Central Banking

Bank of England: The Central Bank of the United Kingdom
Established in 1694, the Bank of England is the central bank of the UK and has been under public ownership since 1946. It plays a crucial role in the UK's financial and monetary policy.
Base Money: Foundation of the Monetary System
A comprehensive exploration of base money, its significance in the monetary system, historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, and more.
Base Rate: Understanding the Foundation of Interest Rates
An in-depth examination of the base rate, including its historical context, importance in the financial system, mathematical models, and its impact on various sectors.
Commitment: A Promise by a Government or Central Banker About Future Policies
Commitment, sometimes called pre-commitment, is a promise that monetary or fiscal policies will not be changed, or that if changes are needed, they will take specified forms. It ensures stability and predictability in economic planning.
ECB: European Central Bank
The European Central Bank (ECB) is a key institution in the European Union, responsible for managing the euro and implementing monetary policy within the Eurozone.
European Central Bank: Central Authority for Eurozone Monetary Policy
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the eurozone, established in 1998, responsible for setting interest rates and implementing monetary policy.
European Central Bank: The Cornerstone of European Monetary Stability
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central institution of the European Monetary Union, tasked with controlling interest rates and issuing the euro currency. Founded in 1998, the ECB plays a pivotal role in maintaining monetary stability in the Eurozone.
European System of Central Banks: Comprehensive Overview
The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) is composed of the European Central Bank and the central banks of all European Union member states. Learn about its structure, functions, and role in monetary policy.
Eurosystem: The Monetary Authority of the Eurozone
An in-depth exploration of the Eurosystem, its composition, functions, and significance in the economic stability and monetary policy of the eurozone.
Federal Reserve: The Central Banking System of the United States
The Federal Reserve, commonly referred to as The Fed, is the central banking system of the United States. It plays a critical role in regulating the nation's monetary policy and ensuring economic stability.
Federal Reserve: The Central Banking System of the United States
An in-depth understanding of the Federal Reserve, the central banking system of the United States responsible for monetary policy, interest rate regulation, and financial stability.
Federal Reserve Chair: The Leader of U.S. Monetary Policy
The Federal Reserve Chair oversees the U.S. central banking system, guiding monetary policy, regulating financial institutions, and ensuring stability in the financial system.
Federal Reserve System: The Central Banking Authority of the United States
An in-depth exploration of the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States, its structure, roles, history, and significance in providing a stable and secure financial system.
Gold and Foreign Exchange Reserves: Critical Financial Assets
Understanding the importance, types, historical context, and implications of gold and foreign exchange reserves for national economies.
Gold Standard: Historical Monetary System
A comprehensive exploration of the Gold Standard, its historical significance, operational mechanisms, key events, and implications for modern economies.
High-Powered Money: Key Component in Monetary Policy
High-Powered Money, also known as base money or monetary base, is a key concept in monetary policy and banking. It represents the money forms that commercial banks use as reserve assets and plays a critical role in money supply expansion.
Inflation Targeting: A Comprehensive Overview
A detailed examination of Inflation Targeting, its history, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, examples, considerations, related terms, and more.
International Reserves: Key Economic Indicators
Detailed exploration of International Reserves, including historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, and related concepts.
Intra-Marginal Intervention: A Preemptive Move in Forex Markets
An overview of intra-marginal intervention in foreign exchange markets, including historical context, key events, detailed explanations, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and more.
M3: Comprehensive Monetary Aggregate
M3, including M2 along with large time deposits, institutional money market funds, and other larger liquid assets, represents a broader measure of the money supply.
Monetary Control: The Framework of Economic Stability
Monetary Control refers to the various strategies and tools utilized by a country's central bank to regulate the money supply and interest rates to achieve economic goals like controlling inflation, managing unemployment, and ensuring financial stability.
Monetary Economics: Understanding Monetary Policy and Its Impacts
A comprehensive study of the conduct and institutions of monetary policy and their effects on key economic variables such as employment, output, interest rates, prices, consumption, and investment decisions.
Monetary Rule: A Systematic Approach to Monetary Policy
A comprehensive examination of the concept of a monetary rule, which is used by central banks to guide monetary policy based on macroeconomic performance indicators.
Money Supply: The Amount of Money in an Economy
The term 'Money Supply' refers to the total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. This includes cash, coins, and balances held in checking and savings accounts. It is a critical aspect of economic stability and growth, impacting inflation, interest rates, and overall economic activity.
MPC: Monetary Policy Committee
An in-depth look at the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), its functions, historical context, key events, importance, and implications in the economic landscape.
Negative Interest Rate: A Modern Economic Policy Tool
Negative interest rates represent an unconventional monetary policy where the central bank sets nominal target interest rates below zero percent to stimulate economic activity.
Norges Bank: The Central Bank of Norway
Norges Bank is the central bank of Norway, responsible for issuing the Norwegian Krone and managing Norway’s monetary policy. It plays a crucial role in the country’s economic stability and financial system.
Official Financing: Balance of Payments Adjustment
Official Financing refers to the adjustments made by a nation's authorities to address imbalances in the balance of payments, using measures like foreign exchange reserves or borrowing from international institutions.
Quantitative Easing: An In-Depth Analysis
A comprehensive analysis of Quantitative Easing, its historical context, applications, impacts on the economy, and related terms.
