Supplemental Security Income (SSI): Providing Income Support for Those in Need

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federal income support program that provides financial assistance to aged, blind, or disabled individuals with limited income and resources, separate from Social Security benefits.

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federal income support program in the United States that provides financial aid to aged, blind, or disabled individuals who have minimal income and resources. The program is distinct from Social Security benefits, although it is managed by the Social Security Administration (SSA).

Eligibility Criteria

Age, Blindness, and Disability

• Aged: Individuals aged 65 or older.
• Blindness: Legal blindness according to SSA’s criteria.
• Disability: Individuals with a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that results in significant functional limitation, expected to last at least one year or result in death.

Income and Resources

• Income: Includes earnings, pensions, Social Security benefits, and assistance from others. The program sets specific income limits.
• Resources: Includes cash, bank accounts, stocks, and bonds. Limits are set at $2,000 for individuals and $3,000 for couples.

Calculation of Benefits

Federal Benefit Rate (FBR)

The basic SSI payment is determined by the Federal Benefit Rate (FBR), which is subject to annual adjustments based on cost-of-living increases.

State Supplements

Some states provide additional supplementary payments to SSI recipients, which vary by state and are intended to provide further financial support.

Income Exclusions

Certain types of income are not counted when determining eligibility for SSI benefits:

• $20 of most income received in a month.
• The first $65 of earnings, plus half of earnings over $65.
• Food stamps, home energy assistance, and certain other welfare aid.

Historical Context

Established by the Social Security Amendments of 1972, SSI replaced the federal-state adult assistance programs that provided benefits to the aged, blind, and disabled. The program aimed to standardize coverage and simplify the administration of benefits.

Comparisons and Related Terms

• Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI): Provides benefits to disabled individuals who have paid into Social Security through payroll taxes.
• Medicaid: Low-income individuals qualifying for SSI are typically eligible for Medicaid.
• TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families): Provides temporary financial assistance and is intended to help families achieve self-sufficiency.

FAQs

How do I apply for SSI?

You can apply for SSI through the Social Security Administration by visiting their website, calling their toll-free number, or visiting a local SSA office.

Can I receive both SSI and SSDI?

Yes, it is possible to receive both SSI and SSDI if you meet the eligibility criteria for both programs.

What happens to my SSI if my income or resources change?

Changes in income or resources must be reported to the SSA, as they can affect your SSI benefit amount.

References

1. Social Security Administration. (n.d.). Supplemental Security Income (SSI).
2. Congressional Research Service. (2021). “Supplemental Security Income (SSI): An Overview”.

Summary

The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program is a critical federal assistance initiative designed to support aged, blind, or disabled individuals with limited income and resources. Administered by the Social Security Administration, SSI aims to provide financial aid and improve the quality of life for those unable to achieve substantial gainful activity due to age or disability. Its distinction from other federal benefits, careful calculation of payments, and eligibility rules contribute to its role as a cornerstone of the U.S. welfare system.