Credit Risk

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL): Reserve for Estimated Loan Losses
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) is the reserve set aside by financial institutions on their balance sheets for estimated loan losses, reflecting the risk of default inherent in their credit activities.
Assignment: Transfer of Rights or Property
An in-depth exploration of the concept of Assignment, including its definition, types, key events, formulas, applications, and related terms.
Baa1: Moderate Credit Risk Bond Rating
An in-depth look at the Baa1 bond rating, its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, examples, and more.
Basel I: The Initial Basel Accord on Credit Risk
Basel I focuses primarily on credit risk management, establishing the first set of international banking regulations to ensure financial stability and minimize risks in the banking sector.
Bond Default Swap: A Financial Instrument for Credit Risk Management
An in-depth exploration of Bond Default Swaps, also known as Credit Default Swaps (CDS), covering their history, types, key events, mathematical models, applications, and more.
Counter-Party Credit Risk: Understanding Financial Uncertainty
Counter-Party Credit Risk is the risk that a counterparty may fail to fulfill their financial obligations in a transaction. This article explores its historical context, types, key events, models, importance, and related terms.
Credit Default Swap (CDS): Understanding The Basics
A comprehensive overview of Credit Default Swaps (CDS), financial derivatives that offer protection against default risk in financial markets.
Credit Default Swaps (CDS): Financial Derivatives Transferring Credit Risk
Credit Default Swaps (CDS) are financial derivatives designed to transfer credit exposure of fixed income products. This article delves into the intricacies of CDS, covering their history, functionality, and relevance in the financial world.
Credit Risk: Understanding the Financial Challenge
Credit risk refers to the possibility that a borrower will default on a loan or delay the repayment of the principal or interest, as well as the risk of adverse movement in the credit rating of the underlying in credit derivatives.
Credit Risk Insurance: Mitigating Credit Risk in Finance
An extensive overview of Credit Risk Insurance, a financial tool designed to mitigate the risk of financial loss due to a borrower's default or failure to meet contractual obligations.
Credit Risk Transfer: Understanding Shifting Credit Risk
Comprehensive guide on credit risk transfer, including types, key events, mathematical models, diagrams, importance, examples, related terms, and famous quotes.
Default: An In-Depth Exploration
Comprehensive coverage on the term 'Default' encompassing historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, models, and practical considerations.
Expected Loss (EL): Anticipated Loss Calculation
An in-depth exploration of Expected Loss (EL), including its calculation, importance in risk management, and applications in finance.
Factoring: Definition, Types, and Importance in Finance
Factoring is a financial transaction involving the sale of a company's accounts receivable to a third party, known as a factor, to improve cash flow and manage credit risk. This article delves into its types, historical context, importance, key events, and applicability in modern finance.
High-Yield Bond (Junk Bond): Bonds Rated Below Investment Grade
High-yield bonds, also known as junk bonds, are bonds rated below investment grade that offer higher returns to compensate for their higher risk. These bonds are issued by companies or entities with lower credit ratings and are considered speculative-grade investments.
Impaired Loan: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding
An in-depth examination of impaired loans, including their definitions, types, significance, examples, historical context, and related terms.
Past-Due Loan: Understanding Overdue Banking Loans
A comprehensive exploration of past-due loans, including their definition, implications, historical context, types, key events, and much more.
Rediscount: A Financial Strategy for Liquidity
Rediscounting involves buying a bill of exchange from the holder before its maturity at a discount, providing liquidity while minimizing credit risk.
Risk Transfer: Shifting Risk to Another Party
Transferring the risk to another party, such as through insurance. Mechanisms like CDS transfer only credit risk, whereas TRS transfers both credit and market risk.
Risk-Weighted Assets (RWA): Overview, Calculation, and Importance
Risk-Weighted Assets (RWA) are a critical measure used in banking to assess capital adequacy by assigning varying levels of risk to different asset classes.
Roll-Over of Loans: Financial Maneuver for Borrowers
A comprehensive guide to understanding the roll-over of loans, a financial strategy that allows borrowers to renew their loans upon maturity instead of paying them off, and its implications in the world of finance.
