A suburb is a town or an unincorporated developed area that is located near a city. Suburbs are predominantly residential and often serve as commuter towns for those working in the city. They are typically characterized by low-density development when compared to the urban core of a city. However, over time, many suburbs have experienced considerable industrial and commercial development, reducing their dependency on the nearby city.
Characteristics of Suburbs
Residential Nature
Suburbs are primarily residential areas. This means that the majority of the land use in suburbs is for housing, ranging from single-family homes to apartment complexes. The residential character of suburbs often results in a quieter and more serene environment compared to city centers.
Low-Density Development
Suburban areas typically feature low-density development. This means fewer houses per acre, larger properties, and more open spaces such as parks and recreational areas. The infrastructure is designed to accommodate private vehicles, making suburbs more car-dependent.
Dependency on Cities
Historically, suburbs have relied on nearby cities for employment opportunities, services, and amenities such as hospitals, shopping centers, and cultural institutions. Commuting from the suburb to the city is a common pattern for suburban residents.
Industrial Development
In recent decades, many suburbs have undergone significant industrial and commercial development. This has led to the establishment of business parks, shopping malls, and industrial zones within suburban areas. As a result, the economic dependency on the nearby city has decreased for some suburbs.
Types of Suburbs
Bedroom Communities
These are predominantly residential suburbs where the majority of residents commute to a neighboring city for work.
Edge Cities
Suburbs that have developed a substantial amount of commercial and economic activity, resembling small cities themselves. Examples include Tysons Corner in Virginia and The Woodlands in Texas.
Exurbs
These are located beyond the suburbs and are often more rural and less densely populated. Exurbs offer larger properties and are gradually becoming more accessible due to transportation improvements.
Historical Context
The concept of the suburb can be traced back to Ancient Rome, but modern suburbs began to take shape during the industrial revolution. The increase in transportation options such as railways and automobiles facilitated the movement of people from crowded city centers to surrounding areas. The post-World War II era saw a significant increase in suburban development, particularly in countries like the United States and Australia.
Applicability
Urban Planning
Suburbs play a crucial role in the field of urban planning. Planners need to address issues related to transportation, infrastructure, zoning laws, and community services to create sustainable suburban areas.
Real Estate
In real estate, suburbs offer opportunities for residential investment and development. The demand for suburban homes remains high due to the preference for larger living spaces and quieter environments.
Economics
Economically, suburbs contribute to the growth and expansion of metropolitan areas. They provide diversified residential and commercial options, enhancing the overall economic ecosystem.
Related Terms
- Urban: A term that refers to the densely populated areas within a city. Urban areas are characterized by significant infrastructure, housing, and commercial activities.
- Rural: Refers to regions that are outside cities and towns, typically characterized by low population density, agricultural activities, and natural landscapes.
FAQs
What distinguishes a suburb from a city?
Can suburbs be self-sufficient?
What are some challenges faced by suburbs?
References
- Fishman, R. (1987). Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia. Basic Books.
- Hall, P. (2002). Cities of Tomorrow: An Intellectual History of Urban Planning and Design in the Twentieth Century. Wiley-Blackwell.
- Bruegmann, R. (2005). Sprawl: A Compact History. University of Chicago Press.
Summary
Suburbs are integral components of modern urban and metropolitan systems. They provide residential areas that are typically quieter and less densely populated than cities. With evolving economic and industrial developments, many suburbs have become self-sufficient, reducing their traditional dependency on nearby cities. Understanding the characteristics, development patterns, and historical context of suburbs helps in effective urban planning and development.
