Taxation: Understand the mechanisms, history, types, and implications of taxes levied by governments on individuals and corporations.
A comprehensive exploration of the economic principles and policies implemented by the Thatcher government in the UK from 1979 to 1990.
An in-depth exploration of The Fair Deal, President Harry S. Truman's domestic policy agenda, focusing on its principles, implementations, and historical impact.
Tied loans are foreign loans, usually provided to less developed countries, that require the borrowed funds to be spent on goods and services from the lender nation. This contrasts with untied loans, which do not have such conditions.
A comprehensive guide to Tight Monetary Policy, a strategy employed to manage inflation by making borrowing costly and limiting the money supply.
An extensive overview of trade barriers including their types, impact, and historical context, as well as examples and related terms.
Trade Liberalization involves reducing restrictions on international trade, promoting economic efficiency through competition.
Trade policy encompasses the regulations, tariffs, and measures a government applies to its international trade. It aims to control the flow of goods and services across borders and balance national economic interests.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a comprehensive free-trade agreement among 12 countries aimed at liberalizing trade and investment flows in the Asia-Pacific region.
An in-depth look at Treuhandanstalt, the German institution established to rationalize and privatize East German state-owned firms post-1990.
Wage controls are government-imposed limits on the amount by which wages can increase, often used to control inflation and stabilize the economy.
A comprehensive analysis of wage freezes, their historical context, types, key events, effects, considerations, and related terminology.
Wage restraint involves decisions by trade unions to either refrain from demanding wage increases or to moderate their demands. This practice is often encouraged by governments aiming to control inflation.
A comprehensive understanding of Activist Policy, a government economic policy utilizing monetary and/or fiscal activities based on economic conditions.
Utilization of economic principles and theoretical models in real-world scenarios to influence governmental and economic policy.
An in-depth exploration of Beggar-Thy-Neighbor Policy, its methods, historical context, and implications in international trade.
An in-depth look into Chapter 13 of the 1978 Bankruptcy Act, which outlines a payment plan between borrower and creditor, monitored by the court.
A comprehensive explanation of convertible currency, its types, characteristics, and its impact in the foreign exchange market.
The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a group of economists appointed by the President of the United States to provide counsel on economic policy.
An overview of discretionary policy, a type of government economic policy that is not automatic but actively managed. Examples include the Federal Reserve Board's adjustments to the money supply and discount rate.
Disinvestment refers to the withdrawal of capital resulting from insufficient investment revenues needed to offset depreciation, leading to a negative net investment.
A comprehensive overview of an embargo, its types, applications, historical context, and related concepts.
An exploration into the principles and importance of fair competition in various industries, and the ramifications of unfair competitive practices.
An overview of the Federal Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC), a panel created by President Barack Obama in 2009 to investigate the causes of the financial crisis in the United States.
An in-depth look at G8, a forum of heads of state or government from major industrial democracies meeting annually since 1975 to address major economic and political challenges.
A comprehensive overview of government enterprises, including their definition, types, examples, historical context, and implications.
The Incidence of Tax refers to the distribution of the burden of paying a tax. For instance, smokers bear the incidence of tobacco taxes.
An Incomes Policy refers to government measures to control wages, prices, and costs, typically imposed to address high levels of inflation.
Jawboning refers to attempts to persuade others to act in a certain way by using the influence or pressure of a high office. It often involves public criticism, such as that by federal administrations toward wage or price increases deemed unreasonable.
The Joint Economic Committee of Congress (JEC) is a combined House and Senate committee responsible for monitoring major economic issues and developments to keep Congress well-informed.
Laissez-Faire, a doctrine advocating minimal government intervention in business and economic activities, espoused by Adam Smith in his seminal work 'The Wealth of Nations' (1776).
A comprehensive guide to the concept of a 'Level Playing Field' in government policy, focusing on reducing disparities between different industries and international competitors.
An overview of managed currency, a type of currency whose international value and exchangeability is heavily regulated by its issuing country.
An in-depth look at Mercantilism, an economic policy prevalent in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, focused on building a nation's wealth through exporting manufactured goods in exchange for gold, as well as its modern implications.
NBER, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to impartial economic research for policymakers, business professionals, and academia.
