Strikebreakers: An Overview

Strikebreakers, also known as management-hired replacements for striking employees, play a controversial role in labor disputes. This article explores their definition, historical context, legal considerations, and societal impact.

Strikebreakers, also known as “scabs,” are individuals hired by management to replace employees who are on strike. These individuals must cross picket lines established by striking workers, often leading to significant tension and resentment.

Historical Context of Strikebreakers

Early Usage

The term “strikebreaker” emerged in the early 19th century, coinciding with the rise of industrial labor strikes. Historically, strikebreakers were used to ensure continued production and to weaken the bargaining power of striking employees.

Notable Incidents

• Homestead Strike (1892): During the Homestead Strike in Pennsylvania, strikebreakers were brought in to replace workers, leading to violent clashes.
• Pullman Strike (1894): The use of strikebreakers in the Pullman Strike led to nationwide disruptions and federal intervention.

Legal Considerations

Legislation

In many jurisdictions, the use of strikebreakers is governed by labor laws:

• United States: The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) permits the hiring of temporary strikebreakers. However, the hiring of permanent replacements can be contested under certain conditions.
• Europe: Many European countries have stricter regulations, often prohibiting the use of strikebreakers altogether.

Court Rulings

Numerous court cases have shaped the legal landscape, addressing issues such as the rights of strikebreakers, the legality of their employment, and the protection of striking workers.

Societal Impact

Economic Implications

The use of strikebreakers can mitigate productivity losses during a strike, allowing businesses to continue operations. However, it can also inflame labor relations and prolong disputes.

Social and Psychological Effects

The presence of strikebreakers often leads to significant animosity, as they are perceived as undermining collective bargaining efforts. This can result in long-term damage to workplace morale and cohesion.

Comparisons and Related Terms

Scabs

Though often used interchangeably, “scab” is a derogatory term for strikebreakers, emphasizing the moral judgments placed on their actions.

Union-Busting

Union-busting refers to broader strategies employed by management to discourage union activity. While strikebreaking is a direct response to labor strikes, union-busting encompasses a wider array of anti-union tactics.

FAQs

What motivates individuals to become strikebreakers?

Motivations can vary widely, including financial necessity, lack of awareness of the strike’s context, or personal beliefs about union activities.

Are there legal protections for strikebreakers?

Yes, strikebreakers are entitled to protection against harassment and violence, similar to other employees. However, they may face significant social stigma.

Can strikebreakers be permanently hired?

This depends on regional labor laws. In the United States, for example, permanent replacement is allowable under certain circumstances but is often subject to legal challenges.

References

1. National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
2. “Homestead Strike.” Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Homestead-Strike.

Summary

Strikebreakers, or management-hired replacements for striking employees, are pivotal yet controversial figures in labor disputes. Understanding their historical context, legal considerations, and societal impact is essential for comprehending their role in industrial relations. This broad overview aims to facilitate a well-rounded understanding and foster informed discussions on the subject.

(See also [Scabs])