Structural Model of Credit Risk: Model to Assess Credit Risk Based on Firm Structures
The Structural Model of Credit Risk is an approach used for assessing credit risk by examining a firm's asset and liability structures. This method provides insights into a firm's default probability through various techniques and models.
Sub-Prime Mortgage: Understanding the Risks and Implications
A comprehensive overview of sub-prime mortgages, including historical context, key events, types, importance, applicability, considerations, related terms, and FAQs.
Transfer Credit Risk: Financial Implications and Management
Transfer Credit Risk represents the risk of a foreign debtor's inability to obtain necessary foreign currency from the central bank despite willingness and ability to pay, often affecting long-term contracts. This article explores the various dimensions and management strategies related to transfer credit risk.
Value-At-Risk: A Measure of Financial Risk
Value-At-Risk (VaR) is a statistical technique used to measure and quantify the level of financial risk within a firm or investment portfolio over a specific time frame.
Credit Risk: Financial and Moral Risk of Non-payment
Credit Risk encompasses both financial and moral risks associated with the possibility that an obligation will not be paid, potentially resulting in a loss.
FICO Score: A Measure of Borrower Credit Risk
Understand what a FICO score is, how it is calculated, its historical context, and its implications for both consumers and lenders.
Retail Credit Bureau: Detailed Overview
A comprehensive exploration of the functions, types, and historical context of Retail Credit Bureaus, along with their role in credit risk assessment and financial systems.
Security Rating: Evaluation of Credit and Investment Risk
Security Rating refers to the evaluation of credit and investment risk of a securities issue by commercial rating agencies, such as Moody's, Fitch Ratings, and Standard & Poor's.
Advanced Internal Rating-Based (AIRB) Approach: An Internal Method for Managing Credit Risk
The Advanced Internal Rating-Based (AIRB) approach is a sophisticated method used by financial institutions to internally manage and assess credit risk. This approach allows banks to use their own empirical models to estimate key credit risk parameters.
Allowance for Credit Losses: Definition, Calculation, and Importance
An in-depth explanation of the allowance for credit losses, including its definition, methods of calculation, significance in financial reporting, and its impact on company financials.
Counterparty Risk: Definition, Types, Examples, and Mitigation Strategies
A comprehensive overview of counterparty risk, including its definition, types, examples, and strategies to mitigate the potential financial losses associated with defaults in contractual obligations.
Default Risk: Comprehensive Definition, Types, and Measurement Methods
Default risk is crucial to understand for lenders and investors as it represents the uncertainty regarding a borrower's ability to meet debt obligations. This article explores the definition, types, and various measurement methods of default risk.
FICO Score: Understanding and Improving Your Credit Score
A comprehensive guide to understanding what a FICO score is, how it works, and tips on how to raise your credit score effectively.
Investment Grade Credit Ratings: Meaning and Details
A comprehensive overview of investment grade credit ratings, including definitions, types, importance, examples, historical context, and related terms.
Jarrow Turnbull Model: Understanding Credit Risk Pricing
An in-depth exploration of the Jarrow Turnbull Model, a reduced-form credit risk pricing method that uses dynamic interest rate analysis to determine default probability.
Merton Model: Definition, History, Formula, and Applications in Credit Risk Assessment
The Merton Model is a sophisticated mathematical framework used by stock analysts and lenders to evaluate a corporation's credit risk. This entry delves into its definition, historical development, key formula, interpretation, and practical applications.
Net Charge-Off: Definition, Mechanism, and Examples
A comprehensive guide on net charge-offs, explaining the concept, its mechanics, examples, and its significance in finance and banking.
NINJA Loan: Definition, History, and Current Availability
An in-depth exploration of NINJA loans, including their definition, historical context, and current availability, shedding light on their impact on the financial industry.
Provision for Credit Losses (PCL): Definition, Uses, and Example
An in-depth exploration of Provision for Credit Losses (PCL), its definition, uses, calculation examples, and impact on financial statements. Learn how PCL plays a crucial role in risk management for financial institutions.
Texas Ratio: Definition, Calculation, and Significance in Banking
The Texas Ratio is a financial metric developed to assess the credit risk and potential financial health issues of banks, especially in regional contexts. This entry provides a comprehensive overview of the Texas Ratio, including its definition, calculation, significance, and historical context.

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