Exploration of the principle of 'Ability to Pay' in taxation, examining its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and related terms.
A comprehensive guide to the Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS), an accounting method for asset depreciation in the United States.
Comprehensive overview of Active Labor Market Policies (ALMPs) which are designed to assist the unemployed in securing employment through various programs and interventions.
A detailed look at Adjustment Programmes, their historical context, types, key events, and their significance in curing balance-of-payments problems.
Administered price refers to a price set by an administrative process, often involving government or regulatory body intervention, rather than by market forces. This mechanism is used in various sectors including housing, agriculture, and labor.
A detailed exploration of Aid-In-Kind, covering historical context, types, key events, and significance in various fields.
A detailed exploration of automatic stabilizers, their mechanisms, historical context, importance in economics, examples, and related terms.
A comprehensive examination of avoidance, highlighting its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, and its differentiation from evasion.
An in-depth examination of the base rate, including its historical context, importance in the financial system, mathematical models, and its impact on various sectors.
A projection of how the economy will develop if existing trends and policies continue unchanged. Models of the economy may be based on theory, econometrics, or some combination of these.
An economic policy aimed at benefiting one country at the expense of others, often through measures like tariffs, quotas, or currency devaluation. Known as 'beggar-thy-neighbour' as well.
The benchmark interest rate is a standard interest rate set by central banks or financial authorities that serves as a reference point for determining other interest rates. It influences various economic activities and financial instruments, including loans, mortgages, and bond yields.
The Benefit Principle suggests that the cost of public expenditures should be met by those who benefit from them. It faces challenges in application, especially for non-excludable public goods and economically disadvantaged groups.
Blocked Funds are money that cannot be transferred to another country due to exchange controls imposed by a government.
The Brandt Report, officially titled 'North-South: A Program for Survival,' is a landmark document on international development published in 1980, advocating for enhanced cooperation between developed and developing nations.
A detailed exploration of Central Bank Forward Guidance, its role in monetary policy, and its impact on market expectations.
Central Banking refers to the institution responsible for overseeing the monetary system, managing currency, and regulating the supply of money within a nation or economic region.
The UK government official responsible for economic and financial matters.
An in-depth look at the concept of Cheap Money, its historical context, types, key events, significance, applicability, and related terms.
Comprehensive insights into the Clean Floating Exchange Rate, its mechanisms, historical context, key events, types, and relevance in modern economics.
Exploring the concept of Competitive Devaluation, where nations engage in devaluing their currencies to improve their trade competitiveness. Delving into historical context, key events, economic models, and implications.
The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) is a UK organization that represents the interests of businesses across all sectors, providing a voice for companies and promoting economic prosperity.
The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) is a prominent federation of UK companies, primarily from the manufacturing sector. Founded in 1965, the CBI collects information from its members and lobbies the government on various critical matters including economic policy, tax rules, employment legislation, competition policy, and industrial standards.
The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) is a leading business organization in the UK, representing businesses across all sectors, influencing policies, and driving economic growth.
An in-depth exploration of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), a crucial economic indicator used to measure inflation and inform economic policy decisions.
The concept of economic convergence describes the tendency of different economies to become increasingly similar in various aspects such as per capita incomes, growth rates, and social policies.
The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a U.S. agency within the Executive Office of the President that advises the President on economic policy.
The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a US body of three academics appointed to advise the President on the state of the economy. They assist in the preparation of the President's annual Economic Report to Congress and in the formulation of US government economic policy.
An in-depth exploration of counter-cyclical policies used to stabilize economies during different phases of the economic cycle.
Crawling peg exchange rates represent a semi-fixed exchange rate regime where the exchange rate is adjusted periodically in small increments to achieve a desired rate over time, offering stability while accommodating gradual adjustments.
Understanding the economic phenomenon where increased government spending leads to a decrease in private sector spending, either completely or partially.
Currency reform involves the replacement of an existing currency by a new one, often to address issues such as inflation or to facilitate economic policy adjustments.
A comprehensive guide to understanding the Current-Year Basis (CYB) system, where taxes are calculated based on the income earned in the current year.
An in-depth examination of government spending cuts, their types, historical context, implications, examples, and related concepts.