An in-depth exploration of Normative Economics, a branch of economics that evaluates economic fairness and guides policy based on subjective criteria and value judgments, a term notably elaborated upon by economist Milton Friedman.
In-depth exploration of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), its historical context, key provisions, economic impacts, and its replacement, the USMCA.
The Open Market Committee, commonly referred to as the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), plays a crucial role in the United States monetary policy.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is an international organization that works to improve global economic development through policy recommendations and cooperation among major Western economies.
A comprehensive overview of the acronym PIIGS used to describe the economically troubled countries of Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain.
A comprehensive guide to Potential GDP, exploring its definition, significance, calculation methods, historical context, and applications in economics and policy-making.
A comprehensive explanation of price support mechanisms, their types, historical context, examples, and implications on the economy and society.
A comprehensive overview of progressive tax systems, their function, implementation, and impact on different economic classes.
Pump priming is an economic policy that increases government expenditures and/or reduces taxes to stimulate economic growth.
A detailed exploration of QE2 (Quantitative Easing 2), its implementation, purposes, impacts, controversies, and economic implications.
Reaganomics refers to the conservative, free-market economic policies favored by President Ronald Reagan and his administration during the years 1981 to 1989.
An in-depth explanation of Tax Credits, their types, historical context, examples, applicability, and comparisons with related terms like deductions and exemptions.
Understanding the Tax Impact: The Influence of Taxation on Economic Processes such as Production and Consumption.
An in-depth examination of the concept 'Too Big To Fail,' exploring its implications, historical significance, and relevant concepts such as systemic risk and moral hazard.
A Trade War is a conflict between countries aimed at improving one's import/export position through trade barriers and tariffs.
Turnover Tax is a tax assessed on a good at an intermediate stage of production rather than on the finished good, affecting various sectors and economic actors.
A comprehensive exploration of the concept of 'Unfreeze' within economic contexts, typically referring to the removal of restrictions such as price controls or import limitations.
An in-depth look at wage control, the governmental mechanisms for regulating wage increases to manage inflation and economic stability.
An in-depth look at Wage Floors, including legal definitions, types, historical context, and their impact on the economy.
An in-depth exploration of Abenomics, the economic program initiated by Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, including its definition, history, and the three primary strategies known as the 'Three Arrows.'
A comprehensive understanding of bail-ins, their mechanisms, and their significance in stabilizing financial institutions during crises.
An in-depth look at bailouts, including their definition, mechanisms, historical examples, and implications for economies and businesses.
A comprehensive overview of Ben Bernanke's tenure as the Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve, highlighting his impact on financial stability, economic policy, and the strategies he employed during the global financial crisis.
An in-depth exploration of budget deficits, including their causes, economic and social effects, and strategies for prevention and management.
An in-depth look at currency pegging, exploring its mechanisms, benefits, drawbacks, historical examples, and economic implications.
An in-depth exploration of demand-pull inflation, its causes, examples, historical context, and economic implications. Learn how this type of inflation affects supply and demand dynamics in the economy.
Understand the concept of demonetization, its historical examples, mechanisms, and economic impact.
A comprehensive guide to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, detailing its primary functions, significant components, and criticisms, aimed at protecting the financial system and consumers.
An in-depth comparison of Dove and Hawk economic policy advisors, exploring their differing strategies on interest rates, monetary policy, and economic expansion.
An in-depth analysis of dumping in international trade, including the concept of price discrimination, its economic impacts, international attitudes, and real-world examples.
Explore the European Monetary System (EMS), established in 1979, which aimed to foster closer monetary policy cooperation among European Community (EC) members. Learn about its history, objectives, mechanisms, and its significance in European economic integration.
An in-depth look at exchange controls, their implications for international business, and the strategies companies use to navigate these restrictions.
A detailed examination of Feed-In Tariffs (FIT), including their economic principles, history, types, applications in promoting renewable energy investment, and examples of global implementation.
A detailed examination of the 1982 U.S. law aimed at easing interest rate pressures on banks and savings and loan institutions, exploring its history, implications, and lasting impact on the financial sector.
