Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federally funded program administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA) that provides financial assistance to individuals who are aged, blind, or disabled and have limited income and resources. Unlike Social Security benefits that are funded through payroll taxes, SSI is funded by general tax revenues.
Eligibility Criteria
To qualify for SSI, individuals must meet specific eligibility criteria, which include:
Age, Disability, and Blindness
- Aged: The individual must be 65 years or older.
- Blind: The individual must satisfy the SSA’s definition of blindness.
- Disabled: The individual must meet the SSA’s definition of disability, which typically means an inability to engage in substantial gainful activity due to a medically determinable physical or mental impairment.
Income and Resources
- Income: Includes money received from wages, Social Security benefits, and pensions. Unemployment benefits, disability payments, friends’ or relatives’ support all count towards income.
- Resources: Includes assets such as cash, bank accounts, stocks, real estate, and personal property. As of 2023, the resource limits are $2,000 for individuals and $3,000 for couples.
Benefits of SSI
SSI provides monthly cash benefits to help meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter. The amount received can vary depending on other income and the living arrangements of the recipient.
Historical Context of SSI
The SSI program was established by the Social Security Amendments of 1972 and began operations in 1974. Before the creation of SSI, various state-administered programs provided assistance to individuals who were needy, blind, aged, or disabled. SSI replaced these programs with a uniform, federal standard.
Differences Between SSI and SSDI
SSI is often confused with Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), but they have significant differences:
- Funding: SSI is funded through general tax revenues, while SSDI is funded through payroll taxes (FICA).
- Eligibility: SSI is based on financial need, whereas SSDI is based on work credits and earnings history.
- Benefit Calculation: SSI provides a fixed amount adjusted by other income, whereas SSDI benefits are calculated based on the recipient’s earnings record.
Related Terms and Definitions
- Social Security: A federal insurance program that provides benefits to retired people, those who are unemployed, or disabled.
- Medicaid: A federal and state program helping with medical costs for those with limited income and resources.
- Public Assistance: Government aid to individuals in need, including SSI, food stamps, and housing assistance.
FAQs
Can non-citizens qualify for SSI?
How is the SSI benefit amount determined?
Can SSI benefits be retroactive?
References
- Social Security Administration, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Information.
- “Social Security Amendments of 1972,” Title XVI of the Social Security Act.
- “Understanding SSI - SSI Eligibility,” Social Security Administration.
Summary
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a vital federal program designed to provide financial assistance to elderly, blind, and disabled individuals with limited income and resources. Established in 1974, it serves as a lifeline for many, ensuring that basic needs can be met. By understanding its eligibility requirements, benefits, and historical context, individuals can better navigate the complexities of this important social safety net.