Quantitative Easing (QE): An Economic Stimulus Tool
Quantitative Easing (QE) is a monetary policy instrument used by central banks to inject liquidity into the economy and stimulate economic growth by purchasing government securities or other securities from the market.
RBA: Reserve Bank of Australia - The Central Bank Managing Monetary Policy
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is the central bank responsible for formulating and implementing monetary policy, managing currency issuance, and overseeing the stability of the financial system in Australia.
Rediscounting: The Practice of Discounting an Already Discounted Security
Rediscounting refers to the financial practice where a security, previously discounted by a bank, is discounted once more by another bank, serving as a critical tool in liquidity management and monetary policy.
Reserve Banks: Twelve Regional Banks Operating Under the Oversight of the Board of Governors
Reserve Banks are the twelve regional banks functioning under the supervision of the Federal Reserve's Board of Governors, each serving its specific district within the United States and playing a crucial role in the nation's monetary policy and financial system stability.
Sterilization: Method for Managing Domestic Money Supply
Sterilization is a method by which a central bank prevents balance-of-payments surpluses or deficits from affecting the domestic money supply, often through the buying and selling of securities.
Tight Monetary Policy: Restrictive Monetary Measures
A comprehensive guide to Tight Monetary Policy, a strategy employed to manage inflation by making borrowing costly and limiting the money supply.
Ways and Means Advances: Temporary Financial Support for Governments
An exploration of Ways and Means Advances, their historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, applicability, examples, and related concepts in the realms of Economics, Finance, and Government Regulations.
Zero Interest Rate: Monetary Policy and Economic Implications
The concept of maintaining a nominal interest rate of zero percent as a monetary policy, including its historical context, applications, and economic implications.
European Central Bank (ECB): Overview and Functions
The European Central Bank (ECB) oversees monetary policy for the Eurozone, which includes 16 countries as of 2011. Its primary mission is to maintain price stability and issue the euro currency.
FED, THE: See FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD
A brief redirecting entry referring to the Federal Reserve Board, often abbreviated as the 'Fed.' The term is widely used in economic contexts relating to the central banking system of the United States.
Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC): Key Committee in the Federal Reserve System
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is a key component of the Federal Reserve System responsible for setting short-term monetary policy for the United States. It consists of the seven governors of the Federal Reserve Board, the president of the New York Federal Reserve Bank, and the presidents of four other regional Federal Reserve Banks.
Federal Reserve Open Market Committee: Central Bank Policy-Making Body
An overview of the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee (FOMC), its role, structure, operations, and significance in formulating U.S. monetary policy.
Open Market Committee: See Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
The Open Market Committee, commonly referred to as the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), plays a crucial role in the United States monetary policy.
1913 Federal Reserve Act: Definition and Significance
An in-depth look at the 1913 Federal Reserve Act, its creation of the Federal Reserve System, and its pivotal role in U.S. monetary policy.
Contractionary Policy: Definition, Purpose, and Examples
A thorough exploration of contractionary policy, including its definition, purpose, mechanisms, examples, and its role in macroeconomic management.
European Central Bank (ECB): Definition, Structure, and Core Functions
An in-depth exploration of the European Central Bank (ECB), including its definition, structural setup, primary functions, historical context, and its role within the Eurozone.
Federal Reserve System (FRS): Functions, Structure, and History
A comprehensive guide to the Federal Reserve System (FRS), detailing its functions, organizational structure, historical development, and its role in the U.S. monetary and financial system.
Helicopter Drop (Helicopter Money): Economic Definitions, Examples, and Types
An in-depth exploration of the concept of Helicopter Drop, also known as Helicopter Money, as a monetary stimulus approach, its types, historical examples, and significance in economics.
John B. Taylor: Architect of the Taylor Rule in Monetary Policy
Explore the contributions of John B. Taylor, the renowned economics professor known for formulating the Taylor Rule, a pivotal guideline for central banks in setting interest rates.
Monetary Policy: Meaning, Types, and Tools
An in-depth exploration of monetary policy, its meaning, various types, and the tools used by central banks to regulate the economy.
Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP): Definition, Uses, and Real-World Examples
An in-depth exploration of Negative Interest Rate Policy (NIRP), including its definition, purposes, practical applications, historical context, and real-world examples.
Operating Target: Definition, Mechanism, and Significance
An in-depth exploration of operating targets used by central banks to guide monetary policy, including their definition, mechanism, and significance.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI): Structure, Functions, and Role in the Economy
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central bank of India, established on April 1, 1935, under the Reserve Bank of India Act. Learn about its structure, functions, and crucial role in India's economy.
Reserve Ratio: Definition, Calculation, and Significance in Banking
Explore the definition, calculation, and significance of the reserve ratio in the banking sector. Learn how it impacts monetary policy and financial stability.
The K-Percent Rule: Concept, Mechanism, and Implications
Explore the K-Percent Rule, proposed by economist Milton Friedman, which suggests that the central bank should increase the money supply by a set percentage annually. Understand its concept, mechanism, and implications in economics.
Tight Monetary Policy: Definition, Mechanisms, and Economic Benefits
Explore the concept of tight monetary policy, its working principles, and the economic advantages it offers in managing inflation and stabilizing economic growth.

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