An in-depth exploration of the General Agreements to Borrow (GAB), a lending medium offered through the International Monetary Fund by the Group of Ten countries. Discusses its meaning, advantages, drawbacks, historical context, and modern relevance.
An in-depth look at the Goods and Services Tax (GST), covering its definition, different types, and detailed methods of calculation for a better understanding of its impact on domestic consumption.
A comprehensive examination of the Great Leap Forward, detailing its objectives, strategic execution, and the profound socio-economic impact it had on China in the late 1950s.
The Greenspan Put refers to the financial policies adopted by former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan to mitigate excessive stock market declines. This entry explores its definition, historical context, examples, and comparison with the Fed Put.
An in-depth overview of the Group of Seven (G7), including its member countries, organizational structure, and the pivotal role it plays in global economic governance.
A comprehensive exploration of the term 'Hollowing Out,' focusing on its meaning, mechanisms, economic impacts, and social consequences.
A comprehensive look at the Hong Kong Monetary Authority Investment Portfolio, including its objectives, strategies, historical performance, and significance in global financial markets.
A comprehensive overview of Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI), including definitions, historical context, examples, and its impacts on developing economies.
An in-depth exploration of imports, including definitions, examples, advantages, and disadvantages. Understand the complexities and economic implications of imported goods and services.
A comprehensive overview of the Jackson Hole Economic Symposium, its history, importance, and impact on global economic policy.
An in-depth exploration and analysis of the Jobs And Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (JGTRRA), which lowered the individual income tax rate on corporate dividends and had significant implications for the U.S. economy.
An in-depth exploration of the Kazakhstan National Fund, a sovereign wealth fund managed by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This guide covers its purposes, operations, historical context, and its role in the nation's economy.
A comprehensive guide to Land Value Tax (LVT), exploring its definition, mechanisms, historical context, benefits, and real-world applications.
An in-depth exploration of Main Street's role in local economies, the various types of businesses and consumers it encompasses, and the government programs designed to support it.
Explore the life and legacy of Milton Friedman, the U.S. economist known for his influential advocacy of free-market capitalism and monetarism. Understand his groundbreaking theories and their impact on modern economic policies.
A comprehensive guide to moral suasion, including its definition, applications, examples, and comparisons with other persuasive techniques.
A comprehensive guide to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), its mission, role in economic research, historical significance, and impact on policy and academia.
A comprehensive guide to understanding Neoliberalism, its principles, historical context, real-world examples, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.
An in-depth exploration of the Nixon Shock, detailing the economic actions taken by President Richard Nixon in 1971, the subsequent collapse of the Bretton Woods system, and its far-reaching consequences on the global economy.
An in-depth exploration of non-standard monetary policy, including its definition, types, examples, historical context, and its implications for the economy.
An in-depth exploration of official settlement accounts, detailing their definition, function, mechanisms, and the role they play in tracking central banks' reserve asset transactions.
Explore the concept of an Optimal Currency Area (OCA), including its definition, criteria, economic benefits, historical context, and applications. Learn how OCAs contribute to economic stability and growth.
The Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) is a collaborative intergovernmental organization that brings together 37 member countries to discuss and develop economic and social policies.
A detailed exploration of quota and protectionism, encompassing government-imposed trade restrictions that limit the number or value of goods imported or exported during a specific timeframe.
An in-depth examination of rationing, including its definition, purposes, historical examples, and impacts on economies and societies.
Comprehensive overview of Special Economic Zones (SEZs), their meaning, types, advantages, disadvantages, and impact on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
An in-depth exploration of subsidies, detailing their definition, operational mechanisms, benefits, and potential disadvantages. Understand how subsidies impact various sectors and the economy as a whole.
An in-depth look into tax treaties between countries, exploring their purpose, mechanics, benefits, and implications for individuals and businesses.
A detailed exploration of taxes, including their definition, types, who pays them, and their purpose in financing government activities and public services.
An in-depth guide to the Group of 20 (G-20), including its member countries, global influence, and strategic agenda. Learn about the G-20's role in international economics, its history, key initiatives, and contribution to global governance.
An in-depth exploration of The New Deal, a series of government initiatives introduced during the Great Depression to alleviate economic distress and reduce unemployment in the United States.
