Standees refer to individuals who are compelled to stand during their journey in public transportation modes, such as buses, trains, subways, or trams, because all the seats are occupied. While the term can be used in various contexts, it is most frequently associated with daily commuters using urban transit systems. Notably, “standees” includes but is not limited to, “straphangers,” a term predominantly used in New York City to describe those standing in buses or trains, holding onto overhead straps or handles for stability.
Historical Context
The term “standees” has been used broadly in public transportation lexicon since the early 20th century, paralleling the development of urban mass transit systems. The peak of industrialization and urbanization necessitated efficient and frequent travel options in cities, leading to crowded conditions in public vehicles.
Evolution of Public Transportation and Standees
- 19th Century: Introduction of horse-drawn streetcars and later the electric tram’s invention led to the first instances of large numbers of standees.
- 20th Century: The expansion of subway and rail systems in major cities like New York, London, and Paris increased public transport usage, often resulting in more standees.
- 21st Century: Innovations such as articulated buses and double-decker trains were partly designed to accommodate more standees comfortably and safely.
Special Considerations for Standees
Travel conditions for standees vary based on several factors:
- Vehicle Design: Modern vehicles are designed with standees in mind, featuring more grab handles, non-slip flooring, and space optimization.
- Safety Regulations: Transportation authorities mandate certain safety measures, including alerts for stops and starts to help standees maintain balance.
- Peak Hours: Congestion typically peaks during rush hours, increasing the number of standees significantly.
Examples of Standees
Urban Context
- Rush Hour Commuters: In a crowded subway car during morning hours, numerous passengers are observed standing, holding onto metal poles or straps.
- Event-Specific Crowds: Attendees of a large event, such as a concert or sports game, often travel as standees in public transport to and from venues.
Applicability of the Term
The term “standees” is applicable in various public transport settings globally and is significant for transport planning and policy-making. Recognition of standees’ specific needs leads to better design and service improvements in urban transit systems.
Related Terms
- Straphangers: Specifically refers to standees who hold onto a strap for balance in moving vehicles.
- Commuters: Individuals traveling to and from work, a group that often includes standees.
- Capacity: The total number of passengers a vehicle can carry, including both seated and standing passengers.
FAQs
Why is it important to design for standees in public transportation?
What are common safety features for standees?
How does the peak hour affect standees?
What regulations govern standees' safety?
Are there alternatives to standing during peak hours?
References
- Jones, P. (2018). Urban Transportation Systems. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Smith, A.B. (2022). Public Transit Safety Practices. Journal of Transportation Safety.
Summary
The term “standees” broadly encompasses individuals who stand while traveling on public transportation due to lack of seating availability, an essential demographic in urban transport planning. Its implications for vehicle design, safety regulations, and service optimization are critical for ensuring efficient and comfortable public transit systems.