An in-depth exploration of the Debt for Equity process, including its benefits, historical context, key events, applications, and practical examples.
Comprehensive Guide on Debt Management Strategies and their Applications
An in-depth exploration of deductibility, the ability to reduce tax liability by deducting specific items from income, its historical context, key events, mathematical models, and much more.
Unemployment resulting from changes in the composition of the labor force. Understanding demographic unemployment is essential for analyzing labor market dynamics and developing effective policies.
Demonetization refers to the process whereby a currency or precious metal is withdrawn from its role as an accepted form of money. A notable example includes the 1971 decision by the Group of Seven governments to demonetize gold as an international currency.
An in-depth exploration of deregulation, its historical context, types, key events, importance, and impact on various sectors.
An in-depth look at the process and impact of deregulation across various sectors, including historical context, key events, types, and considerations.
A comprehensive examination of devaluation, its historical context, mechanisms, impacts on trade and economy, and its relevance in both fixed and floating exchange rate systems.
Dirigisme refers to the willingness of the state to intervene in the economy, either systematically or in an ad hoc manner. Contrasted with laissez-faire economics, dirigisme represents a more hands-on approach by the state.
An in-depth analysis of discretionary policy, comparing it with rules-based policy, its historical context, advantages, disadvantages, and real-world applications.
Discretionary stabilizers involve active steps by policymakers, such as new legislation or changes in government spending and taxation, to manage economic fluctuations.
An in-depth exploration of disincentives, their historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, and more.
Dividend Control involves restrictions on the distribution of dividends by firms, often imposed as part of prices and incomes policy to maintain economic stability and balance profits with wage controls.
The process where a country adopts the US dollar instead of or alongside its own currency to control inflation and stabilize the economy.
An agreement between two countries to avoid double taxation of the same income, fostering international investment and economic cooperation.
An economic incentive is a benefit offered to encourage specific economic behaviors or activities.
Understanding Economic Inequality: The disparity in economic wealth and access between different population groups, examining types, causes, and implications across societies.
An in-depth exploration of Economic Policy, including its objectives, tools, types, examples, and historical context.
Economic Policy encompasses fiscal policy, monetary policy, and trade policy used by governments to manage and regulate the economy.
An in-depth look at the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, its components, implications, and historical context. A key piece of U.S. legislation aimed at stimulating economic growth through various tax incentives.
Economic stabilizers are mechanisms such as unemployment insurance that contribute to economic stability by cushioning economic shocks.
The Efficiency-Equity Trade-Off refers to the tension between achieving economic efficiency and promoting distributional equity. It is the observation that policies designed to maximize efficiency often have negative impacts on equity and vice versa. This article delves into the historical context, key concepts, and mathematical models related to the Efficiency-Equity Trade-Off, and discusses its importance, applicability, and relevant considerations.
A comprehensive examination of endogenous growth theory, its principles, historical context, categories, key events, mathematical models, and practical implications in economic growth driven by internal factors.
An area subject to special treatment by the government with the purpose of encouraging investment and employment. The special treatment may include government grants, relaxation of planning regulations, or reduction in taxation.
The process by which European countries are becoming more closely linked in trade, finance, and policies through deliberate policies and natural economic developments.
An in-depth look at the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), its origins, operations, and significance in maintaining financial stability within the eurozone.
Exchange control refers to the regulations imposed by a government on the purchase and sale of foreign currency. These controls are often used to address issues like currency shortages and balance of payments imbalances.
Exchange Rate Manipulation refers to the actions taken by a government or central bank to artificially influence the value of its currency to gain economic benefits over other countries.
An economic policy intended to change total expenditure through fiscal or monetary measures. It contrasts with expenditure switching policies which divert expenditure from one outlet to another.
An exploration of expenditure tax, a consumption-based tax alternative to income tax, discussing its history, types, key events, and implications for economic growth and savings.
A comprehensive exploration of external balance, its importance in economics, factors influencing it, and its implications for economies.
An in-depth exploration of financial deregulation, its definition, historical context, impacts, and related terms.
A comprehensive examination of financial repression, its historical context, types, key events, mathematical models, importance, applicability, and more.
