Historical Context
The Social Security Number (SSN) was established in 1936 as part of the Social Security Act. Initially intended solely for tracking earnings and administering benefits, the SSN has evolved into a de facto national identification number in the United States.
Types/Categories
There are three types of Social Security cards, categorized by the restrictions on employment they impose:
- Unrestricted: Issued to U.S. citizens and those authorized to work in the U.S.
- Restricted: Issued to individuals lawfully admitted to the U.S. who are authorized to work.
- Non-work: Issued to those lawfully admitted but not authorized to work, primarily for benefit purposes.
Key Events
- 1936: Introduction of the SSN.
- 1961: Expanded usage for identifying individuals beyond Social Security Administration (SSA) programs.
- 1970s-1980s: SSN use broadened to tax, banking, and credit applications.
- 2004: Enhanced measures to protect against SSN-related identity theft.
Detailed Explanations
Structure of the SSN
The SSN consists of nine digits, divided into three parts:
- AAA-GG-SSSS
- Area Number (AAA): Initially assigned based on geographical location.
- Group Number (GG): Originally helped to manage the issuing process.
- Serial Number (SSSS): A sequential number from 0001 to 9999.
Importance and Applicability
- Identity Verification: Used in various sectors to confirm personal identity.
- Taxation: Critical for the IRS to track income and tax filings.
- Employment: Employers use SSNs to verify eligibility to work.
- Credit: Essential for obtaining credit, loans, and opening bank accounts.
- Benefits: Used to administer Social Security benefits and other government services.
Considerations
- Privacy Concerns: Due to its extensive use, there is a high risk of identity theft.
- Legal Protections: Various laws protect against unauthorized use and disclosure.
- Replacement: Procedures exist for replacing a lost or stolen SSN card.
Related Terms with Definitions
- TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number): A generic term for identification numbers used by the IRS.
- ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number): Assigned to individuals who are not eligible for an SSN but need to file taxes.
- EIN (Employer Identification Number): Used to identify a business entity.
Comparisons
- SSN vs. EIN: SSN is for individuals, while EIN is for businesses.
- SSN vs. ITIN: SSN is for those eligible for Social Security benefits; ITIN is for tax purposes for those who cannot obtain an SSN.
Interesting Facts
- The first SSN was issued in 1936.
- Numbers starting with 666 are never assigned due to superstitious reasons.
- Social Security Administration estimates over 450 million SSNs have been issued to date.
Inspirational Stories
- Famous Identifications: Several notable public figures have shared their SSNs publicly to highlight privacy concerns, leading to increased awareness and changes in privacy laws.
Famous Quotes, Proverbs, and Clichés
- Quote: “The price of freedom is eternal vigilance.” — Thomas Jefferson (highlighting the need to guard personal data)
Jargon and Slang
- Numident: A term used within SSA to refer to the Numerical Identification system containing SSN records.
- SSN Card: Slang for the physical card bearing the Social Security Number.
FAQs
Q: How do I apply for an SSN?
A: You can apply through the SSA by submitting Form SS-5 and providing necessary documentation.
Q: What should I do if my SSN is stolen?
A: Report the theft to the Federal Trade Commission, place a fraud alert on your credit records, and monitor your financial accounts.
Q: Can I change my SSN?
A: In extreme cases of identity theft or other serious harm, the SSA may allow you to change your SSN.
References
- Social Security Administration. “Social Security Number & Card.” SSA, https://www.ssa.gov/ssnumber/.
- Internal Revenue Service. “Social Security Number (SSN) vs. Employer Identification Number (EIN).” IRS, https://www.irs.gov.
Final Summary
The Social Security Number (SSN) is a critical personal identifier in the United States, central to identity verification, taxation, employment, and access to government services. While its use has broadened significantly beyond its original intent, this expansion brings with it important considerations regarding privacy and security. Understanding the structure, uses, and protections associated with the SSN helps individuals better navigate its complexities and safeguard their personal information.
