standards Process

The development and finalization of RFCs involve a rigorous review and consensus-building process, making sure that proposed standards are robust and broadly accepted before they are advanced to the status of an Internet Standard.

Applicability

RFCs are not just historically significant documents; they shape today’s internet infrastructure, security protocols, data exchange formats, and much more. Engineers, developers, researchers, and IT professionals frequently reference RFCs to ensure compliance and leverage best practices in their work.

Related Terms

• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): A key organization responsible for developing and promoting RFCs related to TCP/IP and Internet architecture.
• Internet Research Task Force (IRTF): Focuses on long-term research related to Internet protocols, applications, architecture, and technology.
• Internet Architecture Board (IAB): Provides oversight of the architecture for the protocols and procedures used by the Internet.

FAQs

What is the significance of the RFC publication model?

The RFC publication model is significant because it allows for the open exchange of knowledge and ideas necessary for the growth and evolution of the Internet. It establishes a platform where information can be freely published, reviewed, and debated.

Can anyone submit an RFC?

Yes, anyone can submit an RFC. The process involves drafting a detailed proposal and submitting it for community review. The IETF or other relevant body will coordinate the review process.

How do RFCs become standardized?

An RFC proposed for standardization undergoes an iterative review process that includes community feedback and multiple stages of approval, advancing from Proposed Standard to Draft Standard, and finally to Internet Standard.

References

1. “RFC 791: Internet Protocol.” RFC Editor. Link
2. “RFC 792: Internet Control Message Protocol.” RFC Editor. Link
3. “RFC 2045: MIME Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies.” RFC Editor. Link
4. “RFC 2328: OSPF Version 2.” RFC Editor. Link

Summary

RFCs (Request for Comments) are indispensable in the realm of Internet standards and technology. By facilitating open discussion and community collaboration, RFCs ensure that the Internet remains robust, adaptable, and expansive. They form the cornerstone of the protocols and standards that power the Internet, promoting transparency and innovation within the global technology community.