A wildcat strike is a sudden and unannounced work stoppage that occurs while a labor contract is still in effect. These strikes are not authorized by union management and are often regarded as illegal. Typically, wildcat strikes emerge from unresolved disputes concerning wages, working conditions, or other employment terms.
Characteristics of Wildcat Strikes
Unauthorized by Union Management
Union leadership typically negotiates and approves formal strike actions. In contrast, wildcat strikes arise spontaneously at the grassroots level without prior authorization.
Violation of Labor Contracts
Since wildcat strikes occur during the term of an active labor contract, they usually breach the “no-strike” clause, making them illegal and subject to legal consequences.
Triggers
- Wage disputes
- Unfair working conditions
- Safety concerns
- Grievances related to overtime or management decisions
Historical Context
Early 20th Century
Wildcat strikes gained prominence in the early 20th century as industrial workers often found legal and formal avenues insufficient to address their grievances.
Post-World War II Era
Post-World War II, many countries codified labor laws and established formal relationships between unions and employers, reducing the incidences but not eliminating the phenomenon.
Legal Considerations
Legality
Wildcat strikes are generally illegal under labor laws in many countries, as they violate existing labor agreements and regulations governing unionized activities.
Consequences
- Disciplinary action against participating workers
- Potential legal action against the union, even if it did not organize the strike
- Financial losses for workers due to lost wages
Examples of Wildcat Strikes
1974 Dodge Main Plant Strike
In 1974, workers at the Dodge Main plant in Hamtramck, Michigan, initiated a wildcat strike protesting speed-ups and job cuts, drawing national attention to labor issues in the automobile industry.
2009 Windsor Assembly Plant Strike
In 2009, workers at Chrysler’s Windsor Assembly plant engaged in a wildcat strike, shutting down operations to protest the outsourcing of local jobs.
Comparisons to Other Strikes
Sanctioned Strikes
Organized with union leadership’s approval and often follow legal notice requirements and formal procedures.
General Strikes
A broader work stoppage affecting multiple industries or sectors, often aimed at political or social change.
Related Terms
- Union Authorization: The formal approval by union leadership to initiate a strike.
- No-Strike Clause: A provision in a labor contract prohibiting strikes during the term of the agreement.
- Grievance Procedure: A formal process to resolve disputes between employees and employers.
FAQs
Are wildcat strikes common?
What are the risks for workers participating in wildcat strikes?
Can a union support a wildcat strike after it has started?
Summary
Wildcat strikes are significant, albeit often illegal, measures undertaken by frustrated workers to swiftly address pressing grievances related to wages, working conditions, and other employment terms. While they carry considerable risks for participants, these strikes highlight areas of labor discontent that sometimes lead to broad reforms and better labor conditions.
References
- “Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining,” Michael R. Carrell, Christina Heavrin, Sr., 2013.
- “The Labor Relations Process,” William H. Holley, Kenneth M. Jennings, Roger S. Wolters, 2012.
- U.S. National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) - www.nlrb.gov
By presenting a comprehensive understanding of wildcat strikes, this entry provides readers with essential knowledge to understand the complexities and implications associated with such labor actions.