An in-depth exploration of Fiscal Policy, its historical context, types, key events, importance, and applicability. Learn about the intricacies of fiscal policy, its impact on the economy, and how it contrasts with monetary policy.
The use of taxation and government spending to influence economic conditions.
Legislation in various countries imposing specific debt and budgetary limits.
An in-depth look at fiscal stimulus, its historical context, types, key events, mechanisms, and importance in economic policy.
An exploration of the flexicurity policy approach, which aims to harmonize labor market flexibility with social security to benefit both workers and businesses in a dynamic economic environment.
Comprehensive coverage of floating exchange rates, including historical context, types, key events, explanations, formulas, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, facts, quotes, FAQs, and references.
Understanding the concept of floor price in commodity markets, its historical context, methods of enforcement, and its significance in economic stability.
Food subsidies are financial support mechanisms provided by governments to make food more affordable for consumers and to support the agricultural sector.
Foreign Exchange Control refers to the regulation imposed by governments or central banks on the purchase, sale, and movement of foreign currencies. It aims to stabilize the economy, control inflation, manage balance of payments, and prevent capital flight.
An in-depth exploration of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), including their historical context, types, key events, importance, applicability, examples, related terms, comparisons, and more.
An in-depth overview of the Financial Services Action Plan (FSAP), its historical context, key components, implications, and more.
A comprehensive guide to Fundamental Disequilibrium in balance of payments and its significance in international economics and finance.
The G-10 is a group of eleven industrialized nations focused on ensuring international monetary and financial stability. This consortium plays a crucial role in global economic discussions and policy implementations.
An in-depth look into the G20, its origin, purpose, member countries, structure, and influence on global economic policies.
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a legal agreement aimed at promoting international trade by reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas. Established in 1948, it laid the groundwork for the World Trade Organization (WTO) and played a crucial role in the global economic system.
Detailed insights into the spending of general government on real goods and services, excluding investment.
An exploration of Goodhart's Law, an observation by economist C. Goodhart, which states that when an empirical regularity is exploited for economic policy, it tends to lose its predictive reliability.
An in-depth examination of government transfer payments, including types, historical context, significance, and impact on the economy.
Gradualism is the belief that it is preferable to make a series of small changes in economic policy rather than a single large change. This approach is utilized to manage economic transitions smoothly and avoid potential disruptions.
GST is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that replaces various other indirect taxes in many jurisdictions, similar in structure to VAT but may have different implementations and rates.
Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) is a social welfare policy designed to ensure all citizens receive a minimum level of cash payment, distinct from measures like Guaranteed Annual Wage which pertains to employer-employee agreements.
A comprehensive overview of Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI), exploring its historical context, types, key events, detailed explanations, importance, applicability, examples, considerations, related terms, comparisons, interesting facts, inspirational stories, famous quotes, proverbs, expressions, jargon, slang, FAQs, references, and a final summary.
A limit to spending by some private or public body, where breaching it has significant consequences such as job loss or firm closure. A concept fundamental in financial management, especially evident in privatization policies.
The process of convergence over time of tax rates and regulatory rules in countries belonging to an economic bloc, actively pursued as a policy by the European Union (EU).
An in-depth look at HM Treasury, the UK Government's economic and finance ministry, including its history, functions, key events, and related concepts.
HM Treasury (HMT) is the UK ministry responsible for economics and finance, formulating and implementing financial and economic policy, and maintaining control over public expenditure.
HM Treasury is the United Kingdom's economic and finance ministry, responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy.
A comprehensive overview of import duty, including its definition, historical context, key events, detailed explanations, and applicability in various industries.
Inclusive growth refers to economic growth that is distributed fairly across society, ensuring that all segments of the population benefit from economic prosperity.
Comprehensive coverage of indexation, its history, types, and applications in finance, economics, and taxation. Explore the mathematical formulas, historical context, real-life examples, and more.
An in-depth examination of industrial policies, their historical context, types, key events, importance, and applications. Includes diagrams, examples, related terms, and much more.
A comprehensive guide to the Interest Equalization Tax, a US tax on foreign portfolio borrowing, introduced in 1963 to curb capital outflows and abolished in 1974.
A comprehensive article about Internal Balance, explaining its importance, types, historical context, models, and how it contrasts with External Balance.
